STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE FROM GMS-5 INFRARED CLOUD IMAGERY AND SURFACE RAIN RATES DURING THE RAINING SEASONS OF FUJIAN PROVINCE

The GMS-5 infrared cloud imagery for two yearly first raining seasons in 1998 and 1999 are used to study the relationship between brightness temperature and surface rain rates. The result shows that it is likely to have large probability of heavy precipitation with the decrease of brightness temperature and the gradual increase of rainfall intensity; for areas of low temperature, the brightness temperature is better determined for atmosphere above rain gauge stations with multiple points sampling than with single point one; for the yearly first raining season, the threshold brightness temperature is set at 4.6℃ for indication of heavy precipitation in the Fujian area.

Analysis on the Physical Mechanism of Snowstorm Generated by the South Cyclone

[Objective] The research aimed to study the physical mechanism of snowstorm which was generated by the south cyclone. [Method] By using the routine meteorological observation data, satellite data and MM5 mode output data, the snowstorm weather in the east of Heilongjiang Province during March 4-6, 2007 was analyzed. The physical mechanism of snowstorm which was generated by the south cyclone was discussed. [Result] Jianghuai cyclone advanced northward to generate the snowstorm. In the middle and high latitudes, the good cold air must coordinate with it. Meanwhile, the south cyclone provided the good high temperature condition and the rich water vapor condition for the snowstorm generation. The snowstorm generation must have the close coordination of airflows in the high and low levels, and the strong convergence ascending movement was generated. The vertical movement made that the atmospheric energy could be transformed. When the snowstorm was generated, there was the strong vertical ascending movement in the high altitude. The snowstorm falling zone was in the north side of big value zone. The variation of TBB cloud top temperature intensity as the time had the good guidance role for forecasting the starting time of strong snowfall. The convergence center of water vapor flux divergence and the zone where the temperature drew point difference in 925 hPa layer ≤ 4 ℃ had the good corresponding relationships with the snowstorm falling zone and the snowfall strong center. It provided the good reference index for forecasting the falling zone and strong center of snowstorm. Under the restriction of moist potential vorticity conservation, for the leaning of θe surface, the atmospheric horizontal wind was vertical, or the wet baroclinicity increased, which could cause the significant development of vertical vorticity. The bigger θe surface leaning was, the stronger the cyclonic vorticity was. It was easy to cause the strong precipitation weather. When the high-altitude dry cold air invaded and glided along θe ridge surface, the unstable energy was induced to release, which provided the energy for the snowstorm generation. The dry invasion process was also the strong snowfall generation process, and the snowstorm falling zone was in the steep and dense zone of θe. [Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for the prediction and forecast of rainstorm weather.

REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT AND CLOUD TEMPERATURE BY INFRARED RADIOMETER

The feasibility of retrieving cloud bottom height (CBH) and cloud bottom temperature (CBT) by infrared radiometer has been studied by simulations with a large number of historical radiosounding data and field obser- vations.The results show that it is feasible to retrieve CBH and CBT by radiometer observation in infrared band. In this paper we also demonstrate simply that through joint observations by a dual-wavelength (1.35 cm and 8.5mm) microwave radiometer and by infrared radiometer (8.5—12.5μm),it is possible to obtain total water vapor,liquid water content in clouds and CBH and CBT.

Observational connection between local high-temperature phenomena within magnetic clouds and the Sun

Magnetic clouds(MCs) frequently show abnormal high-ionization states of heavy ions. The abnormal high-charge distributions are related to the coronal temperature of their source regions. We examined the plasma and magnetic field data of 74 MCs observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer from February 1998 to December 2008. We determined that 14 of the 74 events showed local high-temperature phenomena. We analyzed the correlation between proton temperature and O7/O6ratio(or high mean Fe charge state ?Fe?) within the local high-temperature regions in the 14 MCs. Results show that proton temperature and O7/O6 ratio(or high mean Fe charge state) had good correlations in nine MCs, but had no evident correlation in the other five MCs. The local high-temperature phenomena within the nine MCs have resulted from the Sun.