DxR clinicians在三年级本科生问诊及临床思维训练方面的应用与探索

利用DxR clinicians软件对三年级本科生进行问诊及临床思维训练课程,学生普遍认为该课程有利于提高学生问诊思路及临床思维的培养,有利于临床岗位胜任力及医患沟通能力、职业道德培养,有利于提高学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。该软件应用可在其他年级教学、培训及考试中适当推广.

Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapies in Comprehensive Hospitals in Central China: A Parallel Survey in Cancer Patients and Clinicians

Summary： Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）, as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice （HS） and Chinese patent drug （CPD） are commonly used CHM in China. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of CHM among clinicians and cancer patients in central China. Five hundred and twenty-five patients and 165 clinicians in 35 comprehensive hospitals in central China were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the use of CHM. The results showed that 90.74% clinicians and 72.24% cancer patients used CHM during cancer treatment. The educational backgrounds of the clinicians and the age, education level, annual income, and cancer stage of the cancer patients were re- lated to use of CHM. More than 90% clinicians and cancer patients had used CPD. Comparatively, the percentage of HS use was 10% lower than that of CPD use among clinicians and cancer patients. More clinicians preferred to use CHM after surgery than cancer patients did （20.41% vs. 5.37%）. Enhancing physical fitness and improving performance status were regarded as the most potential effect of CHM on cancer treatment （85.71% among clinicians and 94.07% among cancer patients）, in comparison with directly killing tumor cells （24.49% among clinicians and 31.36% among patients）. As for refusal rea- sons, imprecise efficacy was the unanimous （100%） reason for clinicians＇ rejection of CHM, and 95.58% patients objected to using CHM also for this reason. Furthermore, the side effects of CHM were more concerned by clinicians than by patients （33.33% vs. 15.81%）. In conclusion, our survey revealed that CHM was popularly accepted by clinicians and cancer patients in central China. The reasons of use and rejection of CHM were different between clinicians and cancer patients.

The Eighth Working Meeting of Serial Periodicals of the People's Medical Publishing House and the Meeting of the Ninth Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal for Clinicians and the Second Editorial Board of Global Health Journal were successfully convened

On March 15,2019,in order to study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech on deepening reform and cultivating worldclass scientific and technological journals,the eighth working meeting of serial periodicals of the People's Medical Publishing House (PMPH),meeting of the ninth editorial board of the Chinese Journal for Clinicians,and the second editorial board of the Global Health Journal were held in Beijing.

Tips for clinicians in selecting a research topic and getting it published

How to select a research topic that is appropriate for a clinician and that can lead to a peer-reviewed publication?In this essay,I will provide 5 tips:keep it interesting,keep it relevant,keep it inclusive,keep it simple,and keep it trying.Keep it

基于OBE理念的内科学课程考核评价模式探索

随着医学教育改革深入进展,传统的内科学课程考核方式已不能满足当前医学人才培养的需求。目前内科学课程考核模式存在考核内容与学习成果联系不紧密,考核模式相对单一的困境。为克服以上短板,文章设计基于成果导向教育(outcomes-based education,OBE)理念的内科学考核评价模式,融入“DxR Clinician临床思维训练测评”和“临床操作技能直接观察评估(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)”“客观结构化临床考试(objective structure clinical examination,OSCE)”“迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)”等多种考核手段,建立考核标准化模块,这既符合新医科教学理念,又满足高层次临床医学教育特点,有利于加强理论与实践的结合,推进医学思维知识体系的构建,提升学生的综合素质,是一次对课程考核模式改革有益的教学尝试。

Clinicians’prescription preferences for treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Shanghai

Background:China has more cases of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)than any other country in the world.As training to recognize and manage dementia is in its early stage,it is important to study clinicians’current prescription preferences for treating patients with AD.Methods:This study surveyed neurologists,psychiatrists,and general physicians(GPs)in Shanghai who had outpatients with AD,using a questionnaire asking about their prescription preferences for these patients.Results:Among the 148 clinicians in the study,26.4%were psychiatrists,44.6%were neurologists,and 29.1%were GPs.The groups did not differ significantly in age,gender,or their monthly cases of new patients with mild or moderate AD(P>0.05).Most clinicians prescribed Cholinesterase inhibitors(ChEIs),including Huperzine A,but there were significant group-differences in prescribing specific ChEIs(P<0.05).The daily dosages of ChEI and Memantine prescribed by all three groups were small(P>0.05),and all three groups prescribed piracetam,ergot,and ginkgo biloba drugs.All three groups also tended to treat AD patients with a combination of antidepressants and anxiolytics,although psychiatrists were significantly more likely than neurologists to combine antipsychotics with other drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion:Clinicians in Shanghai prescribed low doses of ChEIs and Memantine for patients with AD.A relatively high proportion also prescribed cognitive enhancers,which lack evidence-based support of their use,and antipsychotics.There is a need for more training about treating patients with AD and for clinicians to standardize their clinical practice.

DxR Clinician结合SP在医学生临床思维教学中的应用

目的:探讨DxR Clinician虚拟教学结合标准化病人的教学方法在医学生临床思维教学中的应用效果。方法:选取海南医学院2020级临床新医科(1)班和(2)班,分为试验组和对照组,分别采用基于DxR Clinician虚拟教学结合标准化病人教学法和标准化病人教学法,通过临床思维能力、医患沟通能力、心理状态来评价教学效果。结果:试验组学生的临床思维能力、医患沟通能力得分高于对照组;自我感知心理状态得分低于对照组。结论:DxR Clinician虚拟教学结合标准化病人教学方法,适用于三年级临床医学本科生诊断学教学,可有效地培养学生的问诊、临床思维能力,提升医患沟通能力、减轻学生医患沟通时的心理压力,值得在以后的教学中进一步推广使用。

DxR Clinician软件在神经内科护理实践中学生临床思维培养的应用评价

目的分析和探讨DxR Clinician软件在神经内科中护生临床思维培养的应用。方法选取神经内科86名实习护生作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组。观察组实施DxR Clinician软件教学模式,对照组实施传统带教模式。分析两组护生的评判性思维、临床决策能力、理论和操作考试成绩及满意度。结果观察组护生评判性思维的5个维度(创新能力、总结能力、认知能力、分析能力、自信能力)与对照组护生有显著差异;两组护生临床决策能力的4个方面(发现问题、决断方案能力、实施决策能力和评价反馈能力)有显著差异;观察组护生的理论和操作考试成绩高于对照组;两组护生对教学工作的满意度有差异。结论DxR Clinician软件让护生通过扮演临床护士进行角色职业训练,提高护生的评判性思维和临床决策能力;同时,应用此软件给护生带来身临其境的学习体验,提高了其临床知识储备量和满意度。

DxR Clinician教学在全科专业规培学员临床思维能力培养中的作用

于2022年1月31日至2023年2月28日,将同济大学附属同济医院的30名全科专业住院医师规范化培训学员以随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组均为15人。试验组应用DxR Clinician(简称DxR)系统进行9次虚拟诊疗课程;对照组以CBL(基于病例的学习)病例讨论形式进行9次相应主题的讨论课。应用满意度调查表了解两组规培学员对各自授课方式的满意度情况,同时应用年度考核成绩评估教学效果。实践表明,应用DxR系统的教学形式有助于提高全科规培学员的临床思维能力和自主学习能力,值得在全科医师规范化培训中广泛推广。

New evidence-based practice:Artificial intelligence as a barrier breaker

The concept of evidence-based practice has persisted over several years and remains a cornerstone in clinical practice,representing the gold standard for optimal patient care.However,despite widespread recognition of its significance,practical application faces various challenges and barriers,including a lack of skills in interpreting studies,limited resources,time constraints,linguistic competencies,and more.Recently,we have witnessed the emergence of a groundbreaking technological revolution known as artificial intelligence.Although artificial intelligence has become increasingly integrated into our daily lives,some reluctance persists among certain segments of the public.This article explores the potential of artificial intelligence as a solution to some of the main barriers encountered in the application of evidence-based practice.It highlights how artificial intelligence can assist in staying updated with the latest evidence,enhancing clinical decision-making,addressing patient misinformation,and mitigating time constraints in clinical practice.The integration of artificial intelligence into evidence-based practice has the potential to revolutionize healthcare,leading to more precise diagnoses,personalized treatment plans,and improved doctor-patient interactions.This proposed synergy between evidencebased practice and artificial intelligence may necessitate adjustments to its core concept,heralding a new era in healthcare.

Clinical utilities and end-user experience of pharmacogenomics:39 mo of clinical implementation experience in an Australian hospital setting

BACKGROUND Pharmacogenomics(PG)testing is under-utilised in Australia.Our research provides Australia-specific data on the perspectives of patients who have had PG testing and those of the clinicians involved in their care,with the aim to inform wider adoption of PG into routine clinical practice.AIM To investigate the frequency of actionable drug gene interactions and assess the perceived utility of PG among patients and clinicians.METHODS We conducted a retrospective audit of PG undertaken by 100 patients at an Australian public hospital genetics service from 2018 to 2021.Via electronic surveys we compared and contrasted the experience,understanding and usage of results between these patients and their clinicians.RESULTS Of 100 patients who had PG,84% were taking prescription medications,of which 67% were taking medications with actionable drug-gene interactions.Twenty-five out of 81 invited patients and 17 out of 89 invited clinicians completed the surveys.Sixty-eight percent of patients understood their PG results and 48% had medications changed following testing.Paired patient-clinician surveys showed patient-perceived utility and experience was positive,contrasting their clinicians’hesitancy on PG adoption who identified insufficient education/training,lack of clinical support,test turnaround time and cost as barriers to adoption.CONCLUSION Our dichotomous findings between the perspectives of our patient and clinician cohorts suggest the uptake of PG is likely to be driven by patients and clinicians need to be prepared to provide information and guidance to their patients.

虚拟病例教学软件PUMC-DxR Clinician的初步试用和评估

目的探索虚拟病例教学软件在国内医学教育中的应用。方法在医学生中募集志愿试用者41名(见习生23名和实习生18名),对PUMC-DxR Clinician软件进行为期5周的试用,共10份虚拟病例。试用结束后,填写软件试用评估问卷。结果试用者总体评价(3.71±0.72)分,新颖性(4.66±0.62)分,易用性(3.51±0.87)分,实用性(4.00±0.87)分,各项得分均显著大于3分。适用场景及人群方面,95.1%的试用者赞成用于见习、实习或初年住院医生;80.5%赞成用于教学。结论 PUMC DxR Clinician虚拟病例教学软件在本次试用中体现了较好的实用性和易用性,其价值主要体现在临床思维的培养。

DxR Clinician模拟教学在血液科临床实践中的应用初探

通过在血液科实施DxR Clinician(简称:DxR)模拟教学,了解医学生对其认可程度,评价其在血液内科实习中的教学效果。选择在同济大学附属同济医院的14级和15级74名实习学生为研究对象,该研究为前瞻性研究,从初期结果看,大部分学生对DxR模拟教学给予了肯定的评价,其作为一种教学方法的补充是可行的,但仍需要干预性验证。

Genetic counselling in post-genomic era-to be or not to be

With the surge of genetic tests and technologies, genetic counsellors are faced with the challenge of translating emerging scientific knowledge into practical information for patients, clinicians and public health policy makers. The new tests and technologies also are associated with new psychosocial and ethical considerations. New guidelines are needed for each new discovery of the genomic impact on phenotype, pathology and disease while "old" syndromes and "old" pathology, continue to require attention. In the new postHuman Genome Project era, genetic counsellors will be an integral part of translating genomic discoveries into beneficial impact on human disease, health care, and medical benefits. The needs for genetic counselling should be designed into genomic research at the onset. Genetic counsellors need to handle old while rapidly assimilating new information and the principal challenge is to be up to date and updated.

Addressing Human Factors in Burnout and the Delivery of Healthcare: Quality & Safety Imperative of the Quadruple Aim

Human factors in the delivery of service are considered in many occupations of high impact on others such as airline industry and nuclear power industry, but not sufficiently in healthcare delivery. A common administrative framework of healthcare involves focus upon costs, quality and patient satisfaction (The Triple Aim). Many industries which support healthcare and healthcare administrators do not have firsthand knowledge of the complexities in delivering care. As a result, the experience and human factors of providing care are often overlooked at high level decision-making unless incorporated into the healthcare delivery framework, proposed as the fourth aim of The Quadruple Aim framework. Research is pointing to consequent negative effects on quality, safety, joy, meaning and sustainability of healthcare practice. High acute occupational stress and chronic occupational stress can cause direct and indirect effects on safety and quality of care. The biological, psychological and social consequences of burnout from excessive acute and chronic occupational stress are more of a threat to healthcare than commonly acknowledged. Patient safety, quality of care and clinician well-being are inextricably linked. This report will describe the process of transition from The Triple Aim to The Quadruple Aim administrative framework of healthcare delivery at the University of Rochester Medical Center. Developing the fourth aim of improving the experience of providing care, had high acceptability and aligned with other health system goals of optimization of safety, quality, and performance by applying a human factors/ergonomic (HFE) framework that considers human capabilities and human limitations. The goal of HFE is to fit the healthcare system to the human instead of the human to the healthcare system. Concepts include removal of extraneous cognitive load, using clinician neural resource (brain power) optimally for highest order decision making in patient care. An integrative model of patient safety and clinician wellbeing is a product of this effort.

Nobel clinician软件引导上颌窦内提升术在磨牙缺失修复中的应用研究

目的:研究Nobelclinician软件引导上颌窦内提升术在磨牙缺失的应用效果,为临床应用提供指导。方法:选择2016年10月-2018年10月在笔者医院进行手术的86例上颌磨牙缺失患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。对照组:采用常规上颔窦内提升术;观察组:在Nobelclinician软件引导下进行上颌窦内提升术,两组均使用nobelreplace种植体种植。比较两组患者的种植体存留率及种植体周围组织情况[包括术前上颌窦底距牙槽嵴骨高度(Bone height of the maxillary sinus floor from the alveolar ridge,RBH)、术后6个月新骨获得量、术后1年垂直骨丧失、牙周探诊深度(Periodontal probing depth,PPD)];比较两组患者治疗后的X片检查结果及治疗满意度。结果:观察组的RBH、PPD及术后1年垂直骨丧失均显著小于对照组,术后6个月新骨获得量显著大于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后随访6个月,观察组的种植体存留率(100.00%)与对照组(94.55%)相比,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),X片检查结果显示,两组患者的种植体及周围骨组织均结合良好,术后1年均已生成新的上颌窦底壁。观察组患者的满意度(100.00%)显著高于对照组(90.70%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Nobelclinician软件引导上颌窦内提升术能够降低垂直骨丧失量,增加新骨获得量,有助于提高磨牙缺失修复的美学效果,提高患者满意度。

Promoting Clinician Well-Being and Patient Safety Using Human Factors Science: Reducing Unnecessary Occupational Stress

Our healthcare delivery system has accumulated complexity of payment, regulation systems, expectations and requirements. Often these are not designed to align with clinical thinking process flow of patient care. As a result, clinicians are utilizing enormous mental (cognitive) resource to comply with these complexities, over and above the baseline mental effort required to give good care to the patient. Recent studies suggest a significant number of physicians, advanced practice providers and nurses no longer want to stay in healthcare due to difficult work expectations and conditions that have become unreasonable. Technology has benefitted healthcare delivery, but also is a conduit of many expectations that have been grafted upon clinician workloads, exceeding the resources provided to accomplish them. Cognitive load is a measure of mental effort and is divided into Intrinsic, Germane and Extraneous Cognitive Load. Extraneous Cognitive Load (ECL) is what is not necessary and can be removed by better design. High cognitive load is associated with increased risk of both medical error and clinician burnout. Chronic high level occupational stress occurs from dealing with this job/resource imbalance and is showing serious personal health impact upon clinicians and the quality of the work they can provide for patients. Since organizational systems have become more complex, leadership methods, clinician wellbeing and patient safety efforts need to adjust to adapt and succeed. Safety efforts have tended to predominantly follow methods of a few decades ago with predominant focus upon how things go wrong (Safety I) but are now being encouraged to include more of the study of how things go right (Safety II). Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) science has been used in many industries to preserve worker wellbeing and improve system performance. Patient safety is a product of good system performance. HFE science helps inform mechanisms behind Safety I and II approach. HFE concepts augment existing burnout and safety interventions by providing a conceptual roadmap to follow that can inform how to improve the multiple human/technology, human/system, and human/work environment interfaces that comprise healthcare delivery. Healthcare leaders, by their influence over culture, resource allocation, and implementation of requirements and workflows are uniquely poised to be effective mitigators of the conditions leading to clinician burnout and latent medical error. Basic knowledge of HFE science is a strategic advantage to leaders and individuals tasked with achieving quality of care, controlling costs, and improving the experiences of receiving and providing care.

使用DxR Clinician软件对内科住院医师规范化培训临床思维能力评估初探

目的通过临床思维训练软件DxR Clinician的训练及考核,培养住院医师正确的临床思维。方法选择在杭州市第一人民医院经过临床轮转2年或2年以上的内科住院医师25人,采用DxR Clinician软件,选择软件平台内符合该院实际情况的内科5大亚专科病例进行为期5个周期的考核,对得分情况进行统计分析;在首次考核前和末次考核后进行相关问卷调查。结果该院住院医师临床思维能力评估不理想,尤其是正确决策方面(包括诊断表现、临床思维表现)欠佳;问卷调查结果显示,使用DxR Clinician软件考核后,住院医师对临床思维能力训练的重要性认知有所提高。结论使用DxR Clinician软件对住院医师进行临床思维能力的训练及考核能反映住院医师在正确决策(包括诊断表现和临床思维表现)存在不足,可结合该软件开发住院医师规范化培训新的教学模式。

Role of biomarkers for early detection of intra-abdominal sepsis: a clinician's perspective

Infection remains an universal important cause of morbidity and mortality,with the highest mortality rate for bloodstream infections（20%-70%）.[1,2]Fortunately,most community acquired infections,