Hospital marketing is becoming important for the survival and the prosperity of the health service. In addition, it indirectly acts as a formal feedback channel for the customer requirements, preferences, suggestions ...Hospital marketing is becoming important for the survival and the prosperity of the health service. In addition, it indirectly acts as a formal feedback channel for the customer requirements, preferences, suggestions and complaints. In this work we have undertaken a survey based marketing study for two main objectives: The first being to better understand the patient clusters through k-means clustering and the second to understand customer perception of the different known quality perspectives through factor rotated and unrotated analysis. All of the questionnaires were designed according to international studies. Based on general descriptive statistics, items classified with higher variance but important, are: clean environment, doctors and nurses capabilities, and specialized doctors. Items that are less important with low variance are: food type, lighting and insurance. Also, items classified as more important with low variance are: recommended, no mistakes, and the cost. Using factor analysis rotated and unrotated reduced the variables into five main variables described as: medical aspects, psychological aspects, cost aspects, hospital image and ease of access and procedures. Using k-means clustering, the customers can be clustered into four main clusters with two of them described as general patient with wide variety of interest, serious cases interested in specialized doctors and food, and very serious case with high stress on equipment, no mistakes.展开更多
虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可聚合多利益主体的分布式资源(distributed energy resources,DER)参与电力市场,以深入挖掘分布式能源的调度潜力,如何考虑各运行主体的协同调度,提高整体收益成为当前亟需解决的重要问题。基于此,...虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可聚合多利益主体的分布式资源(distributed energy resources,DER)参与电力市场,以深入挖掘分布式能源的调度潜力,如何考虑各运行主体的协同调度,提高整体收益成为当前亟需解决的重要问题。基于此,提出了计及风光及市场电价不确定风险和多主体协同的虚拟电厂参与主辅市场联合优化策略。首先,建立电动汽车群体(electric vehicle duster,EVC)的可调度域评估模型,在此基础上考虑VPP与EVC两主体的利益均衡,提出VPP与EVC主从博弈的主能量市场日前竞标模型;其次,考虑电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)快速充放电的特性,进一步提出VPP参与主能量市场和辅助调频市场的日前联合投标模型和VPP实时调整及调频响应模型;最后,在日前联合投标模型中引入条件风险价值(condition value at risk,CVaR),衡量日前投标收益与不确定风险的关系。基于某省电力市场规则进行算例仿真表明,所提VPP优化策略能通过提供调频服务和鼓励EV响应调度提高VPP的综合收益。展开更多
目的 建立一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker, QAMS)与HPLC指纹图谱及化学计量分析相结合的方法对滇重楼及其近缘种的质量进行评价。方法 建立滇重楼及其近缘种的指纹图谱并进行相似度分析、聚...目的 建立一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker, QAMS)与HPLC指纹图谱及化学计量分析相结合的方法对滇重楼及其近缘种的质量进行评价。方法 建立滇重楼及其近缘种的指纹图谱并进行相似度分析、聚类分析(cluster analysis, CA)以及主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)。以重楼皂苷VII为内标,建立重楼皂苷II、重楼皂苷III、重楼皂苷VI、重楼皂苷I、重楼皂苷H、重楼皂苷D、伪原薯蓣皂苷的相对校正因子,并考察QAMS的可行性。色谱条件:采用Agilent ZORBAX SB C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250.0 mm, 5μm);乙腈(A)和水(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速0.8 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长203 nm;进样量5μL。结果 建立了不同种重楼样品的指纹图谱,相似度分析显示不同种重楼样品的相似度介于0.646~0.913,表明不同种重楼间的化学成分及含量差异性较大;以重楼皂苷VII为内标,所建立的滇重楼QAMS含量测定方法,与外标法(external standard method, ESM)得到的结果进行比较无显著差异,确定了QAMS在含量测定中的可行性,将QAMS应用于滇重楼近缘种的含量测定,只有长柱重楼的全部样品(CZCL01~04)和TCCL03符合《中华人民共和国药典》的质控标准;进一步以重楼样品中的8个皂苷类成分的峰面积作为变量进行聚类分析和主成分分析,聚类分析结果显示滇重楼及其近缘种样品可以聚为4类,长柱重楼、大理重楼和腾冲重楼均可自成一类,其余种重楼无法进行区分。主成分分析中46批重楼样品大体可以分为5类,大理重楼、长柱重楼、腾冲重楼各为一类,大部分滇重楼为一类,毛重楼、矮重楼、独龙重楼样品在主成分分析中无分类趋势。结论 QAMS与指纹图谱及化学计量分析相结合的方法可以完成对滇重楼及其近缘种中8种皂苷类成分的同时快速定量。并对其质量进行评价。实验建立的分析方法准确可行,可以在保护中药资源、节省时间的前提下对滇重楼及其近缘种样品的质量进行综合评价。展开更多
文摘Hospital marketing is becoming important for the survival and the prosperity of the health service. In addition, it indirectly acts as a formal feedback channel for the customer requirements, preferences, suggestions and complaints. In this work we have undertaken a survey based marketing study for two main objectives: The first being to better understand the patient clusters through k-means clustering and the second to understand customer perception of the different known quality perspectives through factor rotated and unrotated analysis. All of the questionnaires were designed according to international studies. Based on general descriptive statistics, items classified with higher variance but important, are: clean environment, doctors and nurses capabilities, and specialized doctors. Items that are less important with low variance are: food type, lighting and insurance. Also, items classified as more important with low variance are: recommended, no mistakes, and the cost. Using factor analysis rotated and unrotated reduced the variables into five main variables described as: medical aspects, psychological aspects, cost aspects, hospital image and ease of access and procedures. Using k-means clustering, the customers can be clustered into four main clusters with two of them described as general patient with wide variety of interest, serious cases interested in specialized doctors and food, and very serious case with high stress on equipment, no mistakes.
文摘虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可聚合多利益主体的分布式资源(distributed energy resources,DER)参与电力市场,以深入挖掘分布式能源的调度潜力,如何考虑各运行主体的协同调度,提高整体收益成为当前亟需解决的重要问题。基于此,提出了计及风光及市场电价不确定风险和多主体协同的虚拟电厂参与主辅市场联合优化策略。首先,建立电动汽车群体(electric vehicle duster,EVC)的可调度域评估模型,在此基础上考虑VPP与EVC两主体的利益均衡,提出VPP与EVC主从博弈的主能量市场日前竞标模型;其次,考虑电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)快速充放电的特性,进一步提出VPP参与主能量市场和辅助调频市场的日前联合投标模型和VPP实时调整及调频响应模型;最后,在日前联合投标模型中引入条件风险价值(condition value at risk,CVaR),衡量日前投标收益与不确定风险的关系。基于某省电力市场规则进行算例仿真表明,所提VPP优化策略能通过提供调频服务和鼓励EV响应调度提高VPP的综合收益。
文摘目的 建立一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker, QAMS)与HPLC指纹图谱及化学计量分析相结合的方法对滇重楼及其近缘种的质量进行评价。方法 建立滇重楼及其近缘种的指纹图谱并进行相似度分析、聚类分析(cluster analysis, CA)以及主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)。以重楼皂苷VII为内标,建立重楼皂苷II、重楼皂苷III、重楼皂苷VI、重楼皂苷I、重楼皂苷H、重楼皂苷D、伪原薯蓣皂苷的相对校正因子,并考察QAMS的可行性。色谱条件:采用Agilent ZORBAX SB C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250.0 mm, 5μm);乙腈(A)和水(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速0.8 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长203 nm;进样量5μL。结果 建立了不同种重楼样品的指纹图谱,相似度分析显示不同种重楼样品的相似度介于0.646~0.913,表明不同种重楼间的化学成分及含量差异性较大;以重楼皂苷VII为内标,所建立的滇重楼QAMS含量测定方法,与外标法(external standard method, ESM)得到的结果进行比较无显著差异,确定了QAMS在含量测定中的可行性,将QAMS应用于滇重楼近缘种的含量测定,只有长柱重楼的全部样品(CZCL01~04)和TCCL03符合《中华人民共和国药典》的质控标准;进一步以重楼样品中的8个皂苷类成分的峰面积作为变量进行聚类分析和主成分分析,聚类分析结果显示滇重楼及其近缘种样品可以聚为4类,长柱重楼、大理重楼和腾冲重楼均可自成一类,其余种重楼无法进行区分。主成分分析中46批重楼样品大体可以分为5类,大理重楼、长柱重楼、腾冲重楼各为一类,大部分滇重楼为一类,毛重楼、矮重楼、独龙重楼样品在主成分分析中无分类趋势。结论 QAMS与指纹图谱及化学计量分析相结合的方法可以完成对滇重楼及其近缘种中8种皂苷类成分的同时快速定量。并对其质量进行评价。实验建立的分析方法准确可行,可以在保护中药资源、节省时间的前提下对滇重楼及其近缘种样品的质量进行综合评价。
