Estimation of co-channel interference between cities caused by ducting and turbulence

With the rapid development of the fifth-generation(5 G)mobile communication technology,the application of each frequency band has reached the extreme,causing mutual interference between different modules.Hence,there is a requirement for detecting filtering and preventing interference.In the troposphere,over-the-horizon propagation occurs in atmospheric ducts and turbulent media.The effects of both ducting and turbulence can increase the probability of occurrence of long-distance co-channel interference(CCI),in turn,severely affecting the key performance indicators such as system access,handover and drop.In the 5 G era,to ensure communication channels and information security,CCI must be reduced.This paper introduces a scattering parabolic equation algorithm for calculating signal propagation in atmospheric ducts on irregular terrain boundaries.It combines Hitney’s radio physical optical model and Wagner’s nonuniform turbulent scattering model for calculating the tropospheric scattering in an evaporation duct or a surface-based duct.The new model proposes a tropospheric scattering parabolic equation algorithm for various tropospheric duct environments.Finally,as a specific case,the topographical boundaries between several cities in the East China Plain were considered,and the over-the-horizon propagation loss was simulated for various ducting and turbulent environments.The simulation results were used to evaluate whether CCI would occur between cities in a specific environment.

TDOA estimation of dual-satellites interference localization based on blind separation

The time difference of arrival(TDOA)estimation plays a crucial role in the accurate localization of the satellite interference source.In the dual-satellites interference source localization system,the target signal from the adjacent satellite is likely to be interfered by the normal communication signal with the same frequency.Therefore,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)of the target signal would become too low,and the TDOA estimation through cross-correlation processing would be unreliable or even unattainable.This paper proposes a technique based on blind separation to solve the co-channel interference problem,where separation of the mixed signal can be carried out by the particle filter(PF)algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed method could achieve more accurate TDOA estimation.The measured data obtained by using the software radio platform at 915 MHz and 2 GHz respectively verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Cluster-Based Interference-Free MAC Protocol with Load Aware in Software Defined VANET

In order to reduce the interference,a novel,cluster-based medium access control(MAC)protocol with load aware for VANETs is proposed in this paper.First,all vehicles on roads are grouped into stable clusters in the light of their direction,number of neighbors,link reliability,and traffic load.By utilizing the advantages of centralized control in software defined VANETs(SDVN),cluster stability can be maintained in real-time.Second,a contention-free MAC mechanism composed of inter-cluster multi-channel allocation and intra-cluster dynamic TDMA frame allocation is proposed to prevent co-channel interference and hidden terminal interference.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms some existing protocols in cluster stability,delivery ratio,throughput and delay performance.

Array (Smart) Antennas Improve GSM Performance

As wireless data applications over cellular networks become more widespread, the pressure to increase capacity will become even more intense. Capacity in the 800 and 900 MHz bands, where bandwidth is restricted, is already becoming a limiting factor. This paper attempts to address how the application of smart antenna systems has brought about improvements in call quality and increased capacity through reduced Interference in Mobile Communication. The smart antenna may be in a variety of ways to improve the performance of a communications system. Perhaps most importantly is its capability to cancel co-channel interference. It helps in improving the system performance by increasing the channel capacity, spectrum efficiency, extending range coverage, speech quality, enabling tighter reuse of frequencies within a cellular network and economically, feasible increased signal gain, greater, reduced multipath reflection. It has been argued that Smart antennas and the Algorithms to control them are vital to a high-capacity communication system development.

Capacity of orthogonal space-time block codes in MISO fading channels with co-channel interference and noise

Orthogonal space-time block codes （OSTBCs） are an efficient mean in order to exploit the diversity offered by the wireless multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） channel. This paper considers capacity problems of OSTBCs over spatially correlated multiple-input single-out （MISO） Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of spatially correlated Rayleigh co-channel interference and additive Gaussian noise, and derives exact expressions of the ergodic capacity and outage probability （capacity distribution） for such OSTBCs. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effect of co-channel interference on the ergodic and outage capacity of OSTBCs.

Robust linear receivers for STBC systems with unknown co-channel interference

Focusing on space-time block code （STBC） systems with unknown co-channel interference, an oblique projection-based robust linear receiver is proposed in this paper.Based on the oblique projection, the desired signal subspace and interference-plus-noise subspace are first identified from the received signal.Then the matched filter receiver is used to decode the STBC encoded signals in the desired signal subspace.Simulation results show that the proposed linear receiver obtains significant performance improvement over conventional Capon-type receivers under finite sample-size situations and in the presence of channel estimation errors.

GSM Co-Channel and Adjacent Channel Interference Analysis and Optimization

Most current Global System for Mobile Communications （GSM） frequency planning methods evaluate the interference and assign frequencies based on measurement reports. Assigning the same or adjacent frequencies to cells close to each other will introduce co-channel and adjacent channel interference which will reduce network performance. Traditionally, man power is used to check and allocate new frequencies which is time consuming and the accuracy is not satisfactory. This paper presents an intelligent analysis method for optimization of co-channel and adjacent channel interference by exploiting cell configuration information. The method defines an interference evaluation model by analyzing various factors such as the base station layer, the azimuth ward relationship, and the cell neighborhood relationships. The interference for each frequency is evaluated and the problem frequencies are optimized. This method is verified by a large number of actual datasets from an in-service GSM network. The results show this method has better intelligence, accuracy, timeliness, and visualization than traditional methods.

Inter-domain traffic balancing with co-channel interference management in multi-domain heterogeneous network for LTE-A

Heterogeneous network （Het-Net） is part of the long-term evolution advanced （LTE-A） study item and represents cellular deployments with a mixture of cells of different overlapping coverage areas, e.g., a number of relay and pico cells overlaid by a macro cell in the same frequency. Traffic balancing and interference management are required in Het-Net design for LTE-A to maintain system performance. In this paper, we propose an inter-domain cooperative traffic balancing scheme focusing on reducing the effective resource cost and mitigating the co-channel interference in multi-domain Het-Net. We first set up the conception of multi-domain in Het-Net and incorporate the co-channel interference into the proposed traffic balancing scheme. Then we model the traffic balancing issue as a multi-domain traffic resource optimization problem for minimizing the effective resource cost. The detailed implementation for the proposed traffic balancing scheme is designed. In the numerical evaluation, the genetic algorithm （GA） as an optimization method is used to demonstrate that the total effective resource cost is significantly reduced through our proposed inter-domain traffic balancing scheme, comparing with the intra-domain traffic balancing scheme. The 43% of the resource cost is saved. In the system level simulation, the performance results of signal interference noise ratio （SINR） and throughput demonstrate that the proposed scheme has great advantages in interference management in Het-Net.

Improved Analysis of Co-Channel Interference in Cellular Communications Systems

In terms of the carrier-to-interference-ratio, the performance of co-channel interference in cellular communications systems is studied. The approach is based on an improved analysis, which allows to take into account some area in the desired sector may not be interfered by some co-channel sectors with exact geometrical analysis, instead of the entire sector interfered by some co-channel sectors. Other features, such as power control and the number of interferences are also included.

Codebook selected beamforming algorithm for multiuser MIMO systems

For reducing the inter-user interference in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output（MU-MIMO） wireless communication systems,e.g.,MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（MIMO-OFDM） systems,it is often desirable to the complex preprocessing at the transmitter.This paper proposes a multi-user beamforming algorithm with sub-codebook selection.Based on the minimal leakage criterion,the codebook selection,limited feed-forward and minimum mean square error（MMSE） detection are combined in the proposed algorithm.This avoids the complex channel matrix decomposition and inversion.Consequently,the computational complexity at the transmitter is significantly reduced.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than existing beamforming algorithms.

利用最大信号泄露噪声比设计多用户VBLAST系统下行链路

该文针对多用户MIMO系统提出利用最大信号泄漏信噪比准则设计多用户VBLAST下行链路的方法。相对于以多用户系统中广泛关注的块对角化方法设计多用户VBLAST下行链路,所提方法性能有较大的提高。另外,相对于块对角化方法对天线数目的约束,该文所提方法在不满足块对角化的条件下仍能拥有不错的性能。仿真表明该方法拥有优异的性能。

慢病毒介导的DREAM沉默治疗在坐骨神经慢性压迫模型大鼠疼痛中的作用及其对GALR1的表达调控

目的甘丙肽受体1(galanin receptor 1,GALR1)信号通路在痛觉调节中发挥重要作用,该研究利用坐骨神经慢性压迫(chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve,CCI)大鼠模型,探索慢病毒介导的DREAM沉默治疗在CCI模型大鼠疼痛中的作用及其对GALR1的表达调控。方法选择健康雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组(n=6):即RNA干扰组、空白载体组、单纯CCI组和正常对照组。鞘内置管前后分别测定基础痛阈,RNA干扰组和空白载体组于CCI后经微导管给予pKCSHR-Puro/GFP-DREAM慢病毒和空白载体,并测定腰段脊髓内下游调控元件拮抗分子(downstream regulatory element antagonist,DREAM)和GALR1的蛋白表达。结果大鼠痛阈的变化:手术同侧热痛阈和机械痛阈测定结果表明,CCI处理后,RNA干扰组、空白载体组及单纯CCI组在各个时间点热痛阈和机械痛阈较正常对照组均显著降低(P<0.01);RNA干扰组鞘内注射后较注射前痛阈显著升高,治疗后相同时间点RNA干扰组较空白载体组及单纯CCI组痛阈亦显著升高。Western blotting结果表明,与其他实验组对比,RNA干扰组的DREAM蛋白表达水平显著下调,而GALR1蛋白表达水平较空白载体组、单纯CCI组亦有显著下调。结论 DREAM可以调控GALR1的表达,提示甘丙肽受体1信号通路参与DREAM基因调节大鼠神经病理性疼痛。

异构无线网络干扰对齐技术研究

由于宏蜂窝和微蜂窝所构建的异构网络可以大幅提高网络的容量而成为未来移动通信的发展趋势,但是微蜂窝的引入增加了异构网中小区的数量,使得小区间同道干扰更加突出,成为限制异构网容量的主要因素,因此,需要研究有效的干扰抑制技术以增强网络性能。近年提出的干扰对齐技术能够获得干扰网络的最大自由度并可达其最优容量。为此研究了基于低秩干扰空间的多小区干扰对齐技术,然后将其推广到异构无线网络,提出了优化的异构网络干扰对齐方案。仿真结果表明,优化后的干扰对齐技术能够有效提高网络容量并降低实现复杂度。

STC-OFDM系统中基于扩展贝叶斯滤波的鲁棒共信道干扰抑制算法研究

空时编码正交频分复用(STC-OFDM)系统易受共信道干扰(CCI)影响,利用波束成形可以抑制共信道干扰的影响。然而,目前存在的一些方法都是基于期望信号波达方向(DOA)的精确估计的。实际上,当期望信号的波达方向存在误差时,这些波束成形器的性能将明显下降。为此,该文提出了基于扩展贝叶斯滤波的鲁棒波束成形算法来提高当期望信号的波达方向存在误差时的系统性能。在这一算法中,每一个期望信号的波达方向被看成一个由若干离散样点组成的随机变量。利用贝叶斯公式对这些样点的后验概率进行估计,当有样点的后验概率低于一定的门限值时,对这些样点进行重采样,使有效样点的数目保持恒定。最后,波束成形器的最优权值由这些样点的后验概率加权获取。仿真结果表明,该文算法对抑制多径信道中STC-OFDM系统的共信道干扰具有很强的鲁棒性。

带有同道干扰的MIMO系统性能分析

鉴于已有评估MIMO系统性能的方法没有引入同道干扰而导致评估数据不准确,给出了一种准确评估MIMO系统性能的方法,并且通过K-best检测算法检验该方法的准确性。进而利用此估计方法评估了带有同道干扰的MIMO系统性能,并分析了同道干扰对系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明,随着干扰源的增加,同道干扰对MIMO系统的影响愈加明显。由于考虑了系统的同道干扰,故给出的估计方法更准确地评估了MIMO系统的性能。

存在同信道干扰和多用户分集的多蜂窝系统性能分析

考虑存在来自其他蜂窝的不同功率同信道干扰的多用户上行链路,分析了基站采用多用户调度和最大比合并接收时的系统性能.在期望信号和干扰信号分别为Nakgami-m和Rayleigh时,运用基于概率密度函数的性能分析法推导了系统中断概率和平均误符号率(ASER)的闭合表达式.仿真结论显示,系统中断概率和ASER的解析曲线与数值仿真结果一致,系统性能随着天线数和用户数的增大而提升,多天线和多用户分集增益明显,干扰功率有较大差异时系统中断概率性能有所下降.

存在共道干扰的多径衰落环境中手机双天线系统性能研究

将城市室外电波传播模型、手机天线本征激励方向图以及信号合并方式相结合 ,建立了分析在具有共道干扰的多径衰落环境中手机双天线系统的性能模型。用这一模型研究了采用最优合并方式的手机上双单极子天线系统的性能 ,分析了合并性能受共道干扰强度、天线互耦以及机身的影响。

Rayleigh信道下的多小区下行链路性能分析

针对存在来自相邻蜂窝小区的同信道、不同功率信道干扰的单用户下行链路场景,分析了基站和用户均为单天线时的系统性能。系统模型为两个基站、两个用户,基站与用户均为单天线。在期望信号和干扰信号均为Rayleigh分布时,运用基于概率密度函数性能分析法推导了系统中断概率;基于瞬时信干噪比(SINR)的推导,并对瞬时误符号率(SER)取平均的方法推导了平均误符号率(ASER)的闭合表达式和用户的接收SINR的n阶矩;根据用户接收平均SINR的n阶矩表达式,推导并分析了用户接收平均SINR的衰落量(AF)性能。计算机仿真了在不同干扰功率下多小区系统的中断概率、ASER的性能以及AF性能。仿真结果表明:单小区和多小区系统的中断概率、ASER和AF的解析曲线均与数值仿真结果一致。系统性能随着干扰基站功率的降低而提升,系统性能随发送功率的增加增益明显。

多蜂窝上行链路通信系统性能分析

考虑存在来自其他蜂窝的不同功率同信道干扰的多用户上行链路,分析了多天线基站采用多用户调度和最大比合并接收时的系统性能。在期望信号和干扰信号分别经历Nakgami-m和Rayleigh衰落时,运用基于概率密度函数的性能分析法推导了系统中断概率的闭合表达式。仿真结论显示,系统中断概率的解析曲线与数值仿真结果一致,系统性能随着天线数和用户数的增大而提升,多天线和多用户分集增益明显,干扰功率有较大差异时系统中断概率性能有所下降。

基于压缩感知的同频干扰下LTE系统信道估计算法

本文提出一种基于压缩感知的同频干扰下长期演进系统信道估计方法。与现有方法不同,本文将干扰和噪声区别对待,利用干扰信号结构建立该系统下多小区信道估计模型(MCCE)。由于无线信道在宽带系统下表现出较为明显的稀疏特性,本文将压缩感知技术应用于上述模型,通过求解新的感知矩阵,并利用多输入多输出信道共有非零支撑集的特性,提出了适用于长期演进系统的联合改进子空间追踪算法(J-MSP),解决了上述模型下字典矩阵列相关度较高的问题;由于所提模型中含有未知的干扰符号,因此还需解决信道和干扰符号的联合估计。仿真结果和分析表明,本文方法在干扰与本小区同步时相比单小区信道估计方法性能显著提升,异步时与最大似然算法性能相当,同时也适用于无干扰场景。