Current Role of Platelet Glycoprotein Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a Receptor Inhibitors in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Diseases

Thrombosis formation on disrupted atherosclerotic plaque is the most common acuse of cardiovascular diseases, in the pathophysiology, increased platelet reactivity is a descriptor of the risk of cardiovascular events in healthy persons and in patients with overt coronary artery disease. Regardless of the stimulus for activation platelet-platelet interation and thrombus formation is ultimately regulated through the GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor

Study protocol of the Asian XELIRI ProjecT(AXEPT):a multinational,randomized,non-inferiority,phase Ⅲ trial of second-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, comparing the eicacy and safety of XELIRI with or without bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI w

Background: Capecitabine and irinotecan combination therapy(XELIRI) has been examined at various dose levels to treat metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC). Recently, in the Association of Medical Oncology of the German Cancer Society(AIO) 0604 trial, tri?weekly XELIRI plus bevacizumab, with reduced doses of irinotecan(200 mg/m^2 on day 1) and capecitabine(1600 mg/m^2 on days 1–14), repeated every 3 weeks, has shown favorable tolerability and eicacy which were comparable to those of capecitabine and oxaliplatin(XELOX) plus bevacizumab. The doses of capecit?abine and irinotecan in the AIO trial are considered optimal. In a phase I/II study, XELIRI plus bevacizumab(BIX) as second?line chemotherapy was well tolerated and had promising eicacy in Japanese patients.Methods: The Asian XELIRI Projec T(AXEPT) is an East Asian collaborative, open?labelled, randomized, phase Ⅲ clinical trial which was designed to demonstrate the non?inferiority of XELIRI with or without bevacizumab versus standard FOLFIRI(5?fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan combination) with or without bevacizumab as second?line chemo?therapy for patients with m CRC. Patients with 20 years of age or older, histologically conirmed m CRC, Eastern Coop?erative Oncology Group performance status 0–2, adequate organ function, and disease progression or intolerance of the irst?line regimen will be eligible. Patients will be randomized(1:1) to receive standard FOLFIRI with or with?out bevacizumab(5 mg/kg on day 1), repeated every 2 weeks(FOLIRI arm) or XELIRI with or without bevacizumab(7.5 mg/kg on day 1), repeated every 3 weeks(XELIRI arm). A total of 464 events were estimated as necessary to show non?inferiority with a power of 80% at a one?sided α of 0.025, requiring a target sample size of 600 patients. The 95% conidence interval(CI) upper limit of the hazard ratio was pre?speciied as less than 1.3.Conclusion: The Asian XELIRI Projec T is a multinational phase III trial being conducted to provide evidence for XELIRI with or without bevacizumab as a second?line treatment option of mCRC.

Neoadjuvant treatment for resectable pancreatic cancer: Time for phase Ⅲ testing?

This paper discusses the rationale for phaseⅢtesting of neoadjuvant therapy in patients affected by resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.The therapeutic management of patients affected by resectable pancreatic cancer is particularly troublesome due to the aggressiveness of the disease and to the limited efficacy and sometimes unfavourable risk-benefit ratio of the available therapeutic tools.Conflicting data on the role of adjuvant chemoradiation have been reported,while adjuvant single-agent chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival(OS)when compared to surgery alone. However,the OS figures for adjuvant chemotherapy remain disappointing.In effect,pancreatic cancer exhibits a prominent tendency to recur after a brief median time interval from surgery and extra-pancreatic dissemination represents the predominant pattern of disease failure.Neoadjuvant treatment has a strong rationale in this disease but limited information on the efficacy of this approach is available from single arm trials with low levels of evidence.Thus,in spite of two decades of investigation there is currently no evidence to support the routine use of pre-surgical therapy in clinical practice. To foster knowledge on the optimal management of this disease,and to produce evidence-based treatment guidelines,there is no alternative to well designed randomized trials.Systemic chemotherapy is a candidate for testing because it is supported by a more robust rationale than chemoradiation.Combination chemotherapy regimens with elevated activity in advanced disease warrant investigation.Caution would suggest the running of an exploratory phaseⅡrandomized trial before embarking on a large phase Ⅲ study.

Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancers:An open-label,non-randomized,phase II clinical trial

BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with high malignancy,poor prognosis,and limited treatment options.AIM To explore the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced and metastatic BTCs.METHODS This open-label,non-randomized,double-center,phase II clinical trial recruited systemic therapy-naive patients with unresectable or metastatic BTCs between April 2019 and June 2022 at Beijing Cancer Hospital and the First Hospital of China Medical University.Eligible patients were administered nab-paclitaxel(150 mg/m^(2),day 1)and capecitabine(2000 mg/m^(2),twice daily,days 1-7)in 14-day cycles until experiencing intolerable toxicity or disease progression.The primary outcome was the objective response rate(ORR).The secondary outcomes included the disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and safety.RESULTS A total of 44 patients successfully completed the trial,with a median age of 64.00 years(interquartile range,35.00-76.00),and 26(59.09%)were females.Tumor response assessment was impeded for one patient due to premature demise from tumor hemorrhage.Among the remaining 43 patients undergoing at least one imaging assessment,the ORR was 23.26%[95%confidence interval(CI):11.80%-38.60%],and the DCR was 69.77%(95%CI:53.90%-82.80%).The median OS was 14.1 months(95%CI:8.3-19.9),and the median PFS was 4.4 months(95%CI:2.5-6.3).A total of 41 patients(93.18%)experienced at least one adverse event(AE),with 10 patients(22.73%)encountering grade≥3 AEs,and the most frequent AEs of any grade were alopecia(79.50%),leukopenia(54.55%),neutropenia(52.27%),and liver dysfunction(40.91%),and no treatment-related deaths were documented.CONCLUSION Nab-paclitaxel plus capecitabine may be an effective and safe first-line treatment strategy for patients with advanced or metastatic BTCs.

Quality Management Model for Phase I Clinical Drug Trials:A Structural Equation Model

This study aimed to construct a quality management model for phase I clinical drug trials.A cross-sectional survey was conducted and data were collected from 604 respondents at 69 institutions in China engaged in phase I clinical drug trials.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop the survey tool.Structural equation modeling was used to construct a quality management model for phase I clinical drug trials.The results showed that the final survey tool had good reliability and validity(Cronbach’sα=0.938,root mean square error of approximation=0.074,comparative fit index=0.962,and Tucker—Lewis index=0.955).The model included five dimensions:government regulation,industry management,medical institution management,research team management,and contract research organization(CRO)management.In total,22 measurement items were obtained.The structural equation model indicated government regulation,industry management,medical institution management,and CRO management significantly affected the quality of phase I clinical drug trials(β=0.195,β=0.331,β=0.279,andβ=−0.267,respectively;P<0.05).Research team management had no effect on the quality of trials(β=0.041,P=0.610).In conclusion,the model is valuable for identifying factors influencing phase I clinical drug trials and guiding quality management practices.

Specification of phase Ⅰ of new drugs' clinical tolerance trials

Phase Ⅰ of clinical trials is the first stage of clinical pharmacology and body safety evaluation,including body tolerance test and pharmacokinetics test.The aim is providing evidence for dosage regimen and be the cornerstone of the preliminary assessment of efficacy and safety of phase Ⅱ of clinical trials.This text discussed the technique and requirement of phase Ⅰ of new drugs' clinical tolerance trials.

Progress in phase III clinical trials of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy for glioblastoma

Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common primary central nervous system tumor,whose prognosis remains poor under the sequential standard of care,such as neurosurgery followed by concurrent temozolomide radiochemotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy in the presence or absence of tumor treating fields.Accordingly,the advent of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy has opened a new era of tumor management.A diverse range of targeted drugs have been tested in patients with GBM in phase III clinical trials.However,these drugs are ineffective for all patients,as evidenced by the fact that only a minority of patients in these trials showed prolonged survival.Furthermore,there are several published phase III clinical trials that involve immune checkpoint inhibitors,peptide vaccines,dendritic cell vaccines,and virotherapy.Accordingly,this review comprehensively overviews existing studies of targeted drugs and immunotherapy for glioma and discusses the challenge and perspective of targeted drugs and immunotherapy for glioma to clarify future directions.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to treat spinal cord injury in the early chronic phase: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded clinical trial

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)support revascularization,inhibition of inflammation,regulation of apoptosis,and promotion of the release of beneficial factors.Thus,they are regarded as a promising candidate for the treatment of intractable spinal cord injury(SCI).Clinical studies on patients with early chronic SCI(from 2 months to 1 year post-injury),which is clinically common,are rare;therefore,we will conduct a prospective,multicenter,randomized,placebo-controlled,single-blinded clinical trial at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,and Shanghai East Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine,China.The trial plans to recruit 66 early chronic SCI patients.Eligible patients will undergo randomization at a 2:1 ratio to two arms:the observation group and the control group.Subjects in the observation group will receive four intrathecal transplantations of stem cells,with a dosage of 1×106/kg,at one calendar month intervals.Subjects in the control group will receive intrathecal administrations of 10 mL sterile normal saline in place of the stem cell transplantations.Clinical safety will be assessed by the analysis of adverse events and laboratory tests.The American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)total score will be the primary efficacy endpoint,and the secondary efficacy outcomes will be the following:ASIA impairment scale,International Association of Neural Restoration-Spinal Cord Injury Functional Rating Scale,muscle tension,electromyogram,cortical motor and cortical sensory evoked potentials,residual urine volume,magnetic resonance imaging–diffusion tensor imaging,T cell subtypes in serum,neurotrophic factors and inflammatory factors in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid.All evaluations will be performed at 1,3,6,and 12 months following the final intrathecal administration.During the entire study procedure,all adverse events will be reported as soon as they are noted.This trial is designed to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of subarachnoid transplantation of hUC-MSCs to treat early chronic SCI.Moreover,it will establish whether cytotherapy can ameliorate local hostile microenvironments,promote tracking fiber regeneration,and strengthen spinal conduction ability,thus improving overall motor,sensory,and micturition/defecation function in patients with early chronic SCI.This study was approved by the Stem Cell Research Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,China(approval No.[2018]-02)on March 30,2018,and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov(registration No.NCT03521323)on April 12,2018.The revised trial protocol(protocol version 4.0)was approved by the Stem Cell Research Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,China(approval No.[2019]-10)on February 25,2019,and released on ClinicalTrials.gov on April 29,2019.

PHASE II CLINICAL TRIAL OF LASTET CAPSULE IN COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY OF MALIGNANT TUMORSIN CHINA

This study reports the efficacy of prolonged administration of oral etoposide in the treatment of 86 cases with solid tumor,malignant lymphoma and other cancer.The oral etoposide used was the Lastet capsule (Las-c).An overall response rate(RR)of 62.8% was achieved with CR rate being 23.3% and PR rate 39.5%. Different combination chemotherapy regimens led to different response rates but no significant difference was found. The Las-C containing regimens used in this study have not caused any serious side effects.

Clinical Trial Phases

Developers of drugs, biologicals, and medical devices must ensure product safety, demonstrate medical benefit in people, and mass produce the product. Preclinical development starts before clinical trials and the main goals are to determine safety and effectiveness of the intervention. If preclinical studies show that the therapy is safe and effective, clinical trials are started. Clinical trial phases are steps in the research to determine if an intervention would be beneficial or detrimental to humans and include Phases 0, I, II, III, IV, and V clinical studies. Understanding the basis of clinical trial phases will help researchers plan and implement clinical study protocols and, by doing so, improve the number of therapies coming to market for patients.

Ethical reflections on phase I clinical trials of anticancer drugs:from a Chinese IRB’s empirical perspective

Purpose With the rapid development of Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs in China,addressing ethical con-cerns is imperative.In order to safeguard the rights,interests,and well-being of research participants,this paper aims to illustrate vital ethical issues that should not be neglected by institutional review boards as well as other relevant stakeholders for Phase I clinical trials of anticancer drugs.Methods This study retrospectively collects documents on Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs that were sub-mitted to the Institutional Review Board at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from 2021 to 2023.Based on Chinese and inter-national research regulations and guidelines,these documents,as well as initial and follow-up review resolutions,have been classified and analyzed.Results Given the additional risks of potentially toxic effects in Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs and the vul-nerability of participants enrolled with advanced cancer status,it is important to review investigator qualifica-tions,preliminary findings,research methods,inclusion and exclusion criteria in the protocol,as well as the validity and readability of informed consent.Additionally,attention should be given to follow-up reviews,particularly regard-ing safety reports and protocol deviations.Conclusion To effectively protect the rights,interests and safety of research participants.Relevant stakeholders,including sponsors,researchers,and regulatory bodies,should diligently evaluate potential risks and provision contin-gency plan to minimize the latent risk.

A Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 in Children with High-Grade Glioma. Final Report (Protocol BT-06), and Review of Recent Trials

Standard treatment for high-grade glioma involves surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide. Unfortunately, there are no standard treatment recommendations after recurrence and new therapies are needed for patients whose tumor recurs after first-line treatment. This single-arm, two-stage, interventional Phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1. Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study (safety population), but fifteen patients with a median age of 9.4 years who met eligibility criteria were evaluated. The majority of subjects (12/15) were Caucasian and 8/15 (53%) were female. More than half (53%) of patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma and 33% with anaplastic astrocytoma. All patients had failed standard therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Antineoplastons were administered intravenously every four hours (median dose of A10 6.9 g/kg/d and AS2-1 0.30 g/kg/d) until objective response was documented and thereafter for a further 8 months. Clinical evaluations were performed every 8 weeks. All patients enrolled in the study were included in the safety analysis but only patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the efficacy evaluation. The duration of treatment with antineoplastons ranged from 2 weeks to 120 weeks. A complete response was documented in 2/15 (13%), partial response in 2/15 (13%), stable disease in 3/15 (20%). Progression-free survival at six months was 47% and overall survival (OS) at one year was 33.3%. One patient (6.7%) survived 10 years from treatment start. A small group of patients suffered reversible Grade 3 and 4 toxicities including hypernatremia 2/19 (11%) and decrease of neutrophils 1/19 (5%). There were no chronic toxicities. There was improvement of quality of life in patients who had objective response. It is concluded that antineoplastons show efficacy with an acceptable profile in this cohort of patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.

Positron emission tomography-adapted therapy in low-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:results of a randomized,phase Ⅲ,non-inferiority trial

Background:The current standard of care for non-bulky diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients with an International Prognostic Index(IPI)of 0 is four cycles of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone(R-CHOP)but whether the same efficacy can be achieved with reduced chemotherapy regimen of four cycles for non-bulky DLBCL patients with an IPI of 1 remains unclear.This study compared four cycles versus six cycles of chemotherapy in non-bulky low-risk DLBCL patients with negative interim positron emission tomography with computed tomography(PET-CT,Deauville 1-3),irrespective of age and other IPI risk factors(IPI 0-1).Methods:This was an open-label,randomized,phaseⅢ,non-inferiority trial.Patients aged 14-75 years with newly diagnosed low-risk DLBCL,according to IPI,achieving PET-CT confirmed complete response(CR)after four cycles of R-CHOPwere randomized(1:1)between four cycles of rituximab(4R-CHOP+4R arm)or two cycles of R-CHOP plus two cycles of rituximab(6R-CHOP+2R arm).The primary endpoint was 2-year progression-free survival(PFS),conducted in the intention-to-treat population.Safety was assessed in patients with at least one cycle of assigned treatment.The non-inferiority margin was-8%.Results:A total of 287 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis,the median follow-up was 47.3 months,and the 2-year PFS rate was 95%(95%confidence interval[CI],92%to 99%)and 94%(95%CI,91%to 98%)for the 4R-CHOP+4R and 6R-CHOP+2R arm.The absolute difference in 2-year PFS between the two arms was 1%(95%CI,-5%to 7%),supporting the non-inferiority of 4R-CHOP+4R.Grade 3-4 neutropenia was lower in the last four cycles of rituximab alone in the 4R-CHOP+4R arm(16.7%versus 76.9%),with decreased risk of febrile neutropenia(0.0%versus 8.4%)and infection(2.1%versus 14.0%).Conclusions:For newly diagnosed low-risk DLBCL patients,interim PET-CT after four cycles of R-CHOP was effective in identifying patients with Deauville 1-3 who would have a good response and Deauville 4-5 patients who might have high-risk biological features or develop resistance.Reducing the standard six cycles to four cycles of chemotherapy had comparable clinical efficacy and fewer adverse events in low-risk,non-bulky DLBCL with interim PET-CT confirmed CR.

Toward phase 4 trials in heart failure: A social and corporate responsibility of the medical profession

Congestive heart failure(CHF) is a chronic condition, requiring polypharmacy, allied health supports and regular monitoring. All these factors are needed to ensure compliance and to deliver the positive outcomes demonstrated from randomized controlled trials. Unfortunately many centers around the world are unable to match trial level support. The outcomes for many communities are thus unclear. Research design factors in post-marketing surveillance to address this issue. Phase 4 studies is the name given to trials designed to obtain such community level data and thus address issues of external validity. CHF phase 4 studies are relatively underutilized. We feel the onus for this research lies with the health profession. In this commentary we provide arguments as to why phase 4 studies should be viewed as a social and corporate responsibility of health professional that care for clients with CHF.

Multicenter phase Ⅱ trial of modified FOLFIRINOX in gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer

AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified FOLFIRINOX as a second-line treatment for gemcitabine(GEM)-refractory unresectable pancreatic cancer(PC).METHODS This study was a prospective, multicenter, one-arm, open-label, phase Ⅱ trial. Patients with unresectable PC, who showed disease progression during GEMbased chemotherapy were enrolled. All patients were administered FOLFIRINOX with reduced irinotecan and oxaliplatin(RIO; irinotecan 120 mg/m^2 and oxaliplatin 60 mg/m^2), which was set according to the phase Ⅰ study of FOLFIRINOX. The objective response rate(ORR), disease control rate(DCR), progressionfree survival(PFS), overall survival(OS), adverse events were evaluated. Additionally, changes in quality of life(QoL) were assessed using a questionnaire on QoL.RESULTS Between August 2015 and May 2016, a total of 48 patients were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 259 d with a median of 8.5 cycles. The ORR and DCR were 18.8% and 62.5%, respectively, including one patient who showed complete remission. The median PFS was 5.8 mo [95% confidence interval(CI): 3.7-7.9] and median OS was 9.0 mo(95%CI: 6.4-11.6). Neutropenia(64.6%) was the most common grade 3-4 adverse event, followed by febrile neutropenia(16.7%). Although 14.6% of patients experienced grade 3 fatigue, most non-hematologic AEs were under grade 2. In the QoL analysis, the global health status score before treatment was not different from the score at the last visit after treatment(45.43 ± 22.88 vs 48.66 ± 24.14, P = 0.548).CONCLUSION FOLFIRINOX with RIO showed acceptable toxicity and promising efficacy for GEM-refractory unresectable PC. However, this treatment requires careful observation of treatment-related hematologic toxicities.

A multicenter phase II trial of domestic product of zoledronic acid in the treatment of malignant hypercalcemia

Objective:To evaluate the effect and safety of clinical use of zoledronic acid in the treatment of malignant hypercalcemia.Methods:A multi-center,open phase II clinical trial was conducted in 15 cases with malignant hypercalcemia who received zoledronic acid intravenously for 15 min.The level of blood calcium and side effects were recorded regularly within 28 days after injection.Results:One case was dropped out due to bad compliance.The complete response rate(the corrected serum calcium was reduced to normal level)was 100.00%(14/14).The medium time of complete response rate was 5.07 days.The medium maintain time was 22.30 days.Slight,or moderate fever was observed.Conclusion:Zoledronic acid can effectively reduce the malignant hypercalcemia.The use of zoledronic acid appears to be safety and convenient.

Using Intelligent Screening Service Platform(ISSP)to Improve the Screening Process of Clinical Trial Subjects during COVID-19 Pandemic:An Experimental Study

Background:During the COVID-19 pandemic,clinical trial recruitment could not be carried out due to travel restrictions,transmission risks and other factors,resulting in the stagnation of many ongoing or upcoming clinical trials.Objective:An intelligent screening tool was developed using artificial intelligence technology to rapidly prescreen potential patients for phase I solid tumor drug clinical trials.Methods:A total of 429 screening process records were collected from 27 phase I solid tumor drug clinical trials at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from April 2018 to May 2021.Features of the experimental data were analyzed,and the collinearity(principal component analysis)and strong correlation(χ^(2)test)among features were eliminated.XGBoost,random forest,and naive Bayes were used to determine the weight importance of the features.Finally,prescreening models were constructed using a classification machine learning algorithm,and the optimal model was selected.Results:Among the 429 screening records,33 were generated by repeated subject participation in different clinical trials,and of the remaining 396 screening records,246(62.12%)were screened successfully.The gold standard for subject screening success was the final judgment made by the principal investigator(PI)based on the clinical trial protocol.A Venn diagram was used to identify the important feature intersections of the machine learning algorithms.After intersecting the top 15 characteristic variables of the different feature screening models,9 common variables were obtained:age,sex,distance from residence to the central institution,tumor histology,tumor stage,tumorectomy,interval from diagnosis/postoperative to screening,chemotherapy,and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score.To select the optimal subset,the 9 important feature variables were expanded to 12 and 15 feature subsets,and the performance of different feature subsets under different machine learning models was validated.The results showed that optimal performance,accuracy and practicability were achieved using XGBoost with the 12-feature subset.The final model could accurately predict the screening success rates in both internal(AUC=0.895)and external(AUC=0.796)validation and has been transformed into a convenient tool to facilitate its application in clinical settings.Subjects with a probability exceeding or equal to the threshold in the final model had a greater probability of being successfully screened.Conclusion:Based on the optimal model,we created an online prediction calculator and visualization app,the Intelligent Screening Service Platform(ISSP),which can rapidly screen patients for phase I solid tumor drug clinical trials.The IsSP can effectively solve the problems of space and time intervals.On the mobile terminal,matching between clinical trial projects and patients can be achieved,and the rapid screening of clinical trial subjects can be completed to obtain more clinical trial subjects.As an auxiliary tool,the ISSP optimizes the screening process of clinical trials and provides more convenient services for clinical investigators and patients.

重组人血管内皮抑素联合NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC随机、双盲、对照、多中心Ⅲ期临床研究

背景与目的EndostarTM(YH-16)是中国烟台麦得津生物工程股份有限公司开发的新型重组人血管内皮抑素(rh-endostatin),临床前研究结果显示该药能抑制血管内皮细胞增殖、血管生成和肿瘤生长.Ⅰ、Ⅱ期临床结果证明该药单药临床应用安全有效.本研究的目的是评价YH-16联合长春瑞滨和顺铂(NP)治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效和安全性.方法2003年4月～2004年6月,493例一般状况评分为0～2,经病理和细胞学确诊的Ⅲ/Ⅳ期NSCLC患者进入NP联合YH-16与NP联合安慰剂的随机、双盲、对照、多中心临床研究.研究的终点目标是有效率(RR)、临床受益率(CBR)、肿瘤进展时间(TTP)、生活质量(QOL)以及安全性.结果486例可评价疗效的患者中,试验组和对照组的总RR分别为35.4%和19.5%(P=0.0003),总CBR分别为73.3%和64.0%(P=0.035),总的中位TTP分别为6.3个月和3.6个月(P=0.0000).对初治患者,试验组和对照组的RR分别为40.0%和23.9%(P=0.003),CBR分别为76.5%和65.0%(P=0.023),中位TTP分别为6.6个月和3.7个月(P=0.0000);对复治患者,试验组和对照组的RR分别为23.9%和8.5%(P=0.034),CBR分别为65.2%和61.7%(P=0.68),中位TTP分别为5.7个月和3.2个月(P=0.0002).试验组的临床症状缓解率较对照组略高,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05).试验组与对照组疗后QOL评分比较有明显提高(P=0.0155).试验组与对照组在血液学及非血液学毒性方面,中、重度不良反应的发生率均无统计学差异.结论YH-16与NP方案联合,能明显提高晚期NSCLC的RR及中位TTP,且安全性较好,具有较好的临床应用前景.

注射用重组改构人肿瘤坏死因子联合化疗药物治疗非小细胞肺癌的多中心Ⅲ期临床试验

目的 观察并比较国产注射用重组改构人肿瘤坏死因子 (rmhTNF)加化疗药物和单纯化疗治疗人非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法 采用多中心、随机对照试验将 2 0 0例人非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为试验组和对照组 ,试验组 15 0例 ,对照组 5 0例。对照组仅给予化疗 ,而试验组在化疗的同时 ,分别在第 1～ 7天 ,第 11～ 17天肌肉注射rmhTNF 4× 10 6U /m2 ,两组均以 2 1天为一周期 ,连用两个周期。试验结束后比较试验组和对照组的有效率和不良反应。结果 试验组有 5例 ,对照组有 3例患者因为依从性原因出组 ,其余患者可供临床疗效和不良反应分析。试验组有效率为 46.90 % ( 68/ 14 5 ) ,对照组为 17.0 2 % ( 8/ 47)(P =0 .0 0 1)。试验组治疗后KPS评分为 86.0 2± 9.74,对照组为 80 .14± 9.10 (P =0 .0 2 5 )。试验组和对照组Ⅲ +Ⅳ度不良反应发生率无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。与rmhTNF有关的不良反应主要有轻度发热、感冒样症状、注射局部疼痛、注射局部红肿硬结 ,均不需作特殊处理 ,治疗结束后均能自行消失。试验组和对照组均未见有严重肝肾功能、心电图异常 ,以及低血压等不良反应发生。结论 rmhTNF联合化疗药物治疗人非小细胞肺癌的疗效显著优于单纯化疗 ,rmhTNF能明显提高化疗药物的敏感性 ,改?

蔗糖凝胶治疗细菌性阴道病的多中心、随机、双盲、平行对照Ⅲ期临床试验

目的：通过多中心、随机、双盲、平行对照的临床研究,进一步评价蔗糖凝胶治疗细菌性阴道病的有效性及安全性。方法：选择5个研究中心的533例细菌性阴道病患者作为研究对象,依据随机表按对照组与试验组为2∶3比例随机入组,甲硝唑凝胶5.0 g组（对照组）214例,蔗糖凝胶5.0 g组（实验组）319例,两组均采取每日早晚各一次阴道上药,连用5 d的疗程进行治疗。分别于治疗第7~10天、第21~30天进行疗效观察及安全性评价。结果：治疗第7~10天,甲硝唑凝胶组和蔗糖凝胶组的临床综合疗效治愈率分别为70.53%和80.83%,阴道分泌物涂片Nugent积分痊愈率分别为71.50%和81.15%,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗第21~30天,甲硝唑凝胶组和蔗糖凝胶组的临床综合疗效治愈率分别为63.29%和61.98%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：蔗糖凝胶治疗细菌性阴道病的临床综合疗效近期（治疗第7~10天）及恢复阴道菌群方面明显优于甲硝唑凝胶,远期治愈率（治疗第21~30天）与甲硝唑凝胶相当,可成为治疗细菌性阴道病的新策略。