Remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network design based on genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm

As the huge computation and easily trapped local optimum in remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network (RCSCN) design considered, a genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The total cost of closed-loop supply chain was selected as fitness function, and a unique and tidy coding mode was adopted in the proposed algorithm. Then, some mutation and crossover operators were introduced to achieve discrete optimization of RCSCN structure. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can gain global optimal solution with good convergent performance and rapidity. The computing speed is only 22.16 s, which is shorter than those of the other optimization algorithms.

Pricing and decision of carbon emission reduction for closed-loop supply chain considering carbon trading mechanism

To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.

Remanufacturing Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model with Radio Frequency Identification Affecting Recycling Rate

In order to construct a resource-saving and environmentfriendly society,the advantages of radio frequency identification(RFID) were considered.And it put forward the idea of introducing RFID in the recycling activities of waste products.Taking into account such elements as the technical level of RFID,cost saving from remanufacturing and the cost of RFID tags,both centralized and decentralized supply chain models with different participants in waste product collection were created,in order to determine the optimal pricing strategy and RFID technical level.In the end,sensitivity analyses were conducted to analyze the impacts of scaling parameter for additional increased recovery rate with RFID on pricing and RFID technology level,and impacts of cost saving on the profits of participants in different remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain models.

Improving the Performance of Urban Waste Management Systems in the Context of a Closed-Loop Supply Chain

The saving of non-renewable energies, as well as the reduction of emissions into the environment, are two crucial objectives of industrial production. The recovery of post-consumer products associated with the use of end-of-life products is part of a context of optimization of these objectives. This recovery maximizes the use of resources from end-of-life products in a circular logic while recording the environmental footprint. This study considers a recycling strategy adapted to the need and urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by global warming. The proposed model aims to optimize the profits of the circular manufacturing strategies while minimizing operational costs (collection, sorting, recycling), transport, GHG emissions and recycling. In this paper, a compromise between the gains of CM and the costs associated with it was studied. The robustness of the designed model was tested using a case study based on real-world scenarios. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the impact of the emission cost on the overall objective, considering the two options currently offered to industries. The obtained results support companies to take the ecological aspect into account and integrate sustainable development into their strategic axes for their logistics supply chains.

Dynamic Pricing Model for the Operation of Closed-Loop Supply Chain System

A class of closed-loop supply chain system consisting of one manufacturer and one supplier is designed, in which re-distribution, remanufacturing and reuse are considered synthetically. The manufacturer is in charge of recollecting and re-disposal the used products. Demands of ultimate products and collecting quantity of used products are described as the function of prices and reference prices. A non-linear dynamic pricing model for this closed-loop supply chain is established. A numerical example is designed, and the results of this example verified the model’s validity to price for the operation of closed-loop supply chain system.

A closed-loop Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model with Fuzzy Demand under Production Capacity Constraints and Price Rigidities

A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem is examined,which consists of mutual competitive manufacturers with production capacity constraints and retailers with fuzzy market demands,mutual competitive collectors as well as a binding price ceiling of the commodities.By utilizing the credibility measure of fuzzy event,variational inequality and Lagrange dual theory,the optimum behaviors of manufactures,retailers,collectors and consumers are described.Therefore,the supply chain network equilibrium model is established.Numerical examples were given to illustrate the impact of production capacity constraints and price ceiling on the network equilibrium pattern.The results show that the shortage of commodities in consumer market will be more serious,the wholesale price of product and purchase price of waste products rise,the profits of retailers decrease,the profits of manufacturers and collectors increase as the government gradually reduce the binding price ceiling on competitive markets,and the trend will be more obvious in the existence of production capacity constraints at same time.

Development and Comparison of Hybrid Genetic Algorithms for Network Design Problem in Closed Loop Supply Chain

This paper presents four different hybrid genetic algorithms for network design problem in closed loop supply chain. They are compared using a complete factorial experiment with two factors, viz. problem size and algorithm. Based on the significance of the factor “algorithm”, the best algorithm is identified using Duncan’s multiple range test. Then it is compared with a mathematical model in terms of total cost. It is found that the best hybrid genetic algorithm identified gives results on par with the mathematical model in statistical terms. So, the best algorithm out of four algorithm proposed in this paper is proved to be superior to all other algorithms for all sizes of problems and its performance is equal to that of the mathematical model for small size and medium size problems.

Literature Review on Network Design Problems in Closed Loop and Reverse Supply Chains

The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.

Collection Cost Screening Mechanism in a Closedloop Supply Chain

Recently, the product remanufacturing has been a hot topic in the field of operational management, and more manufacturers are beginning to recover the value in their end-of-life (EOL) products by remanufacturing. This paper focuses on the closed-loop supply chain where the retailer takes charge of not only retail, but also collection. There are two possible types of the retailer's collection cost as an assumption, i.e. high cost or low cost, and the retailer knows his type, whereas the manufacturer only has a prior probability over the two possible cost types. This paper deploys the contracts with which the manufacturer can screen the type of the retailer to improve her profit under incomplete information. As a result, the pooling contract can perfectly coordinate the decentralized system under incomplete information, but the manufacturer obtains the lower profit; nevertheless, with the separating contracts the manufacturer obtains the larger profits though the system profit is lower.

资金约束和公平偏好下E-闭环供应链回收决策

针对再制造商主导、电商平台面临资金约束的E-闭环供应链,考虑电商平台公平偏好,分别基于传统公平参考框架和Nash讨价还价公平参考框架建立Stackelberg博弈模型,分析资金约束和公平偏好对各方回收决策及利润的影响机制,并引入转移支付优化E-闭环供应链回收决策。研究表明:高贷款利率不利于E-闭环供应链系统运作;电商平台公平偏好仅对电商平台有利,对再制造商和E-闭环供应链都不利;相比于传统公平参考框架,Nash讨价还价公平参考框架更能缓解资金约束和公平偏好对回收决策的负面影响;无论电商平台是否具有公平偏好,引入转移支付总能协调E-闭环供应链,且帕累托改进供应链各方利润。

基于Prim-DMGA算法的闭环供应链网络鲁棒优化研究

针对不确定环境下的闭环供应链网络优化问题,在需求不确定及设施中断风险的条件下,基于鲁棒对等优化方法建立了一种以闭环供应链网络总成本最小为目标的鲁棒优化模型,以解决供应链网络中的不确定性问题,并提出了Prim-DMGA。首先基于Prim算法得到高质量的初始种群,其次让路径规划方案和设施选址方案在两层自适应GA的不断反馈中达到最优。实验结果表明,Prim-DMGA得到的目标函数值优于单层Prim-MGA与传统GA,且在求解大规模算例时,求解结果优于CPLEX软件。研究结论表明,Prim-DMGA能以较少的计算时间获得质量更优的解,鲁棒优化模型可以有效减少不确定因素带来的不利影响,提高闭环供应链网络的鲁棒性能。

公平偏好信息非对称下E-闭环供应链协调机制设计

考虑电商平台公平偏好信息非对称,建立制造商主导的E-闭环供应链回收与定价决策模型,采用逆向归纳法和对比分析法研究公平偏好对E-闭环供应链各方决策的影响,并设计收益共享-成本共担契约进行协调.研究表明,无论电商平台公平偏好信息是否对称,批发价格契约都不能协调E-闭环供应链,但只要制造商考虑电商平台公平偏好进行决策,就有利于降低零售价格,提高服务水平和废旧品回收率.无论电商平台公平偏好信息是否对称,收益共享-成本共担契约总能优化各方决策,提高废旧品回收率,实现E-闭环供应链协调,以及帕累托改进各方利润.此外,电商平台公平偏好会使收益分享比例范围变大,更容易实现E-闭环供应链协调.

利用NSGA-Ⅱ改进算法构建CLSC网络模型可行性初探

首先介绍CLSC网络和改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法,随后对改进算法进行效果测试,在此基础上,开展基于NSGA-Ⅱ改进算法构建CLSC网络模型的应用案例分析,分析结果证实了改进算法的实用性。

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Closed-Loop Supply Chain Finance Risk Based on Evolutionary Game Theory and System Dynamics

After building a dynamic evolutionary game model, the essay studies the stability of the equilibrium in the game between the commercial banks and the closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) enterprises. By design of systematic mechanism based on system dynamics theory, capital chains of independent small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) on CLSC are organically linked together. Moreover, a comparative simulation is studied for the previous independent and post-design dependent systems. The study shows that with business expanding and market risk growing, the independent finance chains of SMEs on CLSC often take on a certain vulnerability, while the SMEs closed-loop supply chain finance system itself is with a strong rigidity and concerto.

考虑参考价格效应的E-闭环供应链旧货市场开辟策略研究

以一个电商平台和一个制造商所构成的闭环供应链为研究对象,分别在电商平台未开辟旧货市场和开辟旧货市场的情形下构建闭环供应链模型,并考虑开辟旧货市场后消费者参考价格效应对供应链成员决策的影响,探讨了单位佣金、参考价格效应强度、参考价格、二手产品偏好等参数对平台广告水平、新产品与二手产品定价以及供应链成员利润的影响。研究发现:电商平台开辟旧货市场可以降低新产品的销售价格,提高旧产品的回收价格,大幅度提高电商平台的收益。参考价格效应和消费者二手产品偏好的增强会使二手产品的销售量增加,并提高电商平台对回收旧产品的广告水平,增加旧产品的回收量。但旧货市场的开辟与参考价格效应的存在均会降低制造商的利润。

低碳视角下集成式纺织服装闭环供应链运作决策

纺织服装产业的蓬勃发展,不仅有效带动了社会经济的快速发展,同时也造成了废旧服装数量的日益剧增。为有效提高废旧服装回收效率及其利用率,兼顾供应链整体运营与生态环境的目标,文章设计分析了一个由供应商、制造商和零售商组成的三级纺织服装闭环供应链网络,其中零售商集成废旧服装的统一回收,制造商集成废旧服装的统一分类及再利用废旧服装的加工处理。鉴于服装回收处理过程中碳排放量高且分布不均这一现实问题,引入碳配额机制,以供应链整体收益和成本为目标,建立一个双目标决策优化模型,并对模型设计了约束求解方法。最后通过数值实验说明了本文所建模型的有效性和相应运营决策方案的合理最优性。相关研究结果表明:废旧纺织服装的回收处理尽管需要一定的运营成本,但从长期运营视角来看,其能够给供应链整体带来较大的潜在收益。零售商和制造商的集成化运营模式不仅可有效的降低供应链的整体运营成本,同时亦可有效提升供应链整体的协同运作效率。合理的碳配额机制可有效激励相关成员企业去绿色低碳运营,进而提升自身竞争力和可持续发展能力。相关研究成果不仅具有一定的理论价值,同时对政府和服装产业制定合理的碳配额机制,设计构建纺织服装闭环供应链网络具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。

差额碳税视角下应急产品闭环供应链的协调机制研究

为提高应急产品的资源利用效率并强化应急体系协同绿色发展,构造制造商处主导地位、零售商处从属地位的应急产品闭环供应链博弈模型。从差额碳税视角出发对比分析集中决策和分散决策下应急产品闭环供应链的各个均衡决策,推导出利用“讨价还价”模型实现供应链协调的条件,并进行算例分析。研究结果表明:差额碳税政策可以提高再制造应急产品的市场占比份额,促进资源的高效循环发展;讨价还价模型可以实现闭环供应链的有效协调。研究结果可为应对突发事件提供理论参考。

基于信息不对称与风险规避的低碳闭环供应链定价决策研究

为确定闭环供应链的产品定价和碳减排率,同时考虑制造商的风险规避行为和零售回收运营成本信息的不对称性,构建以制造商为主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,分析对比信息对称和信息不对称两种情况下的最优决策,利用数值分析验证结论。研究表明:产品的销售价格、批发价格、碳减排率及制造商效用都将随着制造商风险规避程度的提高而降低,而市场需求与零售商效用将增加;当零售商谎报回收运营成本时,相较于坦白回收运营成本,产品转移价格与零售商效用均有所提升,产品回收价格、废旧产品回收量和制造商效用则降低,且风险规避和信息不对称均对碳减排产生消极影响。

考虑碳排放的不确定闭环供应链鲁棒优化研究

综合考虑市场需求不确定、退换货产品数量不确定及设施中断风险,将碳限额政策和新能源设施建设作为影响决策的关键因素,建立了供应链网络总成本和碳排放量最小的双目标鲁棒优化模型,设计了一种Prim-NSGAⅡ算法求解该模型.通过与传统NSGAⅡ算法的IGD、SM指标对比验证了算法的有效性,得到了不同不确定程度下的最优网络规划方案和不同参数下的管理对策.结果表明,该算法达到了加快求解收敛速度、保持种群多样性的目的,验证了鲁棒优化模型可以实现闭环供应链网络鲁棒性,经济效益及环境效益的综合提升,并为决策者制定具体的碳减排方案提供决策依据.