Hawking effect and quantum nonthermal radiation of an arbitrarily accelerating charged black hole using a new tortoise coordinate transformation

Using a new tortoise coordinate transformation, this paper investigates the Hawking effect from an arbitrarily accelerating charged black hole by the improved Damour-Ruffini method. After the tortoise coordinate transformation, the Klein-Gordon equation can be written as the standard form at the event horizon. Then extending the outgoing wave from outside to inside of the horizon analytically, the surface gravity and Hawking temperature can be obtained automatically. It is found that the Hawking temperatures of different points on the surface are different. The quantum nonthermal radiation characteristics of a black hole near the event horizon is also discussed by studying the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in curved spacetime and the maximum overlap of the positive and negative energy levels near the event horizon is given. There is a dimensional problem in the standard tortoise coordinate and the present results may be more reasonable.

Impact of coupling coordination development of port and city environments on urban economic competitiveness:Evidence from the coastal port cities in eastern China

Promoting the coupling coordination development of port and its hinterland city environments is an important way to improve urban economic competitiveness.Based on relevant data of 13 coastal port cities in eastern China from 2000 to 2018,this study explores the coupling coordination development of port and city environments and its impact on urban economic competitiveness by constructing the coupling coordination degree model and the panel threshold model.The research results show that:(1)In terms of the coupling coordination development of port and city environments,most coastal ports and their hinterland cities are in a state of moderate or serious disorder.Overall,the degree of coupling coordination of port and city environments needs to be further improved;(2)The coupling coordination degree of port and city environments has a significant impact on urban economic competitiveness,and this effect gradually increases with the development of the ports and the urban economy.Among the variables that impact the urban economic competitiveness,fixed assets investment and foreign trade are significant factors that can enhance urban economic competitiveness.(3)At present,there is a“U-shaped”relationship between the coupling coordination degree of port-city environments and the urban economic competitiveness.This relationship lies on the right side of the inflection point of the“U-shaped”curve.Therefore,following the concept of assigning priority to ecological development,expanding fixed assets investment and actively developing foreign trade can further enhance the urban economic competitiveness.

Evaluation and welfare effect of coordinated ecological development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Regional coordinated ecological development is a new form of regional coordinated development that aims to construct an ecological civilization in the“new normal”period.The coordinated ecological development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region is especially significant because this region is leading the overall coordinated development and reform in China.Based on complex system theory,synergetics,and the ecological civilization and green development ideas of the“new normal”period,we constructed a regional ecological synergy measurement model that scientifically evaluates the dynamic evolution of the BTH ecological synergy level from 2006 to 2018.Using an econometric model,we also analyzed the welfare effect and the regional heterogeneity of ecological synergy in regional development.First,it was found that in general,the degree of ecological synergy in BTH increased yearly up to 2018 with a strong development trend.The speed of ecological synergy in the Tianjin-Hebei and Beijing-Hebei subsystems was accelerating during that period,but the development potential of the ecological synergy in Beijing-Tianjin was insufficient and slow-growing.Second,whereas Beijing had entered the stage of moderate coordinated ecological development,Tianjin and Hebei remained in the low level of coordinated development;moreover,the coordinated development was unstable.The uneven development of the internal subsystems in BTH restricted the development of the cooperative effect and the overall development of the region.Third,improving the degree of ecological synergy significantly benefited the social and economic welfare in BTH.Finally,the welfare effect of the degree of ecological synergy showed a significant regional heterogeneity,being significantly higher in Tianjin and Hebei than in Beijing.This result indicates that improving the ecological synergy can narrow the development gaps between Tianjin,Hebei,and Beijing.To further improve the level of regional ecological synergy,we should innovate the coordinated model of regional development,implement the collaborative ecological development model,generate new growth drivers for the green development of BTH based on a reasonable division of labor,difference positioning,and active integration,create a soft environment for an innovation ecosystem that promotes regional ecological synergy,and build a regional innovation ecosystem led by Beijing and Xiongan.Next,we should establish a balanced regional-interest mechanism with ecological environmental protection that supports regional green and high-quality development.

Axial Coordination Effects of Pyridine on the Electrochemistry of (TPP)Co in 1,2-Dichloroethane Solution

The electrochemistry of (TPP)Co in the presence of pyridine was investigated in dichloroethane solution by cyclic voltammetry. With the addition of pyridine to the solution, the reduction peaks of the axial complex compounds, (TPP)Co(III)(Py) and (TPP)Co(III)(Py)(2) were observed. It was found that the reduction peak of Co(II)/Co(I) shifted to about -1.20V (SCE) with the increase of added pyridine. The new reduction peak may be attributed to the direct reduction of the axially complex (TPP)Co(II)(Py).

Effects of synthesis conditions on layered Li[Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)]O_2 positive-electrode via hydroxide co-precipitation method for lithium-ion batteries

Layered Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 was synthesized with complex metal hydroxide precursors that were prepared by a co-precipitation method.The influence of coordination between ammonia and transition-metal cations on the structural and electrochemical properties of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 materials was studied.It is found that when the molar ratio of ammonia to total transition-metal cations is 2.7：1,uniform particle size distribution of the complex metal hydroxide is observed via scanning electron microscopy.The average particle size of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 materials was measured to be about 500 nm,and the tap-density was measured to be approximately 2.37 g/cm3,which is comparable with that of commercialized LiCoO2.XRD analysis indicates that the presently synthesized Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 has a hexagonal layered-structure.The initial discharge capacity of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 positive-electrode material is determined to be 181.5 mA·h/g using a Li/Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cell operated at 0.1C in the voltage range of 2.8-4.5 V.The discharge capacity at the 50th cycle at 0.5C is 170.6 mA·h/g.

Coordination Effect-Promoted Durable Ni(OH)_(2) for Energy-Saving Hydrogen Evolution from Water/ Methanol Co-Electrocatalysis

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a viable technique for generating hydrogen but is precluded from the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reactions(OER).Small molecule oxidation reactions with lower working potentials,such as methanol oxidation reactions,are good alternatives to OER with faster kinetics.However,the typically employed Ni-based electrocatalysts have poor activity and stability.Herein,a novel three-dimensional(3D)-networking Modoped Ni(OH)_(2) with ultralow Ni-Ni coordination is synthesized,which exhibits a high MOR activity of 100 mA cm^(−2) at 1.39 V,delivering 28 mV dec^(−1) for the Tafel slope.Meanwhile,hydrogen evolution with value-added formate co-generation is boosted with a current density of more than 500 mA cm^(−2) at a cell voltage of 2.00 V for 50 h,showing excellent stability in an industrial alkaline concentration(6 M KOH).Mechanistic studies based on density functional the-ory and X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that the improved performance is mainly attributed to the ultralow Ni-Ni coordination,3D-networking structures and Mo dopants,which improve the catalytic activity,increase the active site density and strengthen the Ni(OH)_(2)3D-networking structures,respectively.This study paves a new way for designing electrocatalysts with enhanced activity and durability for industrial energy-saving hydrogen production.

The Coupling of Voltage and Frequecncy Response in Splitting Island and Its Effects on Load-shedding Relays

The voltage and frequency dynamics interact with each other in the island after splitting. The current frequency response model without considering the voltage effect would bring remarkable errors when analyzing the frequency dynamic progress in the island with large-capacity active-power shortage. In this paper, coupling effects of voltage and frequency are studied to indicate that initial reactive-power deficit and load characteristics have strong effects on the coupling effects of the voltage and frequency. Moreover, control effects of currently used under frequency load-shedding relays (UFLS) and under voltage load-shedding relays (UVLS) which are installed and executed independently are examined to find that it would sometimes cause excessive or inadequate control without considering the coupling, suggesting that it is necessary to develop coordinate control methods for voltage and frequency problems.

Effect of intervention treatment from different stages on prognosis in children with central coordination disturbance

BACKGROUND： Central coordination disturbance is regarded as the early-stage symptom of brain injury-induced cerebral palsy. This disease manifests itself as motor disorder, abnormal attitudinal reflex and muscular tension. Early intervention may improve its prognosis. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of intervention treatment from different stages on the prognosis of central coordination disturbance following brain injury in children patients. DESIGN： A contrast observation experiment SETTING： Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Urumqi Children＇s Hospital PARTICIPANTS ： Totally 151 children who were diagnosed as central coordination disturbance from January 2002 to December 2003 in the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation of Urumqi Children＇s Hospital were recruited. All the children patients, including 101 male and 50 female, aged from 3 months to 1 year old, met the diagnosis criteria of central coordination disturbance from Vojta. They were divided into slight, moderate and severe abnormity according to Vojta attitudinal reflex. All 151 patients were divided into 2 groups according to their age at diagnosis： 3-6 months old group （n=74）, 62 severe, 10 moderate and 2 slight; 7-12 months old group （n=77）, 66 severe, 7 moderate and 4 slight. All the relatives of children patients were informed of the experiment. METHODS： ① Both groups received physical training （PT） as the main treatment; Hand training was given if necessary. All of the patients received additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy, bioelectric therapy, scalp acupuncture, drug treatment and family training. The importance of integration of hospital and family based rehabilitation was stressed. Those who did not catch up with the normal development or had abnormal reflexes continued to receive treatment. ② Around the age of 2 years old, all children did a final evaluation using Bayley Scales of Infant Development （BSID）. Mental development index （MDI） and physical development index （PDI） were taken as evaluative criteria. Children with scores 80 and above on MDI and PDI were considered to have normal motor and mental development; 79 and below were considered delayers. The Diagnostic Criteria of Cerebral Palsy and Infantecondary School Social Adaptation Scale were used in the final evaluation[scores ≤5 was extremely severe （extremely severe cerebral palsy）, 6 was severe（severe cerebral palsy）, 7 was moderate（moderate cerebral palsy）, 8 was slight（slight cerebral palsy）, 9 was borderline（slight cerebral palsy）, 10 was normal, 11 was above average, 12 was excellent and ≥13 was extremely excellent]. ③ Final evaluative results of 2 groups were compared. And u test was used for the comparison of Bayley development index and Chi-square test for the comparison of normalization rate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： BSID MDI and PDI as well as the normalization rate of motor function and mental behavior of children patients at 2 years old. RESULTS： Totally 151 children patients entered the stage of result analysis. ①Two groups of children patients were given integrated rehabilitation therapy , and evaluated at 2 years old . The 3-6 months old group had higher MDI and PDI than the 7-12 months old group （91.81＋19.99 vs 71.93＋18.98;91.55＋23.61 vs 68.95＋23.51, u=6.265,5.894,P 〈 0.01 ）.②After being given integrated rehabilitation therapy, children patients of 3-6 months old group had significantly higher normalization rate of motor function and mental behavior than 7-12 months old group （73% ,27%,X2=29.723 9,P 〈 0.01 ）. ③Six slight and 17 moderate central coordination disturbance children of 2 groups all completely recovered; After intervention treatment, among 128 severe central coordination disturbance children, 52 recovered and 76 were still abnormal, in which, 43 slight cerebral palsy, 18 moderate cerebral palsy, 5 severe cerebral palsy and 10 extremely severe cerebral palsy. CONCLUSION： To perform integrated intervention treatment before 6 months old can better improve and promote mental and physical development levels of children patients with central coordination disturbance after brain injury than 6 months later.

深井松软围岩煤巷采动增跨效应及防控技术

针对深井松软煤巷围岩变形严重、巷道支护困难等问题,以城郊煤矿LW21106工作面沿空巷道为工程背景,建立了采动巷道增跨模型,揭示了采动增跨效应演化机理。通过构建巷道顶板横纵弯曲梁模型,指出顶板横向受力、巷道等效跨度、煤岩强度是巷道围岩损伤破坏的主控因素,提出了采动增跨效应防控对策并进行工业性试验。研究结果表明:受采动影响,巷道经历“初始围岩稳定—围岩裂隙发育扩展—围岩剪切破坏加剧—等效跨度增加”过程;巷道顶板最大正应力与应力集中系数、顶板等效跨度、巷道断面尺寸及埋深成正相关关系;巷道顶板在高应力环境下易发生拉剪破坏,增加顶板锚索数量以及锚索预紧力有利于增强顶板初期完整性。基于巷道变形破坏主控因素,提出“围岩加固–卸压–强化支护”协同防控策略;针对现场条件,采用煤柱侧向切顶+注浆加固并对破碎区域补充锚索强化支护的防控技术。现场监测结果表明,煤柱帮最大移近量为18.89cm,顶板下沉量为25.86cm,两帮移近量为29.65 cm,有效控制了煤巷围岩变形,为深井松软围岩巷道变形控制提供了参考。

生态农业培训效果的耦合协调度研究

为未来生态农业培训模式设计和创新实践提供理论和现实依据,进而为农业高质量发展提供政策启示,基于2012—2021年我国31个省(市、自治区)的相关统计数据,分析政策支持、市场竞争、环保意识、培训资源四个要素之间的耦合协调关系。运用耦合协调度模型,构建影响生态农业培训效果要素系统的协同度评价模型,分析政策支持、市场竞争、环保意识、培训资源四个要素之间耦合协调的时空演变特征。在此基础上,通过障碍度模型识别出制约生态农业培训效果的关键因素,探究我国生态农业培训效果影响要素耦合协调的变化趋势与制约因素。研究发现:2012—2021年全国31个省(市、自治区)四要素耦合协调度整体表现为上升趋势,由0.478增至0.565,增幅为36.61%,但耦合协调度相对较低;在空间分布方面,各省(市、自治区)四要素耦合协调度呈现显著正相关;各要素障碍度由大到小依次为:市场竞争、培训资源、政策支持、环保意识,影响各要素耦合协调的主要障碍因子为政策支持中的政府补助金额,市场竞争中的涉农院校数量,环保意识中的有机肥的投入量,培训资源中的培训场地面积。

中国降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同发展空间关联网络特征及影响因素研究

协同推进降碳-减污-扩绿-增长已成为我国经济社会发展全面绿色转型的必然选择。基于我国30个省份面板数据(不包含港澳台地区以及西藏自治区数据),运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和社会网络分析方法,分析各省份间降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同演变趋势及空间关联网络特征。结果表明:①各省份降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应的变化趋势基本一致,但在空间上呈现东部>东北>西部>中部的区域不均衡特征。②降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应呈现以东部地区为核心的复杂空间网络结构,省际间空间关联性呈上升态势,但网络结构稳定性还有待提高。③北京市、天津市和上海市等地区凭借优越区位,在关联网络中处于主导地位,而宁夏回族自治区、黑龙江省和新疆维吾尔自治区等地区对其他地区的影响较小。④北京市、天津市和上海市等地区属于“主受益”板块,浙江省、广东省等地区属于“经纪人板块”,安徽省、江西省和湖北省等地区属于“净溢出”板块。⑤降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应的空间关联网络受多种因素共同影响,人力资本水平、科技投入、市场化水平和数字经济发展均有利于空间关联关系的建立。研究显示,中国降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应存在空间关联性,需进一步加强省份间的绿色合作与交流,共同推动降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同发展。

主体论视域下涉案企业合规有效性审查的三种模式

刑事诉讼全流程合规改革围绕合规有效性审查主体逐渐呈现出第三方组织审查、检察机关审查、法院审查三种模式。但三种审查模式在制度设计、程序衔接、标准统一等方面均存在一定的问题,不利于涉案企业合规改革工作的推进。第三方组织审查应将合规计划审查与合规整改评估一体化考量,前者秉持以“定性分析”为主的逻辑,后者秉持以“定量分析”为主的逻辑,并量化审查、评估标准,优化配套措施。在检察机关审查模式中,应当合理区分“范式合规”和“简式合规”,明确检察机关以定性分析为主、定量分析为辅的合规考察报告审查模式,以区别于第三方组织审查模式。在法院审查模式中,应通过检察听证会、第三方管委会预备审查等方式强化对合规整改有效性的审查,以实现对检察裁量权的合理限制,并以检法协同的模式,在审理阶段共同推动合规案件的办理。

数字经济与绿色物流的协同发展研究——以智慧城市试点城市为例

文章选取108个智慧城市试点城市2017-2021年面板数据,采用耦合协调模型,对试点城市中数字经济与绿色物流的协同程度进行评价。在此基础上,通过固定效应模型,检验试点城市中数字经济与绿色物流协同关系的影响因素。研究发现:108个智慧城市试点中,华北、华东地区中的试点城市耦合协调度相对较高,西北、东北地区中的试点城市耦合协调度相对较低,不同等级城市之间的耦合协调度存在梯度差异。经济发展水平、信息化水平以及技术行业人力资本对耦合协调关系存在显著相关关系,产业结构与环境建设对耦合协调发展均没有显著影响。

数字金融与经济高质量发展:双向赋能还是单向驱动——基于时空交互视角

本文以中国30个省份为研究对象,应用耦合协调度模型考察数字金融与经济高质量发展耦合协调时空演变特征,刻画两者相互影响、相互作用的典型事实后,构建空间联立方程模型研究数字金融与经济高质量发展的交互作用。研究发现:数字金融与经济高质量发展存在耦合协调关系,时序演化上两者耦合协调度呈现稳定上升趋势,且表现出区域间的差异性和收敛性,但仍存在较大提升空间;空间演变上表现为明显的“分散→聚集”特征。在本地内,数字金融与经济高质量发展已形成双向赋能的良性循环,数字金融赋能经济高质量发展存在“中部>西部>东部”的强度差异,经济高质量发展赋能数字金融的提质效应明显高于增量效应。在邻域内,仅存在着数字金融对经济高质量发展的单向驱动作用,暂未实现双向赋能。

绿色金融与技术创新耦合协调对低碳经济发展的影响

绿色金融与技术创新耦合协调是发展新质生产力的重要着力点,是实现低碳经济发展的必由之路。本文选取2000—2021年中国省级面板数据,利用熵值法测算低碳经济发展综合指数,在此基础上使用双向固定效应模型检验绿色金融与技术创新耦合协调对低碳经济发展的影响。研究结果表明,低碳经济发展整体表现为稳定上升的趋势,且呈现“东高、中平、西低”的分布格局;省域绿色金融与技术创新耦合协调主要呈现高耦合协调度,且由沿海地区向内陆地区递减;绿色金融与技术创新耦合协调对低碳经济发展具有正向影响,同时绿色金融与技术创新耦合协调对低碳经济发展产生空间溢出效应。基于上述结果,为进一步优化绿色金融与技术创新协调发展和助力低碳经济发展,应注重“绿色”和“蓝色”资源优势,实施差异化低碳经济发展战略;以“空间治理”为抓手,促进区域绿色金融和技术创新协调发展;完善协同政策,有效提升新质生产力;加强区域空间重塑,充分发挥耦合协调的空间溢出效应。

非挤土桩对于砂土地层地震液化的影响机制研究

如何通过工程措施实现地基抗液化能力的有效提升,是岩土工程领域近年来研究的热点问题之一。非挤土桩作为地基处理的常用措施,其加固后地层的抗液化能力能否得到提升,在学术界还存在着一定争议,主要原因是其对于砂层地震液化的影响机制尚未明确。针对该问题,本文开展了干砂及饱和砂土原状场地与非挤土桩加固场地的超重力模型试验,通过对比不同试验中地层的动力响应与超静孔隙水压力的发生发展规律,首次发现非挤土桩对于地层的作用机制并非仅有“刚度效应”,还有因振动过程中桩-土变形不协调而产生的附加作用力,该作用力将显著提升浅层土体的应力及应变水平,加大其液化的可能性,且随着埋深增加,该附加作用力逐渐变小,“刚度效应”将逐渐占据主导地位,相关研究成果可为进一步揭示非挤土桩抗震加固机理、评估其加固效果提供一定的基础和支撑。

降雨作用下考虑结构面劣化的边坡块体稳定性评价

降雨是诱发边坡失稳,发生崩塌、落石、滑坡的一个主要诱因,降雨作用下结构面强度会发生劣化,导致边坡块体失稳塌落,引起地质灾害,对人民生命财产构成严重威胁。基于离散元数值分析方法,考虑降雨作用对结构面抗剪强度的影响,分析结构面强度参数劣化及孔隙水压力变化规律,建立抗剪强度劣化模型;结合坐标投影原理提出考虑降雨作用下结构面强度劣化效应的块体稳定性系数计算方法;基于有限元分析方法研究降雨强度与降雨历时对岩质边坡块体稳定性的影响,并进一步分析稳定性系数与降雨强度及降雨历时的关系,提出降雨作用下考虑结构面劣化的边坡块体稳定性评价方法。研究表明,不同含水率作用下结构面的抗剪强度劣化不仅受黏聚力和内摩擦角影响,还与孔隙水压力有关,针对单滑面和双滑面型块体构建了考虑结构面降雨劣化的稳定性分析数学模型,提出的以降雨时长、降雨强度和块体稳定性关系曲线的共同评价体系可为边坡块体稳定性评价提供科学依据,并推动边坡地质灾害防治和工程建设发展。

双向FDI协调发展对中国区域经济韧性的影响研究

构建高水平开放型经济新优势,推动双向FDI高效互动与协调发展,是提升中国区域经济韧性的重要路径。基于2003-2021年中国30个省市区面板数据,运用固定效应、中介效应和空间杜宾模型实证分析双向FDI协调发展对中国区域经济韧性的影响及作用机理。结果表明:双向FDI协调发展显著促进了区域经济韧性提升,该结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;区域经济韧性存在空间依赖性,双向FDI协调发展对邻近地区经济韧性具有显著的正面溢出效应;机制检验表明,双向FDI协调发展通过提升资源配置效率和技术创新水平间接促进区域经济韧性提升;拓展性分析发现,双向FDI协调发展对区域经济韧性的提升效应由东部地区向西部地区依次减弱,考虑税赋冲击、金融危机以及人口结构冲击后双向FDI协调发展对区域经济韧性仍具有显著的促进效应。文章澄清了双向FDI协调发展对区域经济韧性的影响机理,对如何通过双向FDI政策赋能区域经济韧性提升提供了更为宽广的思路。

基于综合评价法的城市治理效能评价体系构建及应用研究

城市治理效能评价体系是有效提升城市治理效能的重要支撑工具。立足城市科技、经济和生态系统治理视角,本文将理想解模型、贡献度模型、协调度模型进行耦合,构建综合评价法,开展北京城市治理效能评价。研究表明,2015—2022年北京城市治理效能指数稳步提升,年均增速为3.32%,生态舒适宜居指数、科技创新指数、经济高质量发展指数的年均增速依次递减,分别为3.63%、3.54%、2.86%。科技、经济、生态对北京城市治理效能的平均贡献度基本趋同,城市科技、经济、生态的发展较为均衡。北京城市科技—经济—生态系统的协调治理效能较高,自2019年开始已达到优质协调治理等级。为此,文中提出了北京城市治理效能提升的对策建议,包括加快提升北京城市科技创新能力、加速推动经济高质量发展、强化生态舒适宜居保障三方面措施。

养老保险全国统筹下的委托代理问题:经办机构垂直管理是不是破解之匙?

2022年我国职工养老保险正式实现全国统筹。然而,受制于现行“央地共管”社会保障模式,全国统筹易引发中央与地方政府间委托代理问题,不利于全国统筹目标的顺利实现。在此背景下,经办机构全国垂直管理能否成功化解委托代理问题?利用省级改革近似模拟全国改革,构建计量和精算模型发现:第一,职工养老保险省级统筹造成有效费率降低2.40%,若同时辅以经办机构省级垂直管理,有效费率会提高2.90%;第二,异质性检验结果表明,经办机构实现垂直管理在老龄化程度高和国有经济占比低的地区效果更好;第三,从养老保险经办流程看,统筹层次提高将导致地方政府在参保登记环节放松监管以创造招商引资优势,实现垂直管理后此类寻租行为将得到有效改善;第四,未实现全国统筹下2023—2050年间政府养老保险累计支出达到718.02万亿,实现全国统筹后财政支出规模增加19.06%,若辅以经办机构全国垂直管理,政府养老保险支出规模将下降23.08%。综上,为确保全国统筹政策效应的有效释放,研究认为应采取渐进式改革路径,即首先建立起市级政府对县区级政府垂直管理的经办体系,然后做实养老保险经办机构省级垂直管理,最后再构建起从中央到地方的垂直管理体系,以期推动职工养老保险制度高质量发展。