An Approach to Integrated and Concurrent Product Development

A concurrent product development example is used in this paper to introduce a roadmap for integrated and concurrent product development. The roadmap covers the following steps: (1)enterprise problem specifying; (2)information integration modeling; (3)integrated products development team modeling; (4)product development process modeling; and (5) integrated information-process-organization modeling. They have been successfully applied in the major pilot project of "Concurrent Engineering" of the 863 Programme of China.

Task Decomposition Technique's Deduction and Application of Product Developing Process in Concurrent Engineering

Task decomposition is a kind of powerful technique increasingly being used within industry as a pathway for achieving product's developing success. In this paper, topology's concept in modern mathematics is used for task decomposition technique's deduction in product developing process. It puts fonvard the views of resolvability, measurability and connectivity of tasks and their practi-cal principles. Combined with an example of developing the typical mechanical product, it ex-plains the implementing method of task decomposition in Concurrent Engineering (CE).

Information Flow Scheduling in Concurrent Multi-Product Development Based on DSM

Multi-product collaborative development is adopted widely in manufacturing enterprise, while the present multi-project planning models don＇t take techni- cal/data interactions of multiple products into account. To decrease the influence of technical/data interactions on project progresses, the information flow scheduling models based on the extended DSM is presented. Firstly, infor- mation dependencies are divided into four types： series, parallel, coupling and similar. Secondly, different types of dependencies are expressed as DSM units, and the exten- ded DSM model is brought forward, described as a block matrix. Furthermore, the information flow scheduling methods is proposed, which involves four types of opera- tions, where partitioning and clustering algorithm are modified from DSM for ensuring progress of high-priority project, merging and converting is the specific computation of the extended DSM. Finally, the information flow scheduling of two machine tools development is analyzed with example, and different project priorities correspond to different task sequences and total coordination cost. The proposed methodology provides a detailed instruction for information flow scheduling in multi-product development, with specially concerning technical/data interactions.

A Real-time Concurrent Product and Process Design System for Mechanical Parts

A real time concurrent product and process design system for mechanical parts is described in this paper. It consists of integrated product model, the expert system of product manufacturability evaluation and the controller of concurrent design. With the help of the controller of concurrent design, each feature of a part can be designed and evaluated based on manufacturing knowledge and resources, and can be modified according to the results of evaluation. The machining method of design feature can be selected based on manufacturing knowledge. So real time concurrent product and process design can be implemented based on integrated product model that is established based on generalized feature. Products and its design process can be optimized with the help of this system. The information and function integration of product design process can be realized. The time to market and the cost of products can be reduced.

A CORBA-Based Integration Platform of Product Development Process Management for Concurrent Engineering

Product development process management plays an important role in concurrent engineering (CE). The integration platform is a useful tool for effectively supporting the software development and integration. Based on the analysis of practical requirements for product development process management for CE, a CORBA-based integration platform of product development process management (IP-PDPM) is designed and developed. The design principles for IP-PDPM are described. The system architecture and functions of the platform are given, the key technologies for the implementation of IP-PDPM are presented, the application integration mechanism and its implementation techniques are also detailed.

Research on Concurrent Design of Collaborative Product Commerce Oriented Discrete Manufacturing Enterprises

In order to fulfill the product concurrent design requirements of discrete manufacturing enterprises, this paper puts forth for the first time a Collaborative Product Commerce (CPC) oriented X2D (X to Design) theory, which can take Collaboration, Commerce and Concurrence (3C) into realization during the product design stage. At the same time, this research adopts VPN (Virtual Private Network) technique to ensure the security of product data and information during transportation. By building CPC oriented and VPN based framework of X2D product concurrent design system, the paper explores a way for discrete enterprises adapting to the drastically competitive market and performing their product innovation.

Concurrent Engineering oriented Integrated Product Model Based on STEP

In this paper, the generalized feature concept is put forward according to concurrent engineering. An integrated product model is established based on the generalized feature according to STEP in order to provide enrichment information for product concurrent development process. The integration of the information and function of CAD/CAPP can be realized based on the integrated product model that supports concurrent engineering. IPM has been used successfully in product concurrent development.

CONCURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PLANNING AND MIXED PRODUCT ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING

Reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems have enabled manufacturers to provide ＂cost effective＂ variety to the market. In spite of these new technologies, the expense of manufacturing makes it infeasible to supply all the possible variants to the market for some industries. Therefore, the determination of the right number of product variantsto offer in the product portfolios becomes an important consideration. The product portfolio planning problem had been independently well studied from marketing and engineering perspectives. However, advantages can be gained from using a concurrent marketing and engineering approach. Concurrent product development strategies specifically for reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems can allow manufacturers to select best product portfolios from marketing, product design and manufacturing perspectives. A methodology for the concurrent design of a product portfolio and assembly system is presented. The objective of the concurrent product portfolio planning and assembly system design problem is to obtain the product variants that will make up the product portfolio such that oversupply of optional modules is minimized and the assembly line efficiency is maximized. Explicit design of the assembly system is obtained during the solution of the problem. It is assumed that the demand for optional modules and the assembly times for these modules are known a priori. A genetic algorithm is used in the solution of the problem. The basic premise of this methodology is that the selected product portfolio has a significant impact on the solution of the assembly line balancing problem. An example is used to validate this hypothesis. The example is then further developed to demonstrate how the methodology can be used to obtain the optimal product portfolio. This approach is intended for use by manufacturers during the early design stages of product family design.

An Overview of Concurrent Engineering Research and Its Industrial Implementation in Chinese Enterprises

Concurrent Engineering (CE) is an effective way for enterprises to reengineer the product development processes and to improve the product development abilities. In this paper, the existing status of product development in Chinese manufacturing industry is analyzed, and the requirements of manufacturing technology for them are investigated. An overview of our CE R&D work is introduced, including product modeling, DFA, DFM, QFD, PDM, and other enabling technologies. A case study of the CE pilot project is discussed. The industrial implementation and application in Chinese enterprises are summarized.

A Reference Framework for Concurrent Engineering

Considering the diversity of methods and tools offered to concurrent engineering, the aspects playing important roles in the concurrent engineering context have been pinpointed as being four core elements which are Activity, Method, Object and Information. Based on these four elements, a reference framework called AMOI is proposed to be the guideline for the systematic concurrent product design. Using the AMOI reference framework, concurrent product development system can be structured into four function models (including the activity model, method model, object model and information model) which are interconnected with each other.

侵犯数据产品权利行为的刑法认定

通过刑法手段有效保护数据产品的权利,促进数据产品的安全高效流通与利用,是新质生产力发展的重要推动力,也是数字经济时代网络空间刑法之治进一步发展的必由之路。侵犯数据产品权利行为的刑法认定中面临界定数据产品法律属性、确定侵犯数据产品权利行为之刑法认定最优方案,以及如何适配传统罪刑规范体系对侵犯数据产品权利的行为进行有效规制等现实问题。三个问题之间环环相扣、层层递进,是数字经济时代构建有效保护数据产品权利的刑法机制时不可回避、必须解决的问题。于前者,数据产品的使用价值和交换价值应得以肯认;于中者,“数据犯罪说”“数据犯罪与财产犯罪竞合说”面临规范认定或方法论层面的障碍;于后者,需要根据数据产品的特征与存在形态,对财产犯罪中非法占有目的、占有转移、数额等对财产犯罪认定具有重要影响的事实重新进行构成要件符合性的判断,从而将传统财产犯罪的构成要件重新适配于侵犯数据产品权利行为的认定。

微罪立法下危险作业罪的限缩认定

危险作业罪的设立符合积极预防性刑法观下以微罪形式扩张犯罪圈的立法趋势,但在司法适用过程中存在缺乏实质性限缩认定及相关罪名适用混乱的问题,面临危险作业罪认定标准模糊、罪名适用纠缠不清的困境。为此,须规范违反的本质限定“有关安全管理规定”的内容、明晰“现实危险”的判断标准、明确罪过的故意本质、对危险作业罪构成要件要素限缩解释、实现危险作业罪定罪标准的具体化,从而在主、客观构成要件内容明确的基础上确定相关罪名界分标准及竞合适用,寻求危险作业罪微罪治理下的司法适用路径。

气顶边水油藏油气协同开发下流体界面运移特征

气顶边水油藏的开发,存在明显的油气水互侵现象,导致产量快速递减,开发难度增大。为了防止生产井过早停产,需明确流体界面运移特征,制定油气协同开发生产制度。通过油藏数值模拟方法,建立了月东油田气顶边水油藏实际模型与机理模型,根据气顶与边水作用能量强弱,将油气协同开发区域划分为边水控制区、气顶控制区和气顶边水联合控制区三类进行研究,综合评估气窜、水淹、油侵风险,明确油气、油水界面运移特征并形成运移速度图版。结果表明:随着开发的进行,气顶膨胀导致油气界面从油藏顶部向油井方向运移,边水侵入导致油水界面从油藏底部向油井与气井方向运移,油井存在气窜与水淹的风险,气井存在水淹与油侵的风险,剩余油主要分布在气顶下部和井间高部位,确定月东油田气顶边水油藏合理采气速度为6%~8%。基于实际与理论研究形成的成果认识为气顶边水油藏油气协同高效开发提供理论指导。

CONCURRENT PRODUCTION ENGINEERING SYSTEM FOR BUFFER SIZE AND FLEXIBLE TRANSFER LINE LAYOUT DESIGN

In this paper we propose a COncurrent Production Engineering System （COPES） for the flexible transfer line （FTL） layout design in a restricted area. COPES first determines the buffer size in front of the bay of each machine tool in the FTL and then initializes a computer aided design （CAD） system to draw the FTL in a restricted area. We develop a set of modules systems which have been integrated into a single framework, in accordance with the practice of concurrent engineering. Concurrent engineering involves the cooperation of these activities. It＇s expected that the developed COPES can improve the cooperation between production engineers＇ and the plant designer. This can be done by enabling the production engineers＇ to make better decision regarding FTL buffer size.

Optimizing Concurrent Product Development Process Using Genetic Algorithm

Scheduling concurrent activities is of great significance to shorten development lead time and minimize the cost, a heuristic optimization scheduling approach therefore is proposed for concurrent product development process, in which some uncertain crucial parameters are determined by genetic algorithm (GA). To ensure the optimal concurrent scheduling and the effective utilization of resources along with the fluent delivery of information, some key factors such as time order, information, resources, lead time and overlapping time of activities are taken into account adequately, and the weights of these factors are fixed by GA. In addition, role allocation and feedback revision process are realized in optimization module. The simulation example is a part of a certain product development process, and the results show the feasibility of the algorithm.

航空产品集成开发团队运行模式研究

集成产品开发团队已成为贯彻并行工程理念的一种标准组织模式。但是 ,对于航空等大型复杂产品的开发 ,需要建立集成产品开发团队群 ,因此面临团队内部的组织、团队之间的协调、多个团队的管理、团队群与已有组织框架结构之间的关系等一系列理论和实践问题。本文首先介绍了航空产品集成开发团队的组织方法 ,构建了集成产品开发团队群的框架结构 ,然后结合我国航空产品开发过程的管理现状 ,提出了集成产品开发团队与已有组织框架的协调方案。

并行工程环境的面向成本设计

在分析产品成本相关领域研究的基础上 ,提出了并行工程环境的面向成本的设计 (Designforcost,DFC)的概念、方法与体系结构。研究了在设计阶段进行产品成本估算的方法 。

产品数据管理（PDM）与并行设计的支撑环境

本文首先对并行工程中自动化ＣＥ环境的要求及ＰＤＭ技术作了简要介绍，并针对８６３／ＣＩＭＳ关键技术攻关项目“并行工程”的实施情况，研究了如何用商用ＰＤＭ软件实现对并行设计中的人员、工具、设备资源、产品数据以及数据生成过程的全面管理，最终提供并行设计所必需的运作环境。同时阐述了基于ＰＤＭ集成的几个典型问题。

并行工程中的两种并行实现模式研究

活动是产品开发流程的基本单元 ,研究其属性和描述模型是开展并行工程等产品开发模式技术研究的主要基础。本文提出一种从资源、技术和过程三个角度描述其属性的三维度活动模型 ,并通过对活动属性的分析 ,讨论并行工程中的两种并行实现模式 ,即在产品设计阶段 ,统筹考虑产品全生命周期要求的并行设计和在产品开发过程中通过信息预发布支持 。

支持并行设计的产品信息结构及实现工具研究

支持并行设计的产品信息结构是为了响应现代虚拟制造中对信息集成的需求而引出的概念。它是支持并行设计的产品信息的组织和排列模式 ,与产品建模、产品数据管理及先进制造模式之间有着密切的关联。本文主要从并行工程的角度 ,对支持并行设计的产品信息结构进行分析研究 ,阐述了其四层组织模型 ,建立起模型之间的映射关系 。