Biological roles and potential clinical values of circular RNAs in gastrointestinal malignancies

Circular RNAs(circ RNAs),a class of endogenous RNA molecules,are produced by alternative splicing of precursor RNA and are covalently linked at the 5′and 3′ends.Recent studies have revealed that dysregulated circ RNAs are closely related to the occurrence and progression of gastrointestinal malignancies.Accumulating evidence indicates that circ RNAs,including circ PVT1,circ LARP4,circ-SFMBT2,cir-ITCH,circ RNA_100782,circ_100395,circ-DONSON,hsa_circ_0001368,circ NRIP1,circ FAT1(e2),circ CCDC66,circ SMARCA5,circ-ZNF652,and circ_0030235 play important roles in the proliferation,differentiation,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms,such as acting as micro RNA sponges,interacting with RNA-binding proteins,regulating gene transcription and alternative splicing,and being translated into proteins.With the characteristics of high abundance,high stability,extensive functions,and certain tissue-,time-and diseasespecific expressions,circ RNAs are expected to provide novel perspectives for the diagnoses and treatments of gastrointestinal malignancies.

Clinical application value of long non-coding RNAs signatures of genomic instability in predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)presents challenges due to its high recurrence and metastasis rates and poor prognosis.While current clinical diagnostic and prognostic indicators exist,their accuracy remains imperfect due to their biol-ogical complexity.Therefore,there is a quest to identify improved biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.By combining long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expression and somatic mutations,Duan et al identified five representative lncRNAs from 88 lncRNAs related to genomic instability(GI),forming a GI-derived lncRNA signature(LncSig).This signature outperforms previously re-ported LncSig and TP53 mutations in predicting HCC prognosis.In this editorial,we comprehensively evaluate the clinical application value of such prognostic evaluation model based on sequencing technology in terms of cost,time,and practicability.Additionally,we provide an overview of various prognostic models for HCC,aiding in a comprehensive understanding of research progress in pro-gnostic evaluation methods.

Clinical Value of Predictive Nursing Intervention on Deep Venous Thrombosis of Lower Extremities after Cesarean Section

[Objectives]To explore the clinical nursing value of predictive nursing intervention in patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities after cesarean section.[Methods]From December 2022 to April 2023,105 pregnant and lying-in women who were hospitalized in the Gynecology Department of Pingquan Hospital and underwent cesarean section and met the inclusion criteria were included as the study objects.According to the medical records,they were divided into observation group(n=52 cases)and control group(n=53 cases).The clinical experimental subjects were divided into two groups.One group was the control group with routine nursing,and the other group was the observation group with predictive nursing intervention.The number of cases of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in the two groups was recorded to evaluate the clinical value.[Results]The incidence of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in the two groups after cesarean section was compared,and it was suggested that the incidence of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Special predictive nursing intervention can greatly reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities after cesarean section,improve nursing satisfaction,and improve clinical efficacy,which is worthy of recommendation.

Clinical Value of Endodontic Patients Treated with Calcium Hydroxide Preparations

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of endodontics patients treated with calcium hydroxide preparation. Methods: The study cases were selected from the endodontics patients who visited our hospital during the period from January 2022 to December 2023, and 97 cases were randomly selected according to the numerical table method and divided into two groups. There were 49 cases in the control group and 48 cases in the experimental group. The control group received conventional therapy, while the experimental group received treatment with calcium hydroxide preparation, and the clinical value of the two different treatment modalities was observed and analyzed. Results: In the experimental group, 45 out of 48 patients (93.75%) showed effectiveness, compared to 39 out of 49 patients (79.59%) in the control group. The effectiveness rate was significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Initially, the VAS scores between the two groups were similar (P > 0.05), but after 1 and 3 months of treatment, the scores decreased in both groups. However, the experimental group had a greater decrease, indicating lower pain levels (P < 0.05). The experimental group had fewer complications (8.33%) compared to the control group (24.49%), with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Satisfaction with treatment was higher in the experimental group (95.83%) compared to the control group (95.83%), resulting in an overall higher satisfaction rate in the experimental group (83.67%;P < 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment effect of endodontics with calcium hydroxide preparation is remarkable, which not only can effectively help patients to relieve their pain and reduce the incidence of complications but also plays an important role in improving patients’ satisfaction with treatment, which is worthwhile to be vigorously promoted in the clinic and learn from it.

A pan-cancer analysis of the biological function and clinical value of BTLA in tumors

B and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)plays an immunosuppressive role by inhibiting T-and B-cell functions.BTLA is associated with a variety of diseases,especially cancer immunity.However,the function of BTLA in various cancers and its clinical prognostic value have still not been comprehensively analyzed.This study aimed to identify the relationship between BTLA and cancer from the perspectives of differences in BTLA expression,its clinical value,immune infiltration,and the correlation with immune-related genes in various cancers.Data regarding mRNA expression,miRNA expression,lncRNA expression,and clinical data of patients of 33 existing cancers were collected from the TCGA database.Target miRNA of BTLA and the lncRNA that interacts with the target miRNA were obtained from the StarBase database.Based on bioinformatics analysis methods,the relationship between various types of cancers and BTLA was thoroughly investigated,and a competing endogenous RNA network of BTLA,target miRNA,and interacting lncRNA was constructed.The Kaplan-Meier(KM)prognostic analysis of BTLA and target miRNA(has-miR-137)in various types of cancers was completed using the KM plotter.BTLA expression varied in different cancers,with statistical significance in nine cancer types.KM plotter to analyze the overall survival(OS)and regression-free survival prognosis of cancer patients revealed that the BTLA expression was statistically different in the OS of 11 types of cancers out of 21 types of cancers;the OS of 8 type of cancers was also statistically different.Correlation analysis of tumor immune genes revealed a positive correlation of BTLA expression with immunosuppressive gene(CTLA4 and PDCD1)expression.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that BTLA and its co-expressed genes mainly act through biological processes and pathways,including immune response regulation,cell surface receptor signaling pathway,antigen binding,antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway,and leukocyte migration.BTLA has the potential as a prognostic marker for CLL,COAD,NSCLC,and OV and a diagnostic marker for CLL,COAD,and KIRC.BTLA has a close and complex relationship with the occurrence and development of tumors,and cancer immunotherapy for BTLA is worthy of further analysis.

Underlying mechanisms and clinical potential of circRNAs in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most malignant form of glioma and is difficult to diagnose,leading to high mortality rates.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure.CircRNAs are involved in various pathological processes and have been revealed to be important regulators of GBM pathogenesis.CircRNAs exert their biological effects by 4 different mechanisms:serving as sponges of microRNAs(miRNAs),serving as sponges of RNA binding proteins(RBPs),modulating parental gene transcription,and encoding functional proteins.Among the 4 mechanisms,sponging miRNAs is predominant.Their good stability,broad distribution and high specificity make circRNAs promising biomarkers for GBM diagnosis.In this paper,we summarized the current understanding of the characteristics and action mechanisms of circRNAs,illustrated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in GBM progression and explored the possible diagnostic role of circRNAs in GBM.

Clinical Value of Hepatitis B Virus RNA Detection in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Objective:To study the clinical value of hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA(HBV-pgRNA)detection in the treatment of hepatitis B.Methods:60 patients with hepatitis B were included in the study.Serum HBV-pgRNA and HBV DNA levels in different phases of infection and during treatment were detected,and serum hepatitis B surface antigen(HbsAg)titer was detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay.DNA was extracted from liver biopsy tissue,and covalently closed circular DNA was detected to predict the therapeutic value in patients.Results:At the initial stage of treatment,the level of HBV-pgRNA in phase I,II,III,and IV showed a gradual decrease.Comparing the levels of HBV-pgRNA before and after treatment,we found that the level of HBV-pgRNA was significantly lower after treatment(P<0.05).Among the indicators for predicting HBsAg seroconversion,the accuracy of HBV-pgRNA level was 85.0%(51/60).Conclusion:The clinical value of HBV-pgRNA detection in the treatment of hepatitis B is high.

Changes and Clinical Value of Serum Cortisol Levels in Patients with Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy

Objective:To investigate the changes and the corresponding clinical value of serum cortisol levels in patients with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.Methods:In this study,90 patients with different degrees of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy who were admitted from August 2018 to August 2019 in our hospital were set as the research objects.90 cases were grouped according to the diagnostic criteria in Obstetrics and Gynecology,including 30 cases in each of the hypertension group,the preeclampsia group,and the eclampsia group.Another 30 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group.The serum cortisol levels of pregnant women in the above four groups were measured.Results:Compared with the control group,the serum cortisol levels in the other three groups were significantly increased.In perinatal outcome,compared with the control group,the three groups of patients had an increase in Apgar score,preterm birth,stillbirth rate,growth restriction rate and neonatal asphyxia rate.There were significant differences between groups(P<0.05),and showed as gestational hypertension<preeclampsia<eclampsia.Conclusion:With the exacerbation of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy,the serum cortisol level continues to increase,which has a serious adverse effect on the prognosis of the perinatal infants.

Clinical Value of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Rehabilitation After Flexor Tendon Rupture Repair of the Hand

Objective:To explore the application effect and clinical value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the rehabilitation of hand function after flexor tendon rupture repair.Methods:In this study,72 patients were selected from among patients who underwent flexor tendon rupture repair of the hand in Yancheng Third People’s Hospital from May 2018 to May 2020;the patients were randomly divided into the control group(routine hand rehabilitation training)and the experimental group(musculoskeletal ultrasound and targeted hand rehabilitation training based on examination results)by die roll,with 34 cases in each group;the hand rehabilitation of the two groups were compared.Results:The excellent and good rate of the total active motion(TAM)of the experimental group(94.44%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(69.44%)(P<0.05);before treatment,there was no significant difference in the diameter and degree of stenosis of the artery in the finger between the two groups(P>0.05);after treatment,the degree of stenosis and the diameter of the artery of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients treated with flexor tendon rupture repair of the hand,the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the rehabilitation process can significantly improve the functional recovery of the hand;therefore,it is worthy of in-depth research,promotion,and application in clinical rehabilitation.

The Clinical Value of Implementing Early Rehabilitation in the Nursing of Patients with Cerebral Infarction

Objective:This research studied the clinical value of implementing early rehabilitation in the nursing of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods:Eighty-four patients with cerebral infarction in Hubei Third People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and divided into a control group and a study group using the digital table method in which routine care and early rehabilitation care were given respectively and the effects were observed.Results:Prior to the nursing intervention,there was no significant difference in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and Barthel index between the two groups of patients,P>0.05.After the nursing intervention,the NIHSS of the study group was lower than that of the control group whereas the Barthel index,Quality of Life Scale,and patient satisfaction in the study group were higher than the control group,P<0.05.Conclusion:The implementation of early rehabilitation in the nursing of patients with cerebral infarction can effectively improve their neurological function and quality of life in addition to a higher satisfaction among them.

Adenosine triphosphate induced cell death: Mechanisms and implications in cancer biology and therapy

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)induced cell death(AICD)is a critical cellular process that has garnered substantial scientific interest for its profound relevance to cancer biology and to therapeutic interventions.This comprehensive review unveils the intricate web of AICD mechanisms and their intricate connections with cancer biology.This review offers a comprehensive framework for comprehending the multifaceted role of AICD in the context of cancer.This is achieved by elucidating the dynamic interplay between systemic and cellular ATP homeostasis,deciphering the intricate mechanisms governing AICD,elucidating its intricate involvement in cancer signaling pathways,and scrutinizing validated key genes.Moreover,the exploration of AICD as a potential avenue for cancer treatment underscores its essential role in shaping the future landscape of cancer therapeutics.

Gut Microbiota Modulation:A Viable Strategy to Address Medical Needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Transplantation

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common malignancy of the liver,posing a significant threat to public health.Although liver transplantation(LT)is an effective treatment for HCC,ischemia–reperfusion(I/R)injury,transplant rejection,and complications after LT can greatly reduce its effectiveness.In recent years,transplant oncology has come into being,a comprehensive discipline formed by the intersection and integration of surgery,oncology,immunology,and other related disciplines.Gut microbiota,an emerging field of research,also plays a crucial role.Through the microbiome–gut–liver axis,the gut microbiota has an impact on the onset and progression of HCC as well as LT.This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects HCC and its bidirectional interactions with chronic liver disease that can develop into HCC as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of the gut microbiota in HCC.In addition,gut microbiota alterations after LT were reviewed,and the relationship between the gut microbiota and liver I/R injury,the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs used,and complications after LT were discussed.In the era of LT oncology,the role of the gut microbiota in HCC and LT should be emphasized,which can provide new insights into the management of HCC and LT via gut microbiota modulation.

Efficacy of digital breast tomosynthesis combined with magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of early breast cancer

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer in China rank 120th and 163rd,worldwide,respectively.The incidence of breast cancer is on the rise;the risk increases with age but is slightly reduced after menopause.Early screening,diagnosis,and timely determination of the best treatment plan can ensure clinical efficacy and prognosis.AIM To evaluate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) combined with digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT) in diagnosing early breast cancer and the effect of breast-conserving surgery by arc incision.METHODS This study was divided into two parts.Firstly,110 patients with early breast cancer confirmed by pathological examination and 110 with benign breast diseases diagnosed simultaneously in Changzhi People’s Hospital of Shanxi Province and Shanxi Dayi Hospital from May 2019 to September 2020 were included in the breast cancer group and the benign group,respectively.Both groups underwent DBT and MRI examination,and the pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined application of DBT and MRI in the diagnosis of early breast cancer.Secondly,according to the operation method,110 patients with breast cancer were divided into either a breast-conserving group(69 patients) or a modified radical mastectomy group(41 patients).The surgical effect,cosmetic effect,and quality of life of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Among the 110 cases of breast cancer,66 were of invasive ductal carcinoma(60.00%),and 22 were of ductal carcinoma in situ(20.00%).Among the 110 cases of benign breast tumors,55 were of breast fibromas(50.00%),and 27 were of breast adenosis(24.55%).The sensitivity,specificity,and area under the curve(AUC) of DBT in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors were 73.64%,84.55%,and 0.791,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,and AUC of MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors were 84.55%,85.45%,and 0.850,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,and AUC of DBT combined with MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors were 97.27%,93.64%,and 0.955,respectively.The blood loss,operation time and hospitalization time of the breast-conserving group were significantly lower than those of the modified radical treatment group,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).After 3 mo of observation,the breast cosmetic effect of the breast-conserving group was better than that of the modified radical group,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).Before surgery,the quality-of-life scores of the breast-conserving and modified radical mastectomy groups did not differ(P > 0.05).Three months after surgery,the quality-of-life scores in both groups were higher than those before surgery(P < 0.05),and the quality-of-life score of the breast-conserving group was higher than that of the modified radical group(P < 0.05).In the observation of tumor recurrence rate two years after the operation,four patients in the breast-conserving group and one in the modified radical treatment group had a postoperative recurrence.There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups(χ2 = 0.668,P = 0.414 > 0.05).CONCLUSION MRI combined with DBT in diagnosing early breast cancer can significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy compared with the two alone.Breast-conserving surgery leads to better cosmetic breast effects and reduces the impact of surgery on postoperative quality of life.

Nonpeptide somatostatin analogs:recent advances in its application and research

Along with its wide anatomical distribution, somatostatin (SST) acts on multiple targets via a family of 5 receptors to produce a broad spectrum of biological effects. Therefore, a variety of peptide analogs have been produced and are widely used in clinical treatment. However, because of their flaws in the structure of peptide, the clinical efficacy is limited. In this review, we summarize the structure, pharmacological effects and the potential clinical value of non-peptide SST analogs. We focus on the research and development of non-peptide SST analogs since 1998, and discuss the problems and potential prospects for non-peptide SST analogs. We believe that as more non-peptide somatostatin analogs are successfully developed, the extensive clinical application of SSTs will contribute a great deal to medical science.

Clinical value-oriented research paradigm about inheritance and innovation development of TCM dominant diseases

Modern medicine has made remarkable achievements in safeguarding people’s life and health,however,it is increasingly found that in the face of complex diseases,selective targeting of single target is often difficult to produce a comprehensive rehabilitation effect,and is prone to induce drug resistance,toxic side effects.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history of clinical application,and its clinical value in the treatment of complex diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,digestive diseases,skin diseases,rheumatism and immunity diseases,and adjuvant treatment of tumors has been proven to have obvious advantages.However,its modern research is relatively lagging behind,and in the face of the aging society and the characteristics of the modern disease spectrum,the traditional knowledge-driven research paradigm seems to be stuck in a bottleneck and difficult to make greater breakthroughs.Focusing on the key issues of TCM development in the new era,the clinical value-oriented strategy becomes to be a new research paradigm of TCM inheritance and innovation development,and dominant diseases would be the focus of the TCM inheritance and innovation development,which has been highly valued in recent years by the TCM academia and the relevant national management departments.Based on the clinical value,a series of policies are formulated for the selection and evaluation of the TCM dominant diseases(TCMDD),and exploratory researches about the clinical efficacy characteristics,the modern scientific connotation interpretation were carried out.The clinical value-oriented research paradigm of TCMDD inheritance and innovation development has been initially formed,which is characterized by strong policy support as the guarantee,systematic and standardized selection and evaluation methods as the driving force,scientific and effective research on internal mechanisms as the expansion,and effective clinical guidelines and principles as the transformation,which is of great value in promoting the high-quality development of the industries and undertaking of TCM.In this paper,the main policy support,selection and evaluation methods,therapeutic effect characterization,and modern scientific connotation research strategies of TCMDD in recent years have been comprehensively sorted out,with a view to providing the healthy and benign development of the research on TCMDD.

Measuring quality of life in oculoplastic patients

AIM: To investigate if there is any published evidence of impaired quality of life in conditions which are corrected by oculoplastic surgery and whether there is proven benefit in the quality of life such procedures. ·METHODS: We searched a number of databases to determine the level of evidence available for common conditions amenable to oculoplastic surgery. Search terms concentrated on quality of life measures rather than anatomical correction of deformities. ·RESULTS: The level of evidence available for different conditions was very variable. Certain conditions had extensive research documenting reduction in quality of life,with some evidence for improvement after surgery. Some other common conditions had little or no evidence supporting of reduction in quality of life to support the need for surgery. ·CONCLUSION: The evidence is sparse for quality of life improvement after some of our most commonly performed procedures. Many of these procedures are now being identified by primary care trusts(PCTs) as of "low clinical value",and are no longer being routinely commissioned in certain parts of the UK. There is a need to address this lack of evidence to determine whether oculoplastic surgery should continue to be commissioned by PCTs.

Policy Suggestions on Procurement of Basic Infusion Against the Background of Volume Procurement

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of basic infusion packaging materials for providing suggestions on formulating basic infusion volume procurement policies.Methods Combined with market data,questionnaire surveys were used to rank different basic infusion packaging materials.Pharmacists,nurses,and experts in the field of packaging respectively assess the safety,compatibility,effectiveness,convenience,and environmental friendliness of the materials.Results and Conclusion Products with the best clinical value have a lower market share than other products with average clinical value.The best three packaging materials only account for 15%of the market share.The order of clinical value from good to bad is inner-sealed polypropylene infusion bag(BFS)>soft aseptic bag with double valves and layers>upright polypropylene infusion bag>non-PVC soft bag>plastic bottle>glass bottle.The order of market share is non-PVC soft bag>soft aseptic bag with double valves and layers>plastic bottle>vertical polypropylene infusion bag>inner-sealed polypropylene infusion bag(BFS)>glass bottle.Therefore,the clinical values of various basic infusion packaging materials are different.The following countermeasures are put forward such as separating bidding for basic infusions with different packaging materials,combining volume and price with procurement,and priority procurement of packaging materials with better clinical values.

CLINICAL VALUE OF URINARY AND SERUM PSEUDOURIDINE IN DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF PRIMARY LIVER CANCER

Urinary and serum pseudouridine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 80 patients with primary liver cancer, 32 with benign space occupying lesions of the liver, 42 with liver cirrhosis and 40 healthy subjects. Their mean urinary and serum pseudouridine levels were 39.2=11.5 nmol / /μmol creatinine and 3.4 ± 1.3 μmol / L, 24.5 = 5.4 nmol / μmol creatinine and 2.5 = 0.5 μmol / L, 22.8 ± 7.8 nmol / μmol creatinine and 2.3 = 0.4 μmol / L, 26.4 ± 4.6 nmol / μmol creatinine and 2.3 = 0.4 μmol / L, respectively. Exceeding the mean plus 2SD of pseudouridine of healthy control was considered as positive value for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer. Thus the positivity of urinary and serum pseudouridine in hepatoma was 71.3% and 70.0%, respectively. The positive rate of combined pseudouridine and alpha-fetoprotein assay was 91.3% in patients with hepatoma. Besides, pseudouridine levels could elevate before positive localization and reduce to normal levels after tumor resection. The results showed that the determination of pseudouridine is of clinical significance in the diagnosis and monitoring of primary liver cancer.

Clinical value of assessing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the early diagnosis of patients with primary liver carcinoma:a retrospective observational study

Objective:To identify potential early diagnostic markers for hepatitis B progression to primary liver carcinoma using routine immunological tests based on 6 cytokine combinations.Methods:Eight hundred and ninety-nine patients with hepatitis B progressing to early primary liver carcinoma admitted to and treated at Changhai Hospital,Naval Military Medical University,Shanghai,China between March 2015 and June 2017 were included in this observational study,including 666 patients with HBsAg^(+),HBeAb^(+),HBcAb^(+)liver carcinoma and 233 patients with HBsAg+,HBeAg+,HBcAb+liver carcinoma.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the efficiency of the different cytokine in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Changhai Hospital,Naval Military Medical University,China(approval No.CHEC2020-080)on June 6,2020.Results:Changed levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2R,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a were statistically significant(P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and Youden index for the diagnosis of primary liver carcinoma using the combination of IL-1β,IL-2R,IL-8,and TNF-α were 0.938,79.2%,96.7%,96%,82.0%,0.759,respectively.The serum alpha-fetoprotein level in patients with primary liver carcinoma was positively correlated with IL-2R(r=0.3502,P<0.001),IL-8(r=0.1558,P=0.0273),and TNF-α(r=0.2544,P<0.001)levels.The equation fitted to the results was logit(P)=0.086+0.01
IL-2R–0.001
IL-8–0.033
TNF-α–0.041
IL-1β.Conclusion:Our study establishes a novel,potentially valuable diagnostic model based on four cytokines related to the early stages of liver carcinoma.

The Nuclear Morphometric Analysis and its Clinical Value in Esophageal Cancer

The nuclear area (A)and nuclear roundness factor (NRF) of epithelial cells of 42 esophageal cancers and 10 normal esophagus’s were measured by morphometry and the results were compared with the extent of the tumor