Recent progress in co-detection of single-cell transcripts and proteins

Cellular heterogeneity is a universal property of living systems,and the interrogation of single cells facilitates in-depth understanding of distinct cellular states and functions in various biological processes.Co-analysis of transcripts and proteins from the same single cells opens the way to decipher complex RNA regulatory frameworks and phenotypes,facilitating the understanding of cellular fate and function regulations,discovery of novel cell types,and construction of a high-resolution cell atlas.Herein,we review the state-of-art advances in the development of methodologies for co-analysis of single-cell transcripts and proteins.First,imaging-based methods are summarized with particular emphasis on optical and mass spectrometry imaging.Next,sequencing-based approaches for high-throughput and sensitive co-analysis of single-cell transcripts and proteins are described,including droplet-,microwell-,and split-pool-based platforms.Subsequently,combined methods with more flexibility and universality are discussed.These methods commonly employ different strategies or reactions to convert transcripts and proteins of single cells into distinct signals simultaneously,which can be detected by different instruments or platforms.Lastly,some perspectives on the future challenges and development trends in this field are presented.

Bandwidth-Efficient Transmission Method for User View-Oriented Video Services

The trend in video viewing has been evolving beyond simply providing a multi-view option.Recently,a function that allows selection and viewing of a clip from a multi-view service that captures a specific range or object has been added.In particular,the free-view service is an extended concept of multi-view and provides a freer viewpoint.However,since numerous videos and additional data are required for its construction,all of the clips constituting the content cannot be simultaneously provided.Only certain clips are selected and provided to the user.If the video is not the preferred video,change request is made,and a delay occurs during retransmission from the server.Delays due to frequent re-requests degrade the overall quality of service.For free-view services,selectively transmitting the video according to the user’s desired viewpoint and region of interest within the limited network of available videos is important.In this study,we propose a method of screening and providing the correct video based on objects in the contents.Based on the method of recognizing the object in each clip,we designed a method of setting its priority based on information about the object’s location for each viewpoint.During the transmission and receiving process using this information,the selected video can be rapidly recognized and changed.Herein,we present a service system configuration method and propose video selection examples for free-view services.