Fuzzy Fruit Fly Optimized Node Quality-Based Clustering Algorithm for Network Load Balancing

Recently,the fundamental problem with Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Net-works(H-MANETs)is tofind a suitable and secure way of balancing the load through Internet gateways.Moreover,the selection of the gateway and overload of the network results in packet loss and Delay(DL).For optimal performance,it is important to load balance between different gateways.As a result,a stable load balancing procedure is implemented,which selects gateways based on Fuzzy Logic(FL)and increases the efficiency of the network.In this case,since gate-ways are selected based on the number of nodes,the Energy Consumption(EC)was high.This paper presents a novel Node Quality-based Clustering Algo-rithm(NQCA)based on Fuzzy-Genetic for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection(FGCHGS).This algorithm combines NQCA with the Improved Weighted Clus-tering Algorithm(IWCA).The NQCA algorithm divides the network into clusters based upon node priority,transmission range,and neighbourfidelity.In addition,the simulation results tend to evaluate the performance effectiveness of the FFFCHGS algorithm in terms of EC,packet loss rate(PLR),etc.

Research on Dynamic Clustering Routing Considering Node Load for Wireless Sensor Networks

Aiming at the problem that node load is rarely considered in existing clustering routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a dynamic clustering routing algorithm for WSN is presented in this paper called DCRCL (Dynamic Clustering Routing Considering Load). This algorithm is comprised of three phases including cluster head (CH) selection, cluster setup and inter-cluster routing. First, the CHs are selected based on residual energy and node load. Then the non-CH nodes choose a cluster by comparing the cost function of its neighbor CHs. At last, each CH communicates with base station by using multi-hop communication. The simulation results show that comparing with the existing one, the techniques life cycle and date volume of the network are increased by 30.7 percent and 29.8 percent respectively by using the proposed algorithm DCRCL.

Malicious Nodes Detection in MANET Using Back-Off Clustering Approach

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are infrastructure less networks which provide multi-hop wireless links between nodes. The main applications of MANET in real time environment are military and emergency areas where the fixed infrastructure is not required. It is a temporary communication infrastructure network for quick communication with minimal configuration settings among the group of nodes. The security is one of the primary concerns in MANET. The malicious nodes in MANET environment degrade the performance of the network. In this paper, the nodes in MANET are grouped using back-off duration technique and further the malicious nodes are detected using this algorithm. The proposed clustering based malicious nodes detection in MANET achieves higher performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, latency and energy consumption. The proposed method achieves 89.35% of packet delivery ratio, 36.2 ms latency and 26.91 mJ of energy consumption.

Dynamic Clustering with Relay Nodes (DCRN): A Clustering Technique to Maximize Stability in Wireless Sensor Networks with Relay Nodes

With the growing popularity of wireless sensor networks, network stability has become a key area of current research. Different applications of wireless sensor networks demand stable sensing, coverage, and connectivity throughout their operational periods. In some cases, the death of just a single sensor node might disrupt the stability of the entire network. Therefore, a number of techniques have been proposed to improve the network stability. Clustering is one of the most commonly used techniques in this regard. Most clustering techniques assume the presence of high power sensor nodes called relay nodes and implicitly assume that these relay nodes serve as cluster heads in the network. This assumption may lead to faulty network behavior when any of the relay nodes becomes unavailable to its followers. Moreover, relay node based clustering techniques do not address the heterogeneity of sensor nodes in terms of their residual energies, which frequently occur during the operation of a network. To address these two issues, we present a novel clustering technique, Dynamic Clustering with Relay Nodes (DCRN), by considering the heterogeneity in residual battery capacity and by removing the assumption that relay nodes always serve as cluster-heads. We use an essence of the underlying mechanism of LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), which is one of the most popular clustering solutions for wireless sensor networks. In our work, we present four heuristics to increase network stability periods in terms of the time elapsed before the death of the first node in the network. Based on the proposed heuristics, we devise an algorithm for DCRN and formulate a mathematical model for its long-term rate of energy consumption. Further, we calculate the optimal percentage of relay nodes from our mathematical model. Finally, we verify the efficiency of DCRN and correctness of the mathematical model by exhaustive simulation results. Our simulation results reveal that DCRN enhances the network stability period by a significant margin in comparison to LEACH and its best-known variant.

Performance Analysis of Malicious Node Detection and Elimination Using Clustering Approach on MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a significant concept of wireless networks which comprises of thousands of nodes that are mobile as well as autonomous and they do not requires any existing network infrastructure. The autonomous nodes can freely and randomly move within the network which can create temporary dynamic network and these networks can change their topology frequently. The security is the primary issue in MANET which degrades the network performance significantly. In this paper, cluster based malicious node detection methodology is proposed to detect and remove the malicious nodes. Each node within the cluster gets the cluster key from the cluster head and this key is used for the data transaction between cluster head and node. The cluster head checks this key for every data transaction from node and match with their cluster table. If match is valid, and then only it will recognize that this node is belongs to this cluster, otherwise it is decided as malicious node. This paper also discusses the detection of link failure due to the presence of malicious node by determining the gain of each link in the network. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using packet delivery ratio, network life time, and throughput and energy consumption. The proposed malicious node detection system is compared with the conventional techniques as OEERP (Optimized energy efficient routing protocol), LEACH (Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy), DRINA (Data routing for In-network aggregation) and BCDCP (Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol).

ZigBee传感网络Cluster-Tree改进路由算法研究

ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络是基于分布式地址分配的一种支持拓扑变化、节点移动的新型无线传感网络,拥有强大的自组网能力。针对ZigBee网络的Cluster-Tree算法对簇首能量要求高及节点间非最佳路由的问题,结合节点能量分析提出新的簇首产生办法,并结合AODVjr算法的思路来寻求节点间的最佳路由。仿真结果表明,改进的算法能够有效地提高数据发送成功率,降低网络中的死亡节点数,减小端到端的报文传输时延,提高网络的使用价值。

基于Node.js的高性能站群系统设计与实现

站群系统是统一数据、标准和管理的建站模式,可以轻松建立多个站点,并在各站点间共享信息,从而显著减少信息孤岛现象。Node.js是javascript语言在服务器端的实现,采用V8高性能引擎,结合语言本身独特的异步特性,可以构建高性能网站。提出一种基于Node.js的网站架构,采用MVC、Widgets和SOA进行解耦,增加并行性,提高系统性能。在此架构上,设计和实现一套高性能站群系统,该系统结构清晰简单,可扩展性好,稳定性高,性能优越,适合高校使用。

使用Pluswell Cluster实现双机热备

本文论述了双机热备实验在SAN网络基础课程中的重要性,阐述了利用Pluswell Cluster模拟双机热备实验的优势,并给出了实际的实验环境和步骤。

PC Cluster计算机节点的更换及系统的配置

PC Cluster集群计算机在大数据量的地震资料解释处理中应用比较广泛,其硬件结构和系统管理比较复杂。本文通过对PC Cluster集群计算机一例故障的分析,具体介绍了PC Cluster集群计算机节点更换及相关系统配置问题的处理方法。

A routing algorithm based on clusters and balanced use of energy for wireless sensor networks

In a sensor network, data collected by different sensors are often correlated because they are observations of related phenomena. Efficient sensor data fusion is one of the most important issues in building real sensor networks. To balance energy cost, how to select a cluster head is a key problem that must be addressed. In this paper, we use a compression-centric data collection algorithm for use in wireless sensor networks. Also, we propose a balanced cluster head selection algorithm in each cluster. Simulation results are used to investigate the performance of the algorithm. Compared to the exhaustive search solutions, the proposed algorithm shows a significant improvement in power consumption.

A Cooperative Security Monitoring Mechanism Aided by Optimal Multiple Slave Cluster Heads for UASNs

As each cluster head(CH)sensor node is used to aggregate,fuse,and forward data from different sensor nodes in an underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN),guaranteeing the data security in a CH is very critical.In this paper,a cooperative security monitoring mechanism aided by multiple slave cluster heads(SCHs)is proposed to keep track of the data security of a CH.By designing a low complexity“equilateral triangle algorithm(ETA)”,the optimal SCHs(named as ETA-based multiple SCHs)are selected from the candidate SCHs so as to improve the dispersion and coverage of SCHs and achieve largescale data security monitoring.In addition,by analyzing the entire monitoring process,the close form expression of the probability of the failure attack identification for the SCHs with respect to the probability of attack launched by ordinary nodes is deduced.The simulation results show that the proposed optimal ETA-based multiple SCH cooperation scheme has lower probability of the failure attack identification than that of the existing schemes.In addition,the numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis results,thus verifying the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

ANCAEE: A Novel Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the major constraints of wireless sensor networks is limited energy available to sensor nodes because of the small size of the batteries they use as source of power. Clustering is one of the routing techniques that have been using to minimize sensor nodes’ energy consumption during operation. In this paper, A Novel Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (ANCAEE) has been proposed. The algorithm achieves good performance in terms of minimizing energy consumption during data transmission and energy consumptions are distributed uniformly among all nodes. ANCAEE uses a new method of clusters formation and election of cluster heads. The algorithm ensures that a node transmits its data to the cluster head with a single hop transmission and cluster heads forward their data to the base station with multi-hop transmissions. Simulation results show that our approach consumes less energy and effectively extends network utilization.

基于ZigBee网络的Cluster-Tree能量优化算法

在ZigBee网络的Cluster-Tree算法中,簇首节点容易过早耗尽自身能量,减少网络的整体寿命。针对此问题,给出了更改簇首节点的方法,避免剩余能量低的簇首节点转发大数据,减少节点到协调器的跳数,提高网络的应用价值。

ECBK: Enhanced Cluster Based Key Management Scheme for Achieving Quality of Service

Wireless sensor networks consist of many small nodes with distributing devices to monitor conditions at different locations. Usually wireless sensor nodes are sprinkled in a sensor field grouping limited areas. This paper highlights the Enhanced Cluster Based Key management (ECBK) protocol to achieve secure data delivery based on clustering mechanism. This protocol gives more importance to Cluster Coordinator node, which is used to coordinate the members and provide protective communication among the sensor nodes to enhance reliability. In Enhanced Cluster Based Key management two types of nodes are deployed. The high power nodes form clusters with surrounding nodes to enable the routing process without interference. This paper introduces ECBK protocol that balances the load among the clusters, achieves high throughput, end to end delay will be reduced, routing overhead also reduced and also it prolongs the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the presence of high transmission nodes reduces the delay, load balance, routing overhead, and enhances the throughput increased by 45% compared to other similar methods.

Employing Orphan Nodes to Avoid Energy Holes in Wireless Sensor Networks

When energy consumption by wireless sensor nodes gets off balance, partitions in the network appear because several of the nodes stop functioning. The respective network’s lifetime also diminishes. This problem is commonly known as the “hot spot” or “energy hole” phenomenon. To resolve this issue, a Multi-Hop Decentralized Cluster-Based Routing (MDCR) protocol is proposed. This algorithm uses orphan nodes as intermediate nodes to form inter-cluster multi-hop routing and balance the energy consumption among sensor nodes. Simulation experiments have shown that MDCR is significantly better at prolonging network lifetime compared to the Adaptive Decentralized Re-Clustering Protocol.

Steadfast Energy Proficient Sensor Node Activation System in Wireless Networks Lifetime Enhancement

The wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the budding exploring areas and fast rising fields in wireless communications. The sensor nodes in the network are generally small-size, low-cost, low-power and multi-function capabilities. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used for various applications;since numerous sensor nodes are usually deployed on remote and inaccessible places, the employment and preservation should be easy and scalable. Sensor nodes in the field being run out of energy quickly has been an issue and many energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed to solve this problem and preserve the long life of the network. This paper work proposes a hierarchical based node activation routing technique which shows energy efficiency. This technique selects cluster head with highest residual energy in each communication round of transmission to the base station from the cluster heads. Hierarchical based node activation routing technique with different levels of hierarchy simulation results prolongs the lifetime of the network compared to other clustering schemes and communication rounds of simulation increase significantly.

SCSBE: Secured Cluster and Sleep Based Energy-Efficient Sensory Data Collection with Mobile Sinks

Wireless sensor networks applications involve a position of inaccessible metropolitan vicinity en-closed by wireless sensor nodes (WSNs)-monitors environmental parameters like battle field surveillance, home applications like fire alarm, health monitoring, etc. Energy plays a vital role in Wireless sensor networks. So, we have to concentrate more on balanced energy consumption for maximizing the network lifetime. Minimizing the whole network overhead and vigor disbursement coupled with the multi-hop data reclamation process that ensuring balanced energy consumption among SNs which results in prolonged network lifetime. This can be achieved by forwarding the sensed data to their cluster heads and then filtering the data before sending it to their tryst nodes, which is located in proximity to MS’s trajectory. Sleep and awakening of nodes periodically helps to retain their energy for some more time. The events occurring in any part of the network should be identified by the nodes, while arrangements sleep and active among the nodes. (i.e.) the nodes should be scheduled to sleep, so that the outstanding nodes can take care of the whole network. The eXtensible Randomized Matrix Arithmetic Coding (XRMAC) Technique has been used to enhance the security among all the nodes in the network. Simulation results show that our Proposed Scheme can have better Lifetime, improved throughput, reduced delay compared to other existing methods.

基于ELK的日志系统性能优化

在IT的运维与安全工作中,健全日志是帮助技术人员快速定位问题、分析故障原因以及优化系统的一个重要手段。在业务量大和并发量高的项目中,单节点的ELK会带来数据丢失、查询慢等问题。文章提出使用Elasticsearch集群和多节点logstash的解决方案,实现中大型系统的日志性能优化。

An Efficient Billing Scheme for Trusted Nodes Using Fuzzy Logic in Wireless Sensor Networks

Extending the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where recharging sensors is not always possible, has been a major concern for researchers for the past decade. In this paper, we study the cooperation between nodes in wireless sensor networks in forwarding packets to others, and we propose a new collaboration technique which stimulates intermediate nodes to forward packets toward their destination. Some nodes show selfish behavior by denying the forwarding packets to other nodes in commercial networks in an effort to preserve their own energy. This paper applies a technique which is used to prolong the network lifetime, based on a node’s energy and trust value, and additionally incorporates fuzzy logic, which stimulates nodes to forward packets by rewarding cooperation. According to simulation results, the proposed approach surpasses the Nuglets (virtual currency) approach and the Reputation approach in network energy and thus prolongs the network lifetime. Additionally, our proposed approach demonstrates better results in the number of dropped packets, PDR and forwarded packets to neighboring nodes.