Closed-Loop System Identification Approach of the Inertial Models

The mathematical model that approximates the dynamics of the industrial process is essential for the efficient synthesis of control algorithms in industrial applications. The model of the process can be obtained according to the identification procedures in the open-loop, or in the closed-loop. In the open-loop, the identification methods are well known and offer good process approximation, which is not valid for the closed-loop identification, when the system provides the feedback output and doesn’t permit it to be identified in the open-loop. This paper offers an approach for experimental identification in the closed-loop, which supposes the approximation of the process with inertial models, with or without time delay and astatism. The coefficients are calculated based on the values of the critical transfer coefficient and period of the underdamped response of the closed-loop system with P controller, when system achieves the limit of stability. Finally, the closed-loop identification was verified by the computer simulation and the obtained results demonstrated, that the identification procedure in the closed-loop offers good results in process of estimation of the model of the process.

An Integrated Multi-Echelon Model for a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network Design

The integration of entire supply and value chain into a closed loop network is gaining more importance in recent times in order to ensure a business to be economically and environmentally sustainable with the changing trends in business and social environments, growing environmental consciousness in the society and government legislations to protect the environment as well as the business. In this context, this paper considers a multi-echelon closed loop supply chain network design with forward and reverse logistics components. An attempt has been made to develop a mixed integer non-linear programming model for this problem with different costs so that the sum of the total cost is minimized subject to different constraints pertaining to capacities of the entities of the system, demands of first customers and second customers. A generalized model is presented and then its application is illustrated using an example problem by solving the model using LINGO14. This model forms as a tool to compare future meta-heuristics to check the closeness of their solutions with corresponding optimal solutions.

Model Reference Adaptive Control for Switched Systems with Closed-loop Reference Model Under Arbitrary Switching

This paper explores the model reference adaptive control problem for a class of switched linear systems under arbitrary switching with no need for the measurability of the system state.Based on the state of reference model and the measurable output error, adaptive laws and controllers are designed for switched systems.Each subsystem may have its individual reference model and controller, which increases the design flexibility.The introduction of the closed-loop reference model is to get a better transient performance of the whole switched systems.A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the main results.

Two-Phase Flow Modeling in a Single Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes

Mathematical modeling of pulsating heat pipes through ‘first’ principles is a contemporary problem which remains quite elusive. Simplifications and assumptions made in all the modeling approaches developed so far render them unsuitable for engineering design. In this paper, a more realistic modeling scheme is presented which provides considerable try for thought toward the next progressive step. At high enough heat flux level, closed loop pulsating heat pipes experience a bulk internal unidirectional fluid circulation. Under such a condition, conventional two-phase flow modeling in capillary tubes may be applied. This has been attempted for single-loop PHPs. A homogeneous model and a separated two-fluid flow model based on simultaneous conservation of mass, momentum and energy, have been developed for an equivalent ‘open flow’ system. The model allows prediction of two-phase flow parameters in each sub-section of the device thereby providing important insights into its operation. The concept of ‘void fraction constraint’ in pulsating heat pipe operation is introduced and its relevance to future modeling attempts is outlined.

A closed-loop particle swarm optimizer for multivariable process controller design

Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.

Large Deformation Analysis and Synthesis of Elastic Closed-loop Mechanism Made of a Certain Spring Wire Described by Free Curves

Recently novel mechanisms with compact size and without many mechanical elements such as bearing are strongly required for medical devices such as surgical operation devices. This paper describes analysis and synthesis of elastic link mechanisms of a single spring beam which can be manufactured by NC coiling machines. These mechanisms are expected as disposable micro forceps. Smooth Curvature Model（SCM） with 3rd order Legendre polynomial curvature functions is applied to calculate large deformation of a curved cantilever beam by taking account of the balance between external and internal elastic forces and moments. SCM is then extended to analyze large deformation of a closed-loop curved elastic beam which is composed of multiple free curved beams. A closed-loop elastic link is divided into two free curved cantilever beams each of which is assumed as serially connected free curved cantilever beams described with SCM. The sets of coefficients of Legendre polynomials of SCM in all free curved cantilever beams are determined by taking account of the force and moment balance at connecting point where external input force is applied. The sets of coefficients of Legendre polynomials of a nonleaded closed-loop elastic link are optimized to design a link mechanism which can generate specified output motion due to input force applied at the assumed dividing point. For example, two planar micro grippers with a single pulling input force are analyzed and designed. The elastic deformation analyzed with proposed method agrees very well with that calculated with FEM. The designed micro gripper can generate the desired pinching motion. The proposed method can contribute to design compact and simple elastic mechanisms without high calculation costs.

Multi-Order Intermittent Chaotic Synchronization of Closed Phase Locked Loop

For the model of a Closed Phase Locked Loop (CPLL) communication System consists of both the transmission and receiver ends. This model is considered to be in a multi-order intermittent chaotic state. The chaotic signals are then synchronized along side with our system. This chaotic synchronization will be demonstrated and furthermore, a modulation will be formed to examine the system if it will perfectly reconstruct or not. Finally we will demonstrate the synchronization conditions of the system.

Subsystem model-based close-loop grey-box identification method for hydraulic stewart platform

In order to solve the problem of difficult modeling and identification caused by time-variable parameters,multiple inputs and outputs and unstable open loop,a subsystem model-based close-loop grey-box identification method was put forward when consider the main coupling effects of hydraulic Stewart platform.Firstly,the whole system is divided into three TITO(Two Input Two Output) subsystems according to the characteristics of the pseudo-mass matrix,hence transfer function matrix model of the subsystem can also be found.Secondly,since the Stewart platform is unstable,the close-loop transfer model of the subsystem is derived under the proportional controllers.The inverse M serial is adopted as the identification signal to get the experimental data.All parameters of the subsystem are determined in close-loop indirect identification by PEM(Prediction Error Method).Finally,a case study validates the correctness and effectiveness of the subsystem model-based close-loop grey-box identification method for hydraulic Stewart platform.

基于CL-RRT与MPC的舰载机牵引系统路径规划

针对舰载机在甲板狭小、复杂环境下的调运过程,结合闭环快速随机搜索树(close loop rapidly exploring random trees,CL-RRT)和模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)提出一种舰载机牵引系统的路径规划算法。首先,在CL-RRT中采用纯追踪器与线性二次型(linear quadratic,LQ)控制器得到系统的控制输入并向前仿真得到规划路径。其次,将已得路径进行等比缩放与插值作为MPC的初始解。最后,设置MPC的目标函数等并解得最终路径。展开自定义三个场景下的仿真实验,通过与CL-RRT算法的实验结果进行比较,验证本文算法的优越性。实验结果表明,所提算法可有效解决因采样随机性带来解质量不佳的问题,提升舰载机在甲板上的调运效率与安全性。

Development and Comparison of Hybrid Genetic Algorithms for Network Design Problem in Closed Loop Supply Chain

This paper presents four different hybrid genetic algorithms for network design problem in closed loop supply chain. They are compared using a complete factorial experiment with two factors, viz. problem size and algorithm. Based on the significance of the factor “algorithm”, the best algorithm is identified using Duncan’s multiple range test. Then it is compared with a mathematical model in terms of total cost. It is found that the best hybrid genetic algorithm identified gives results on par with the mathematical model in statistical terms. So, the best algorithm out of four algorithm proposed in this paper is proved to be superior to all other algorithms for all sizes of problems and its performance is equal to that of the mathematical model for small size and medium size problems.

Literature Review on Network Design Problems in Closed Loop and Reverse Supply Chains

The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.

Data-Driven Model Identification and Control of the Inertial Systems

In the synthesis of the control algorithm for complex systems, we are often faced with imprecise or unknown mathematical models of the dynamical systems, or even with problems in finding a mathematical model of the system in the open loop. To tackle these difficulties, an approach of data-driven model identification and control algorithm design based on the maximum stability degree criterion is proposed in this paper. The data-driven model identification procedure supposes the finding of the mathematical model of the system based on the undamped transient response of the closed-loop system. The system is approximated with the inertial model, where the coefficients are calculated based on the values of the critical transfer coefficient, oscillation amplitude and period of the underdamped response of the closed-loop system. The data driven control design supposes that the tuning parameters of the controller are calculated based on the parameters obtained from the previous step of system identification and there are presented the expressions for the calculation of the tuning parameters. The obtained results of data-driven model identification and algorithm for synthesis the controller were verified by computer simulation.

基于双边闭环函数的T-S模糊模型非线性系统网络跟踪控制

研究了一类基于T-S模糊模型的非线性系统网络跟踪控制问题。首先基于输入时滞法,建立了考虑网络诱导时滞和数据丢包的T-S模糊模型非线性系统跟踪误差模型;然后利用采样区间[t_(k),t_(k+1))信息,构建了一个新的双边闭环Lyapunov-Krasovskii(L-K)泛函,并使用新的L-K泛函和自由权矩阵积分不等式,得到了非线性网络系统H_(∞)跟踪控制的稳定性判据,以及控制器的设计方法。仿真结果表明,在相同网络条件下,所设计模糊控制器产生的跟踪误差相比已有文献结果明显更小;在相同的H_(∞)跟踪性能要求下,比已有文献具有更大的输入时滞上界,表明相较于现有方法,所提方法的保守性更低。

基于权重调节模型预测控制的风-光-储-氢耦合系统在线功率调控

该文针对风-光-储-氢系统中风光的波动性、储氢的动态响应特性,实时在线优化匹配储-氢功率与风-光功率问题,提出基于权重调节模型预测控制(MPC)的风-光-储-氢耦合系统在线功率调控方法。文中构建了风-光-储-氢耦合能源系统拓扑结构,建立了耦合系统状态空间模型,以耦合系统功率平衡为目标,以制氢功率、燃料电池功率和电池功率为控制变量,根据氢储能和电池储能的特性及各约束条件将目标函数转换为二次规划问题进行求解,并在自定义s-函数建立的MPC控制器中依据复合储能系统的状态信息对权重因子进行调节,实现了控制器的参数自适应,最后完成了功率控制层与能量管理层的闭环仿真。通过仿真分析,对比三种调控方法,验证了该文所提基于变权重MPC功率调控方法的有效性和优越性。

Control of Spiral Waves in an Excitable Medium by Applying Close Loop Feedback Scheme

在这篇论文，靠近环的反馈的一个计划被建议在易兴奋的媒介导致螺线模式的转变，它与修改 FitzHugh Nagumo 模型一起被描述。数字模拟结果证实稳定的旋转螺线波浪被移开并且整个媒介当反馈的适当紧张被使用时，变得同类不管联合反馈是否在媒介在一根线在整个媒介或这些地点上被强加。

低碳视角下集成式纺织服装闭环供应链运作决策

纺织服装产业的蓬勃发展,不仅有效带动了社会经济的快速发展,同时也造成了废旧服装数量的日益剧增。为有效提高废旧服装回收效率及其利用率,兼顾供应链整体运营与生态环境的目标,文章设计分析了一个由供应商、制造商和零售商组成的三级纺织服装闭环供应链网络,其中零售商集成废旧服装的统一回收,制造商集成废旧服装的统一分类及再利用废旧服装的加工处理。鉴于服装回收处理过程中碳排放量高且分布不均这一现实问题,引入碳配额机制,以供应链整体收益和成本为目标,建立一个双目标决策优化模型,并对模型设计了约束求解方法。最后通过数值实验说明了本文所建模型的有效性和相应运营决策方案的合理最优性。相关研究结果表明:废旧纺织服装的回收处理尽管需要一定的运营成本,但从长期运营视角来看,其能够给供应链整体带来较大的潜在收益。零售商和制造商的集成化运营模式不仅可有效的降低供应链的整体运营成本,同时亦可有效提升供应链整体的协同运作效率。合理的碳配额机制可有效激励相关成员企业去绿色低碳运营,进而提升自身竞争力和可持续发展能力。相关研究成果不仅具有一定的理论价值,同时对政府和服装产业制定合理的碳配额机制,设计构建纺织服装闭环供应链网络具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。

差额碳税视角下应急产品闭环供应链的协调机制研究

为提高应急产品的资源利用效率并强化应急体系协同绿色发展,构造制造商处主导地位、零售商处从属地位的应急产品闭环供应链博弈模型。从差额碳税视角出发对比分析集中决策和分散决策下应急产品闭环供应链的各个均衡决策,推导出利用“讨价还价”模型实现供应链协调的条件,并进行算例分析。研究结果表明:差额碳税政策可以提高再制造应急产品的市场占比份额,促进资源的高效循环发展;讨价还价模型可以实现闭环供应链的有效协调。研究结果可为应对突发事件提供理论参考。

闭环式管理模式对门诊癌痛患者的护理效果评价

目的探索闭环式管理模式对门诊癌痛患者的镇痛效果及可行性。方法收集2019年12月—2020年6月在江苏省肿瘤医院镇痛门诊首诊并使用阿片类药物(羟考酮缓释片)进行镇痛治疗的癌痛患者112例为研究对象。按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组56例,对照组给予常规管理;观察组接受闭环式管理模式,包括对患者首诊、复诊、定期随访、宣教、用药记录、指导等,同期疼痛门诊专科医师、药师、护士对患者制订个体化规范、合理、有效的镇痛方案及随诊计划,重点解决患者镇痛用药依从性,随诊反馈中存在的问题。两组患者均接受持续1个月的管理,记录并比较两组患者管理前后的服药依从率、数字评分量表(NRS)、爆发痛次数、疼痛控制满意程度,外周血β-内啡肽(β-EP)、前列腺素E-2(PGE-2)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、体质状况(KPS)评分,记录两组患者管理后对护理满意程度及管理期间发生的不良反应。结果管理前,两组患者的服药依从率、NRS、爆发痛次数、β-EP、PGE-2、ET-1、KPS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);管理后,观察组患者的服药依从率、镇痛满意程度、β-EP、护理满意程度和KPS评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的NRS、PGE-2、ET-1和不良反应发生程度均低于对照组,爆发痛次数少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论闭环式管理模式可有效提升门诊癌痛患者服药依从,有效控制疼痛,改善患者体质。

社会建构主义理论观照下统计人才培养模式设计与构建

随着越来越多的国内外高校开设统计专业,学者们对统计人才培养模式的研究不断深入。为了科学地支撑统计人才培养,需要借鉴国内外成熟的育人模式,并结合科学的教育理论。基于此,以社会建构主义为理论基础,结合统计专业教育特点和数字化社会职业需求,提出本科统计人才培养“1341”模式。该模式以“一个中心”为核心,聚焦于培养统计创新型应用人才,通过“价值、知识、能力”三个维度革新三大课程构造体系,以“四种融合”联通四个教学情境,并以“一个闭环系统”保障人才培养质量,旨在解决本科统计人才培养模式应然与实然之间的矛盾。

二手市场是否参与回收?基于基金补贴的供应链模式研究

考虑在基金补贴政策下,构建无二手市场参与的基本模型和二手市场参与回收销售的混合模型,分析了供应链的最优决策和回收销售模式的选择,并通过模型比较研究了单位产品处置税、销售竞争、回收竞争等对运作决策的影响,最后,采用数值分析验证模型结论。研究表明:(1)在回收销售渠道的选择方面,无二手市场参与的回收销售模式是供应链各方的最优选择;存在二手市场竞争时,再造品产品质量和再造品企业社会责任感均会下降,社会福利下降。(2)政府补贴可以有效激励废旧品回收,促进供应链总利润的增加和社会福利的上升。(3)不同竞争系数的变化会给供应链带来不同的影响,废旧品的回收竞争会导致供应链总利润的减少和社会福利的下降;再造品的销售竞争可促进供应链总利润的增加和社会福利的上升。