The Predatory Function of Three Spiders to Two Insect Pests in Rice Within a Multi-species Co-existence System

The prey-seeking behavior of three spiders (X1-Pirata subpiraticus, X2-Clubiona japonicola and X3-Tetragnatha japonica) for brown plant hopper (X4-Nilaparvata lugens) and rice spittle bug (X5-Cal-litettix versicolor) was investigated, as well as how interference between and within species occurred, by using a quadratic regression rotational composite design. Six predation models derived from the analysis of interactions among and within predators and preys were developed. The total predatory capacity of spiders on rice insect pests after coexistence for one day can be expressed as follows: Y3 = 32.795 + 2.25X1 + 1.083X2 + 0.5X3 + 10.167X4 + 3.167X5 - 1.67X12 - 2.42X22 - 3.295X32 - 0.045X42 + 0.455X52 - 3.125X1X2 + 0.375X1X3 -0.625X1X4 - 0.375X1X5 + 0.375X2X3 - 0.875X2X4 + 0.125X2X5 + 0.375X3X4 - 0.375X3X5 + 0.125X4X5. The principal efficiency analysis using this model indicated that increases in insect pest density significantly increased predation by predators; this was much greater than the effect of any single predator. X4 had a greater effect than X5; however, X4 and X5 demonstrated little interspecific interference and even promoted each other and increased predation rates as the densities of the two pests increased. Among the three predators, an increase in the density of X, had the greatest effect on the increase in predation, X3 had the second, X2 the third greatest effect. As predator density increased inter- and intra-species interference occurred, which were largely related to the size, activity, niche breadth, niche overlap and searching efficiency of the predators. X2 produced the greatest interference between different individuals and between any other predator species. X3 had the second greatest, which reduced predation levels at high predator densities. Because of these factors, the highest predation rate was obtained at a prey density of 120 per 4 rice-hills. The optimal proportion of the three predators in the multi-predator prey system was X1: X2: X3 = 5.6:1.3:4.1.

Genetic Relationship of the 1780-1760 Ma Dykes and the Coeval Volcanics in the Lvliang Area, North China

The 1780-1760 Ma Taihang dyke swarm and the coeval Xiong’er volcanic province are the most widespread magmatic events occurring post the amalgamation of the two North China cratons.It has been debated whether

On the Orientation of Fractures with Transpressional and Transtensional Wrenches in Pre-Existing Faults

The orientation of fractures with transpressional and transtensional wrenches in pre-existing faults has not been quantitatively determined. Based on Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee’s frictional sliding criterion, this paper has indicated quantitative geometric relationships between the pre-existing fault and the local induced principal stress axes caused by the rejuvenation of the pre-existing fault. For a hidden pre-existing fault with some cohesion, the angles between the local induced principal stress axes and the pre-existing fault quantitatively vary with the applied stress and the cohesion coefficient, the ratio of the thickness of the cover layer to the thickness of the whole wrench body, whether transpressional or transtensional wrenches occur. For a surface pre-existing fault with zero cohesion, the angles between the pre-existing fault and the local induced principal stress axes are related to the rock inner frictional angle regardless of both the applied stress and the cohesion coefficient where transpressional wrenches occur, and the local induced maximum principal stress axis is identical with the applied maximum principal stress axis where transtensional wrenches occur. Therefore, the geometric relationships between the pre-existing faults and their related fractures are defined, because the local induced principal stress axes determine the directions of the related fractures. The results can be applied to pre-existing weak fabrics. They can help to understand and analyze wrench structures in outcrops or subsurface areas. They are of significance in petroleum exploration.

Buyer-seller Relationships in Hong Kong's Clothing Industry

The aim of this study is to examine the buyer-seller re-lationship in Hong Kong’s clothing industry.The initialpart investigated the industry’s environment.Four hy-pothesis were developed which were based on the long-term buyer-seller relationships’features.The benefitsthat can enjoy within the stage of long-term buyer-seller relationships was the defined and suggested.

GLOBAL EXISTENCE FOR A SEMILINEAR DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM

In this paper, a semilinear elliptic-parabolic PDE system which arises in a two dimensional groundwater flow problem is studied. Existence and uniqueness results are established via the L￣p - L￣q a priori estimates and the inverse function theorem.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EGYPT AND PALESTINE IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE(ca.3400-2000 BCE)

The relationship between Egypt and Palestine can be traced back to theChalcolithic Age thanks to the evidence of current excavations in the Nile Deltaand Sinal.Palestinian pottery and cast metal objects from the Delta sites of Maadi,Minshat Abu Omar,and elsewhere have proved contacts with Palestine inProtodynastic(Nagada Ⅱ-Ⅲ)times.The Egyptian Protodynastic Period andDynasty 1 were contemporary with the Palestinian EB Ⅰ and EB Ⅲ,and

Being, 是, 存有, 存在-- 对 “一‘ 是’ 到底”的诠释、翻译策略的批评

"being"是由"Sis"(如Godis)这样的句式衍变而来,是系词"tobe"的现在分词形式或动名词形式,它的最基本、最核心的涵义就是"有"、"存有"(there-is)或"存在"(existence),由此派生出西方哲学史上关于"being"或"existence"是不是一个命题的逻辑谓词的长期论战。如果让"existence"(存在)不带时空含义、不具"现实性"意涵,则"存有"就是"存在","being"即"existence"。相反,如果让"existence"(存在)带上时空含义、具有"现实性"意涵,则"存有"不等于"存在","being"不等于"existence"。此外,"being"还与"实体"(sub-stance)、"本质"(essence)和"真理"(truth)有密切关联。"存有"、"实体"和"本质"都是把一个事物的一切具体特性P、Q、R、T等等抽象掉之后所留存下来的载体或基质,是决定一个事物之所是(what it is)或自身同一性的东西,是作为"存有物之存有"(beings qua being)。因此,国内哲学界先前把"being"译为"存在"或"存有"是有根据的,并无大错。"从古至今,一‘是’到底"的理解、诠释、翻译西方哲学的路径或策略,在理论上没有充分的根据,在汉语哲学实践中也行不通,因为它会造成许多完全无法理解的汉语句子,如把"是是是,不是不是"作为对"Being is being,not non-being"的汉译。

非连续性视域下流动境遇儿童的发展教育

教育与个体发展历程是连续性与非连续性的整合统一体。流动境遇本质上是儿童个体“存在”与实现“去存在”的重要发展契机,对流动儿童的研究视角需要从忽视“中断性遭遇”的连续性取向转换为珍视“危机与转折”的非连续性教育取向。从个体存在的关系视域出发,儿童在流动境遇中体验了与空间关系的安全感危机、与他者关系的信任感危机、与身份标签关系的认同危机、与内在心境关系的消沉危机,这些危机既是中断儿童连续性发展的“终点”,亦是非连续性教育的重要“起点”。基于博尔诺夫非连续性教育理论探讨流动境遇儿童的教育路径,旨在帮助儿童在澄清人与空间关系、构筑关心共同体、唤醒个体意识自觉与号召积极遭遇中实现更好发展。

身心一元论的历史文化溯源与体育哲学证成

身体素养思想包含着身心一元论的丰富诠释与解读,是当前最重要的一种身心一元论思想。目前身体素养的哲学证成主要借由胡塞尔和梅洛—庞蒂的身体现象学思想,聚焦具身认知的形而上学,对身心一元论与体育学的批判性关系的研究较少。本文运用福柯知识考古学的人文学术方法,通过对身心二元论在古希腊文明中的历史溯源进行解构,进而指出,在哲学史上,对身心二元论的发源地,即古希腊文明的身体观进行解构与还原,史诗身体观、贵族身体观、哲学—宗教身体观三种身体观与其联系的主要神学目的论,即狄俄尼索斯教义与俄耳甫斯教义形成了身心一元论和身心二元论的历史哲学结构。研究提出,经由近代康德哲学的转捩与批判,柏拉图的身心二元论在诠释灵魂运动方面暴露出其局限性。由此,在当代体育学发展语境内,身心一元论的证成以康德的思维与存在关系问题为支点,进一步经由康德哲学、黑格尔哲学和马克思哲学来批判性地证成身心一元论与体育学的应然关系,并以此拓宽体育哲学自身的论域。

Fragility Curves of Existing RC Buildings Based on Specific Structural Performance Levels

In seismic risk mitigation policies, fragility functions of existing buildings play a fundamental role. In this paper, a procedure to develop analytical fragility curves for Moment Resisting Frame Reinforced Concrete buildings is presented. The design of the selected building typologies was performed according to the codes at the time of construction using force-based methods and the state of the practice at the time of construction. A total of 216 building classes were defined, considering different ages, number of storeys, infill panels, plan dimensions, beam stiffness, and concrete strength. The investigated buildings can be considered low-engineered buildings, using no seismic codes or old seismic codes. The seismic capacity of the selected models representing the existing RC buildings has been evaluated through non-linear dynamic simulations. Seismic response has been analyzed, considering various peak and integral intensity measures and various response parameters, such as ductility demands and Interstorey Drift Ratio (IDR). A new relationship among structural performance, damage levels and interstorey drift ratios for each studied type is introduced, which is calibrated using the damage levels described in EMS98. It is important to highlight that in this study, different thresholds of IDR have been associated with different typologies, considering their different ductility member levels after their different structural responses. Fragility Curves (FCs) for the studied structural types are set up, developed and discussed.

Phylogenetic relationships among five species of Armeniaca Scop. (Rosaceae) using microsatellites (SSRs) and capillary electrophoresis

The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.

Plastic Flow Modeling of Ti-5 Al-2 Sn-2 Zr-4 Mo-4 Cr Alloy at Elevated Temperatures and High Strain Rates

The true stress-sWain relationships of Ti-5A1-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr（TC17） alloy with a wide range of strain rates were investigated by tmiaxial quasi-static and dynamic compression tests, respectively. Quasi- static compression tests were carried out with Instron 8874 test machine, while dynamic compression tests were performed with the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） which was installed with heating device and synchro- assembly system. The dynamic mechanical behaviors tests of TC17 were carded out from room temperature to 800 ℃ at intervals of 200 ℃ and at high sWain rates （5 500-1 9200 s-l）. The stress-strain curves considering temperature-sWain rate coupling actions were obtained. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was developed through data fitting of the stress-sWain curves. The material constants in the developed constitutive model can be determined using isothermal and adiabatic stress-strain curves at different strain rates. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model provided satisfied prediction of the plastic flow stress for TC17 alloy.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of 1,4-Disubstituted Phenyl-5-(halo-2-hydroxyphenyl)imino-1,2,3-triazole

According to the superposition principle of reinforcement of biological activities, 24 novel 1,4- disubstituted phenyl-5-（halo-2-hydroxyphenyl）imino-l,2,3-triazoles was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, ^13C NMR, elemental analysis and IR. All the target compounds were screened for their antibacterial potential in vitro against Monilia albican, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It was shown that all the compounds possessed efficient antibacterial activities at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, even at a concentration of 0.01 mg/mL, some of the compounds still exhibited antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Monilia albican. At last, the struc- ture-activity relationship was discussed based on the antibacterial results.

三主体师生关系引论

随着智能程度越来越高的机器人教师更加广泛地参与教育活动,原本仅由人类教师和学生结成的双主体关系将演变为人类教师、机器人教师和学生间的三主体关系。虽然三主体师生关系没有从根本上改变师生关系的属性,但也呈现参与主体增多、表现更为复杂、活动空间叠加及人类教师角色重构等突出特征。根据两类教师同在的情况,三主体师生关系有同现型与异在型两种基本形态。前者意味着人类教师、机器人教师和学生三类主体同时出现,后者意味着人类教师与机器人教师在具体的教学实践中分开或者分别与学生结成师生关系。就这两种基本形态来说,还可以根据同现时两类教师所起作用大小将其分为主辅协作与深度融合,根据异在的实际将其分为时间异在与空间异在等。

论行动的教师发展理论——基于“共在存在”论的视角

在“共在存在”论看来,交互行动所创造的“共在关系”是人得以存在的前提。据此存在论,教师发展在本质上属于关系实践,而理智、情感与生命价值提升有机统一的行动则是其基本方式。其中,教师能以明智的“做事”来选择“共在关系”是其得以发展的内在依据,其间的行动具有慎思的“智性”特性;能在与他者的“共事”中充实自我存在之价值和意义是其发展的现实依据,由此出现的偏好选择、理解接纳和意义拒斥赋予其行动以“情感”色彩;而能在丰富“共在关系”中实现自身发展之“成己成人”的价值统一,凸显了其行动的生命意蕴。构建行动的教师发展理论,在认识论上,要以“共在关系”为逻辑起点,基于普遍同意原则来建构他者立场的教师发展理论;在方法论上,要以深切关怀教师之“心事”的“心的哲学”思维来矫正过于强调智性行为的“思的哲学”倾向,归还其发展权;在本体论上,要以关系为本质,将行动作为教师发展的教育尺度,在“成事”中彰显教师发展的生命本真。

Formation of Hybrid Ring Structure of Cyanurate/Isocyanurate in the Reaction be-tween 2,4,6-Tris(4-Phenyl-Phenoxy)-1, 3,5-Triazine and Phenyl Glycidyl Ether

Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.

关系思维视域中的教育“图景”

二元对立思维、过程思维和关系思维对事物之间的“关系”及其实现有不同的认识视角和处理方式,在关系思维的视野中,关系的存在是一种本体的、完整的和无条件的存在,其实现方式是二元而不两分,关联而不简单转换,超越而又包容的。从关系思维的角度理解,由教师与学生、书本世界与生活世界、教育理论与教育实践等基本关系构成的教育“图景”具有深远意义。

少林易筋经对高血压病患者的干预效应

目的:探讨少林易筋经干预对高血压患者的血压、中医证候与生活质量的影响效应。方法:选择高血压前期及1级原发性未使用抗高血压药物的高血压患者60名,随机分为实验组和对照组进行实验。结果:12周实验后实验组及对照组血压变化呈显著性差异;实验过程中,受试组较对照组血压变化明显。实验前实验组与对照组中医证候得分无显著性差异,实验后差异显著;通过尼莫地平法得出实验组疗效指数为-64.87%,对照组为-31.94%,实验组疗效指数接近显效。经过12周少林易筋经干预,实验组实验后在WHOQOL-BREF各领域较实验前均有明显改善。结论:12周少林易筋经干预对高血压前期及1级原发性高血压具有明显的降压效果,可改善习练者生存质量、健康状况、社会关系等内容,对受试者高血压中医证候具有明显改善,是治疗初期高血压患者的有效途径之一。

论关系存在中当代教师德性的消解与回归

人在本质上是一种关系中的存在,然而当前教师德性有在关系存在中逐渐消解的迹象,这主要表现为在教学实践中教师无法实现成就学生与成就"德性我"的统一。而造成教师德性消解的根源在于,学校内部分工条件下,教师与他人及周围环境的关系互动中教师存在的分散。教师德性要回归本真之理路,就要在趋向教师存在的统一状态的过程中,实现教师与其自我世界、他人以及周围环境之间的良性互动。

基于共生观的战略网络关系进化动因研究

在论述共生理论的内涵及其基本观点的基础上,建立了战略网络关系进化的共生能量模型,并运用该模型分析了其进化动因,为战略网络组织间关系的进化动因研究提供了新的思路。