Endoscopic and pathological characteristics of de novo colorectal cancer:Retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Endoscopy has rapidly developed in recent years and has enabled further investigation into the origin and features of intestinal tumors.The small size and concealed position of these tumors make it difficult to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps and carcinoma in adenoma(CIA).The invasive depth and metastatic potential determine the operation regimen,which in turn affects the overall survival and distant prognosis.The previous studies have confirmed the malignant features and clinicopathological features of de novo colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To provide assistance for diagnosis and treatment,but the lack of a summary of endoscopic features and assessment of risk factors that differ from the CIA prompted us to conduct this retrospective study.METHODS In total,167 patients with small-sized CRCs diagnosed by endoscopy were reviewed.The patients diagnosed as advanced CRCs and other malignant cancers or chronic diseases that could affect distant outcomes were excluded.After screening,63 cases were excluded,including 33 de novo and 30 CIA cases.Patient information,including their follow-up information,was obtained from an electronic His-system.The characteristics between two group and risk factors for invasion depth were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 software.RESULTS Nearly half of the de novo CRCs were smaller than 1 cm(n=16,48.5%)and the majority were located in the distal colon(n=26,78.8%).The IIc type was the most common macroscopic type of de novo CRC.In a Pearson analysis,the differential degree,Sano,JNET,and Kudo types,surrounding mucosa,and chicken skin mucosa(CSM)were correlated with the invasion depth(P<0.001).CSM was a significant risk factor for deep invasion and disturbed judgment of endoscopic ultrasound.A high degree of tumor budding and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are accompanied by malignancy.Finally,de novo CRCs have worse outcomes than CIA CRCs.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study to analyze the features of de novo CRCs to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps.It is also the first study paying attention to CSM invasive depth measurement.This study emphasizes the high metastatic potential of de novo CRCs and highlights the need for more research on this tumor type.

Clinical manifestation, imageological and pathological characteristics of Wernicke encephalopathy

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of Wernicke encephalopathy(WE) are atypical and short of effective auxiliary examination means. The effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of WE have been reported successively. But its imageological detection needs to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of clinical manifestations, skull MRI examination and pathological results in patients with WE. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: The General Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Ten patients of WE admitted to the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA were recruited. Among them, five patients were diagnosed pathologically after death. Their pathological changes accorded with the pathological characteristics of WE. The other 5 patients were diagnosed clinically before death. Their pathological changes accorded with clinical and imageological manifestations and had definite reaction to the treatment of thiamine. Ten patients, 7 males and 3 females, were aged (47±13) years ranging from 33 to 73 years. Their disease courses averaged 6 weeks ranging from 3 to 10 weeks. They all were non-alcoholics. Four patients developed WE after acute pancreatitis, two patients after the recurrence of gastric cancer, two patients after cholecystectomy, one patient after hepatitis medicamentosa, one patient after Alzheimer disease. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients and their relatives. METHODS: After admission, clinical manifestations of patients were observed and recorded. Five patients underwent skull MRI examination and their detected results were recorded. Five dead patients underwent autopsy and brain pathological examinations. Neuropathological examination involved cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical manifestations, MRI examination results, pathological analysis results and prognosis of all the patients. RESULTS: Ten patients with WE were involved in the final analysis. ①Nine patients presented various degrees of mental and conscious disturbance. Six patients initially presented vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. Five patients showed opthalmoplegia. Three patients presented hypotension (BP < 120/60 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa). Two patients showed ataxia. One patient showed severe polyneuropathy. Both lower extremities were more severe. EMG showed axonal degeneration. ②Five patients accepted skull MRI examination. Three patients showed typical high signals in periaqueductal regions and circumference of third and fourth ventriculus in T2 -weighted and flair-weighted images, two of them showed high signals in fornixes in T2 -weighted and flair-weighted images, and one of them showed high signals in optic chiasma, both mammillary bodies, and subcortical white matter. No abnormality was found in the other two patients. Two patients who accepted the supplements of thiamine showed obviously improvements in the second MRI examination. ③Macroscopically, the border between gray and white matters was clear in the coronal section of cerebrum. Congestions, edema and multiple petechial hemorrhages were found in periaqueductal regions, circumference of third and fourth ventriculus, and both mammillary bodies. Microscopically, various degrees of necrosis of parenchymal structures, loss of nerve cells and ischemic changes were found. Myelinated fibers were more affected than neurons. There were focal capillary proliferation and multiple petechial hemorrhages. Prominent astrocytic proliferations were found in gelatinous fiber staining. And demyelinations were found in myelin staining. These pathological findings were all in accord with the diagnostic criteria of WE. ④In the diagnosis before death, 4 of 5 patients who were supplemented with thiamine had obvious improvement 2 weeks later and 1 of them abandoned therapy due to progressive aggravation of jaundice caused by recurrence of stomach cancer. The other 5 patients who were not diagnosed definitely before death and not supplemented with thiamine died. Final diagnosis was performed in autopsy examination. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations of this group of WE patients are atypical. MRI and pathological examination results are corresponding, and both have the characteristic manifestations of WE.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEROSAL TYPES, PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FREE CANCER CELLS IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY OF GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS

The relationship between free cancer cells and the pathological characteristics of gastric cancer were studied. Of 100 cases of gastric cancer, free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity were detected in 32 cases (32%). Free cancer cells were most often found in tendonoid (62.2%) and colour diffused (60.0%) serosal types. When the area of serosal invasion was over 20 cm, the positive free cancer cell rate was 56.6% and only 2.5% if below 20 cm. Free cancer cells were related to the depth of cancer infiltration, often found in the S2 and S3 invasion layers, as well as to the pathological characteristics of gastric cancer. Free cancer cells were often seen in infiltrated type cancer, histologically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. and nest or diffused growth types. In patients without peritoneal metastasis (P0), the positive rate was 26.1%. This study proved that Chen's serosal classification is correct and useful in assessing whether the cancer cells have penetrated through the serosa or not during surgery. Different treatments should be used in the cases with different serosal types. In addition to surgery, destruction of free cancer cells should be considered in tendonoid and colour diffused serosal types, so as to prevent peritoneal metastasis.

Expression of DLK1 protein and its correlation with renal cell carcinoma pathological characteristics

Objective To identify the expression of DLK1 protein in different types of renal cell carcinomas and its correlations with pathological characteristics and metastasis. Methods Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of DLK1 protein in

Clinical and pathological features in 49 elderly patients with meningiomas

BACKGROUND： As aging in elderly people, their brain tissue has degeneration and brain atrophy of different severity, and the volume of cranial cavity is relatively enlarged, it has greater compensatory ability to the space occupying lesion, and it is difficult to detect the meningioma because it grows to expand slowly, the tumor locates in non-functional region, and there are atypical symptoms and deficiency of localization signs. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the clinicopathologic features of senile meningiomas. DESIGN： A retrospective analysis. SETTING： Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University. PARTICIPANTS： Forty-nine elderly patients with meningioma were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from May 1999 to March 2005, including 15 males and 34 females, 60-74 years of age, and they were all diagnosed by CT and MRI. METHODS： The sites of tumors were identified by CT and MRI examinations in all the patients. The tumors were partially or totally resected according to their own conditions. The types of the resected tumor were pathologically observed. The conditions of postoperative recovery were observed after 1, 3 and 6 months, and without new neurological dysfunction or complication was considered as good outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Sites and pathological types of the tumor; ② Postoperative outcomes and complications. RESULTS： All the 49 patients were involved in the analysis of results. ① The tumors had wide distributions with a main location in brain convexity. Among the 49 cases of meningioma, there were 25 cases of fibrocystic type, 12 cases of meningothelial type, 6 cases of psammomatous type, 4 cases of angiomatous type and 2 cases of microcystic type. ② Among the 49 patients, 35 had good outcome, 8 had self-care ability, 4 required care by others, 2 （4.1%） died postoperatively. No long-term complication related to the operation was observed during the follow-up postoperatively. CONCLUSION： Meningioma has a main location in brain convexity, and its pathological type is mainly fibrocystic one, and there is good operative outcome.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF 5785 CASES WITH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TUMORS

Objective; To study the characteristics and tendency of incidence of patients with respiratory system tumors during the past 23 y in Tianjin. Methods： All data in our research was obtained from the surgical pathology files of Department of Pathology of the general and the Second Hospitals of Tianjin Medical University between 1981 and 2003. All data was analyzed by Spss 11.5 statistics program. The comparisons were made by u-test, P〈0.05 was considered as significant. Results： 1. The detection rate of malignant tumors is significantly higher than that of benign tumors （U=52.68, p=0.000） in respiratory system. 2. The common sites of benign tumors are nose and pharynx, but the common sites of malignant tumors are lung and larynx. 3. The incidence of benign tumors generally peaks between the ages of 40 and 50, but the incidence of malignant tumor generally peaks between the ages of 50 and 60. 4. The commonest histological type of malignant tumors is squamous cell carcinoma, but the commonest histological type of benign tumors is papilloma. 5. The detection rate of malignant lung tumors steadily increased between 1981 and 1999 and increased sharply from 1999 to 2003, but the detection rate of malignant Nasopharyngeal tumors steadily decreased from 1981 to 2003. Between 1981 and 1997, the detection rate of malignant laryngeal tumors steadily increased, followed by a decrease between 1997 and 2003. Conclusion： The detection rate of malignant respiratory system tumors especially lung cancer is gradually increasing. Therefore early prevention and treatment are critical to patients＇ prognosis.

Colorectal carcinoma in Lagos and Sagamu,Southwest Nigeria:A histopathological review

AIM： To study the frequency, gender and age distribution as well as pathological characteristics of colorectal carcinoma （CRC） in Lagos and Sagamu in SW Nigeria. METHODS： This is a retrospective pathological review of histologically diagnosed CRC from 5 laboratories inLagos ＆ Sagamu. The clinical data, such as age, sex and clinical summary were extracted from demographic information. Cases of anal cancer were excluded from this study. RESULTS： There were 420 cases （237 males and 183 females） of CRC. It peaked in the 60-69 year age group （mean： 50.7; SD： 16.2）, M：F ratio 1.3：1 and 23% occurred below 40 years. The majority was well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma 321 （76.4%）, rnucinous carcinoma 45 （10.7%） and signet ring carcinoma 5 （1.2%）, and more common in patients under 40 years compared to well differentiated tumors. The recto-sigmoid colon was the most common site （58.6%）. About 51% and 34% of cases presented at TNM stages Ⅱand Ⅲ, respectively. CONCLUSION： CRC is the commonest malignant gastrointestinal （GIT） tumor most commonly located in the recto-sigmoid region. The age and sex prevalence and histopathological features concur with reports from other parts of the world.

Clinic pathological features and prognosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma

Objective:To investigate clinic pathological peculiarities and evaluate the prognosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma.Methods:Patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and Guangxing Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2008 to 2013 were retrospectively selected.Results:A total of 73 female patients were reviewed,including 41 cases of purely epithelial type and 32 cases of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal type.Median tumor size was 4.6cm.Forty-three patients(58.8%)presented with lymph node metastasis,84.9%of cases were in advanced TNM stage,and 60.2%of cases were overexpressed by Ki-67.At a median follow-up of 59 months,median overall survival and disease-free survival were 59.7 and 43.9 months,respectively.Five-year overall survival rate was 45.2%and disease-free survival rate was 30.1%,and 76.7%of patients had recurrence or metastasis.Univariate analysis showed that tumor size,lymph node,and radiotherapy were associated with overall survival and disease-free survival(P<0.05),while Ki-67 over-expression was correlated with overall survival(P<0.05).With multivariate analysis,tumor size,lymph node,and radiotherapy affected prognosis(P<0.05);however,pathological typing was not an independent prognostic factor(P>0.05).Conclusion:Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor with large tumor,high lymph node metastasis rate,staging relatively late,high local recurrence and distant metastasis rate.The treatment follows the principle of comprehensive treatment based on surgery,but the prognosis is poor.Tumor size,lymph node,and radiotherapy treatment affect the prognosis.Overexpression of Ki-67 can be used as a potential diagnostic,therapeutic and prognostic indicator for metaplastic breast cancer.

Microvascular structural changes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma pathology according to intrapapillary capillary loop types under magnifying endoscopy

BACKGROUND The intrapapillary capillary loop(IPCL)characteristics,visualized using magnifying endoscopy,are commonly assessed for preoperative evaluation of the infiltration depth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Japan Esophageal Society(JES)classification is the most widely used classification.Microvascular structural changes are evaluated by magnifying endoscopy for the presence or absence of each morphological factor:tortuosity,dilatation,irregular caliber,and different shapes.However,the pathological characteristics of IPCLs have not been thoroughly investigated,especially the microvascular structures corresponding to the deepest parts of the lesions'infiltration.AIM To investigate differences in pathological microvascular structures of ESCC,which correspond to the deepest parts of the lesions'infiltration.METHODS Patients with ESCC and precancerous lesions diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled between January 2019 and April 2023.Patients first underwent magnified endoscopic examination,followed by endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical treatment.Pathological images were scanned using a threedimensional slice scanner,and the pathological structural differences in different types,according to the JES classification,were analyzed using nonparametric tests and t-tests.RESULTS The 35 lesions were divided into four groups according to the JES classification:A,B1,B2,and B3.Statistical analyses revealed significant differences(aP<0.05)in the short and long calibers,area,location,and density between types A and B.Notably,there were no significant differences in these parameters between types B1 and B2 and between types B2 and B3(P>0.05).However,significant differences in the short calibers,long calibers,and area of IPCL were observed between types B1 and B3(aP<0.05);no significant differences were found in the density or location(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Pathological structures of IPCLs in the deepest infiltrating regions differ among various IPCL types classified by the JES classification under magnifying endoscopy,especially between the types A and B.

Etiology, Pathology, Management and Prognosis of Chronic Pancreatitis in Chinese Population: A Retrospective Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the etiology, pathological characteristics, management and prognosis of chronic pancreatitis in the Chinese population. The clinical data of 142 patients with chronic pancreatitis were retrospectively studied. All patients were of Chinese nationality and hospitalized from January 2008 to December 2011. Their ages ranged from 14 to 76 years, with a mean of 43 years. Of 142 patients, there were 72 cases of obstructive chronic pancreatitis（50.70%）, 19 cases of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis（13.38%）, 14 cases of autoimmune pancreatitis（9.86%） and 37 cases of undetermined etiology（26.06%）. Pathologically, the average inflammatory mass diameter was 3.8±3.3 cm, biliary obstruction occurred in 36 cases, gall stones in 70 cases, calcification in 88 cases, ductal dilatation in 61 cases, side branch dilatation in 32 cases, ductal irregularity in 10 cases, lymphocytic inflammation in 23 cases, obliterative phlebitis in 14 cases, extra pancreatic lesion in 19 cases and fibrosis in 142 cases. Location of pancreatic lesion in the region of head（n=97）, neck（n=16）, body（n=12）, tail（n=15） and whole pancreas（n=2） influenced the choice of surgical procedures. Ninety-four patients（66.20%） received surgical treatment and 33.80% received other treatments. After operation, 80.85% of 94 patients experienced decreased pain, and 8.51% of 94 showed recovery of endocrine function but with a complication rate of 12.77%. All the operations were performed successfully. According to the pain scale of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer（QLQ-C30） a decrease from 76±22 to 14±18 was observed. Etiology, pathological characteristics, management and prognosis of chronic pancreatitis in the Chinese population vary from others.

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy: clinical features and pathological characteristics in Chinese

Background Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG), once recognized as a rare glomerular disease, has been reported around the world in recent years. In this study, we reported 8 patients of LPG and aimed to explore the clinical features and pathological characteristics of LPG under light microscope, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscope.Methods Clinical manifestations were recorded on the day of renal biopsy. Biochemical patterns of lipids and lipoproteins were detected by routine examination. Plasma concentrations of apo B and apo E were determined by radial immunodiffusion assays. Biopsy specimens were then processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemical staining for immunoglobulins and complement components, and electron microscopy. Glomerular deposition of apo A, B, and E were detected using monoclonal antibodies on cryostatic sections.Results All of the eight patients presented with edema, microscopic hematuria, severe proteinuria, anemia, and enlarged kidney size. Biochemical profiles revealed high levels of triglycerides, apo B, and apo E. We noted increments of glomerular size and lipoprotein thrombi occupying capillary lumina in the glomeruli of all patients. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the thrombi were strongly positive for apo A, B, and E. Granules and various sizes of vacuoles were observed in the thrombi under electron microscope.Conclusion Compared with previous reports on LPG in other countries, unique clinical and pathological features were found in this group of Chinese LPG patients.

Cytokine levels and pathological characteristics of a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019:a case report

To the Editor:The clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)appears to be wide,ranging from asymptomatic to severe progressive pneumonia with respiratory failure,multiorgan failure,and even death.Here,we investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of a patient who died from severe COVID-19.Our findings will facilitate a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19 and improve clinical strategies to combat the disease.On January 23,2020,a 57-year-old man without relevant history presented with fatigue and fever after attending a family party 2 days prior.Among the members of the family party,one relative had traveled from Wuhan.Over 9 days,the fever and cough developed,and the patient visited the emergency department.A throat swab was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-COV-2)on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.He was admitted to the local hospital and received supportive therapies,anti-viral agents,atomized inhalation of interferon-γ,and oxygen therapy.Cough,fever,and dyspnea further developed on February 8.He received non-invasive mechanical ventilation therapy.On February 18,he was transferred to a superior hospital with shortness of breath.

Association of secretory IgA with clinical pathological characteristics and complement activation in IgA nephropathy

Objective To further investigate the association among clinical pathology,complement activation and renal secretory IgA(SIgA)deposition in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN).Methods The activation of serum complements was detected by immunoturbidimetry and ELISA.Renal deposition of SIgA and activation of complements were detected by immunofluorescence.

脑小血管病的诊治现状及未来探索之路

脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)是一组临床、影像、病理综合征,主要累及颅内小血管,起病隐匿。CSVD与卒中、认知下降、情感障碍、步态异常及尿便失禁密切相关,给家庭和社会带来沉重的疾病负担和经济负担。但CSVD的致病机制仍不明确,临床诊断标准不统一,临床诊疗和试验研究面临重大挑战。本文旨在汇总当前CSVD的可能病因、发病机制和临床诊疗研究的进展及局限性,展望CSVD未来可能的临床研究方向。

发生全身转移的成人胶质母细胞瘤临床及分子病理特征:个体数据汇总分析

目的评估成人胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)脑脊髓神经轴外全身转移的临床及分子病理特征。方法在“PubMed”“Embase”和“Web of Science”数据库中检索截至2023年12月31日报道的发生全身转移的成人GBM病例,收集汇总其临床特征,同时汇总分析报道的分子病理结果以评估转移发生的可能机制。结果通过数据库检索纳入1928年-2023年的113篇文献,共147例全身转移病例。男性多于女性,男女比例为2.3∶1;中位年龄45岁;转移灶几乎可见于全身各个部位,其中常见的转移部位为骨、肺及淋巴结;自GBM初次诊断至转移发生的中位间隔约10个月;自转移发生至患者死亡的中位间隔约4.5个月;中位总体生存约14.8个月。多因素分析显示年龄≤40岁、全切除以及未合并颅内复发与患者生存显著正相关。约39例患者(39/147,26.5%)报道了基因检测的结果。不同的研究所检测的基因项目存在区别,而且不同病例之间检测的基因结果呈现明显异质性。从报道的数量及阳性比例来看,异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)野生型(阳性率27/30)、TERT启动子突变(阳性率11/13)、PTEN突变(阳性率10/11)、TP53突变(阳性率10/13)和RB1突变(阳性率8/9)为相对常见的基因突变。结论成人GBM脑脊髓神经轴外全身转移罕见,年轻患者相对多见,颅内病变的复发或进展仍为决定患者生存的关键因素。转移的发生应为多克隆基因突变进展的结果,其中,促增殖、促侵袭类基因改变例如癌基因或抑癌基因突变以及上皮间质转化类相关基因可能发挥了重要作用。

CT纹理分析对胃癌组织病理特征的术前评估价值

目的探究CT纹理分析对胃癌组织病理特征的术前评估价值。方法回顾性分析本院2021年3月~2023年3月本院收治的103例胃癌患者资料,患者在手术治疗前均接受CT检查,并采用纹理分析软件获取患者动脉以及静脉期CT纹理参数,并比较不同TNM分期患者纹理参数差异,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估纹理参数对胃癌分期的诊断效能。结果动脉期以及门脉期T_(1-2)组与T_(3-4)组平均值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但T_(3-4)组峰度值、熵值均显著高于T_(1-2)组,偏度值低于T_(1-2)组(P<0.05)。动脉期以及门脉期N0组与N_(1-3)组平均值、偏度值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但N_(1-3)组峰度值、熵值显著高于N0组(P<0.05)。动脉期CT纹理峰度值、偏度值、熵值诊断T分期的AUC为0.755、0.955及0.747(P<0.05),门脉期CT纹理峰度值、偏度值、熵值诊断T分期的AUC为0.959、0.871及0.872(P<0.05)。动脉期CT纹理峰度值、偏度值诊断N分期的AUC为0.899、0.702(P<0.05),门脉期CT纹理峰度值、偏度值诊断N分期的AUC为0.924、0.758(P<0.05)。结论CT纹理分析对胃癌TNM分析诊断评估效果良好,可用于临床指导胃癌患者治疗。

宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与临床病理特征及预后关系

目的:探讨宫颈癌患者血清鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与临床病理特征及预后关系。方法:纳入2018年1月-2023年1月本院收治的108例宫颈癌患者为宫颈癌组,宫颈上皮内瘤病变(CIN)患者108例为CIN组,健康体检健康女性108例为对照组。比较3组血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平,分析宫颈癌组血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与临床病理特征及与预后关系。结果:血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平,宫颈癌组(7.35±1.76、4.65±1.06)、CIN组(2.06±0.53、3.41±0.89)、对照组(0.54±0.12、1.53±0.34)依次降低(P<0.05)。宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与病理类型、FIGO分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度和盆腔淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier显示,SCC-Ag、NLR高表达组总生存率、无病生存率均低于SCC-Ag、NLR低表达组,SCC-Ag高表达+NLR高表达组总生存率、无病生存率最低(均P<0.05)。结论:宫颈癌患者血清SCC-Ag、NLR水平与病理类型、FIGO分期、病理分级和肌层浸润深度等有关,且SCC-Ag、NLR水平越高患者预后越差。

非小细胞肺癌病人血清miR-326和miR-623表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病人血清微小RNA-326(miR-326)和微小RNA-623(miR-623)表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法2019年3月~2020年6月本院确诊的NSCLC病人114例为病例组,同期123例体检健康者为对照组。根据3年生存情况将病人分为生存组(71例)和死亡组(43例)。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组病人入院时血清中miR-326和miR-623表达水平;采用Kaplan-Meier法分析NSCLC病人血清miR-326和miR-623表达水平与病人3年预后的关系;ROC曲线分析血清miR-326和miR-623表达水平对NSCLC病人预后不良的预测价值;采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析NSCLC病人3年预后的影响因素。结果病例组和对照组血清miR-326分别为0.64±0.15和1.02±0.23,miR-623表达水平分别为0.56±0.10和0.98±0.15,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肿瘤低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移的miR-326和miR-623低表达病人比例高于肿瘤中高分化、TNM分期Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移的病人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NSCLC病人血清中miR-326和miR-623低表达病人3年生存率(36.36%,44.26%)低于miR-326和miR-623高表达病人(86.44%,83.02%),差异有统计学意义(Log Rankχ^(2)=32.060,22.812,P<0.05)。死亡组和生存组血清miR-326分别为0.55±0.09和0.69±0.11,miR-623分别为0.48±0.08和0.61±0.10,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清miR-326、miR-623单独及联合预测NSCLC病人预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.828(95%CI:0.754~0.901)、0.763(95%CI:0.671~0.855)、0.903(95%CI:0.849~0.958)。死亡组TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、miR-326低表达和miR-623低表达病人比例高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。miR-326和miR-623是NSCLC病人预后的保护因素,TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移是影响NSCLC病人3年预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论miR-326和miR-623低表达可能参与肺癌的发生发展,与病人临床病理特征及不良预后有关。

膀胱癌患者根治术后合并前列腺偶发癌的临床病理特征分析

目的分析膀胱癌患者根治术后合并前列腺偶发癌的临床病理特征。方法回顾性分析行膀胱癌根治术75例患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均未被诊断为前列腺癌,统计术后前列腺偶发癌的发生率。另收集患者的年龄、膀胱癌分期等资料,统计对比合并前列腺偶发癌与未合并前列腺偶发癌患者各项临床资料的差异;同时统计分析合并前列腺偶发癌患者的病理特点;于术后进行随访,统计所有患者的生存率。结果75例患者中,合并前列腺偶发癌的共有18例,发生率为24.00%(18/75);合并前列腺偶发癌的患者年龄高于未合并前列腺偶发癌患者,有统计学差异(P<0.05);而两组术前的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)、前列腺特异抗原(PSA)相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05);18例合并前列腺偶发癌的患者其临床分期大部分局限于pT_(2)内,其中pT_(1)有10例(55.56%),pT_(2)有5例(27.78%),pT 3有3例(16.67%);采用Gleason score评分对患者评估,其中<7分11例(61.11%)、=7分5例(27.78%)、>7分2例(11.11%);术后随访成功60例,生存率为80.00%(60/75),其中11例死于膀胱癌,4例死于其他疾病。结论膀胱癌根治术后前列腺偶发癌的发生率较高,大多局限于pT_(2)内,且Gleason score评分多数≤7分,前列腺偶发癌的发生对膀胱癌患者总体生存率无显著影响。

Caspase-9和CMYC在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及与患者病理特征和预后的关系

目的探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)和细胞性骨髓细胞瘤病病毒癌基因(CMYC)在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)组织中的表达及其与患者病理特征和预后的关系。方法选取2017年2月至2020年2月周口市中心医院收治的60例DLBCL患者纳入研究,比较DLBCL肿瘤组织及病灶旁正常组织的Caspase-9、CMYC表达水平,分析Caspase-9、CMYC表达与临床病理特征的关系,比较预后良好和预后不良患者的临床病理特征、Caspase-9、CMYC表达水平,采用二元Logistic回归分析DLBCL患者预后不良的影响因素。结果DLBCL患者肿瘤组织中Caspase-9阳性率为43.33%,明显低于正常组织的80.56%,CMYC阳性率为36.67%,明显高于正常组织的13.88%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ann Arbor分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、国际预后指数(IPI)评分0~2分患者DLBCL肿瘤组织Caspase-9阳性率明显高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期和3~4分患者,CMYC阳性率低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、3~4分患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良患者Ann Arbor分期中Ⅲ~Ⅳ期占比、IPI评分中3~4分占比、CMYC阳性表达占比分别为73.08%、65.38%、69.23%,均高于预后良好组的35.29%、32.35%、11.76%,Caspase-9阳性表达占比为23.08%,低于预后良好组的58.82%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ann Arbor分期、IPI评分、Caspase-9、CMYC均为影响DLBCL患者预后不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05),其中Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期预后不良风险是Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的9.008倍;IPI评分3~4分预后不良风险是0~2分的10.298倍;Caspase-9表达阳性预后不良风险是阴性的0.622倍;CMYC表达阳性预后不良风险是阴性的19.922倍。结论Caspase-9、CMYC异常表达参与DLBCL的进展,与肿瘤恶性程度有关,且Caspase-9、CMYC异常表达是DLBCL预后不良的独立影响因素,对DLBCL预后具有一定的预测价值,可作为预测DLBCL患者预后的参考指标。