Is Public Co-Ordination of Investment in Information Security Desirable?

This paper provides for the presentation, in an integrated manner, of a sequence of results addressing the consequences of the presence of an information steward in an ecosystem under attack and establishes the appropriate defensive investment responses, thus allowing for a cohesive understanding of the nature of the information steward in a variety of attack contexts. We determine the level of investment in information security and attacking intensity when agents react in a non-coordinated manner and compare them to the case of the system’s coordinated response undertaken under the guidance of a steward. We show that only in the most well-designed institutional set-up the presence of the well-informed steward provides for an increase of the system’s resilience to attacks. In the case in which both the information available to the steward and its policy instruments are curtailed, coordinated policy responses yield no additional benefits to individual agents and in some case they actually compared unfavourably to atomistic responses. The system’s sustainability does improve in the presence of a steward, which deters attackers and reduces the numbers and intensity of attacks. In most cases, the resulting investment expenditure undertaken by the agents in the ecosystem exceeds its Pareto efficient magnitude.

Corotational nonlinear analyses of laminated shell structures using a 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element with drilling stiffness

A new 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element is developed for geometrically nonlinear analyses of thin and moderately thick laminated shell structures. The fiat shell element is constructed by combining a quadrilateral area co- ordinate method （QAC） based membrane element AGQ6- II, and a Timoshenko beam function （TBF） method based shear deformable plate bending element ARS-Q12. In order to model folded plates and connect with beam elements, the drilling stiffness is added to the element stiffness matrix based on the mixed variational principle. The transverse shear rigidity matrix, based on the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）, for the laminated composite plate is evaluated using the transverse equilibrium conditions, while the shear correction factors are not needed. The conventional TBF methods are also modified to efficiently calculate the element stiffness for laminate. The new shell element is extended to large deflection and post-buckling analyses of isotropic and laminated composite shells based on the element independent corotational formulation. Numerical re- sults show that the present shell element has an excellent numerical performance for the test examples, and is applicable to stiffened plates.

Inter-limb and intra-limb coordination control of quadruped robots

To realize the coordinated and stable rhythmic motion of quadruped robots （QRs）, the locomotion control method of QRs based on central pattern generator （CPG） was explored. In tradi- tional control strategies based on CPG, few CPG models care about the intra-limb coordination of QRs, and the durations of stance phase and swing phase are always equal. In view of these deficien- cies, a new and simpler multi-joint coordinated control method for both inter-limb and intra-limb was proposed in this paper. A layered CPG control network to realize the locomotion control of QRs was constructed by using modified Hopf oscillators. The coupled relationships among hip joints of all limbs and between hip joint and knee joint within a limb were established. Using the co-simulation method of ADAMS and MATLAB/Simulink, various gait simulation experiments were carried out and the effectiveness of the designed control network was tested. Simulation results show that the pro- posed control method is effective for QRs and can meet the control requirements of QRs＇ gaits with different duty factors.

Studies on the Synthesis and Complexing Behavior of Crown Ethers with External Coordination Center

The synthesis, characterization of five ditopic or tritopic crown compounds were reported in this paper together with the preparation of the corresponding hetero-dinuclear and hetero-trinuclear complexes with different metal cations.

Detection of QTL(quantitative trait loci) associated with wood density by evaluating genetic structure and linkage disequilibrium of teak

To find the quantitative trait loci associated with wood density in teak(Tectona grandis L.f.), 21 co-dominant markers including 13 site specific recombinase and 8 EST-based co-dominant markers designed from lignin biosynthesis genes were applied to 174 teak plus tree clones at the National Germplasm Bank, Chandrapur,India. The germplasm bank exhibited 10.6% coefficient of variation for wood densities with 84.5 ± 31.3 genetic polymorphism(%). The highly panmictic set of genotypes(FST= 0.035 ± 0.004) harbored 96.47 ± 0.40 genetic variability(%). The average allelic frequency of the 21 codominant markers was 0.65 ± 0.11 with 12.9% pairs of loci in significant LD(p\0.05, R^2 values [ 0.1), confirming their suitability for a strong marker-trait association study. The marker CCoAMT-1 was significantly(p\0.01) associated with wood density showing stability by both GLM and MLM models and explained 4.3% of the phenotypic effect. The marker from the EST representing CCoAMT can be further developed for gene-assisted selection of elite genotypes of teak with greater wood density. Therefore, we believe that the report will help accelerate the genetic improvement and advance the breeding program of the species.

Adaptive relay co-ordination using a busbar splitting approach for a system integrity protection scheme

Power system faults can often result in excessively high currents.If sustained for a long time,such high currents can damage system equipment.Thus,it is desirable to operate the relays in the minimum possible time.In this paper,a busbar splitting approach is used for adaptive relay setting and co-ordination purposes for a system integrity protec-tion scheme(SIPS).Whenever a fault occurs,the busbar splitting scheme splits a bus to convert a loop into a radial structure.The splitting schemes are chosen such that the net fault current is also reduced.Busbar splitting elimi-nates the dependency upon minimum breakpoints set(MBPS)and reduces the relay operating time,thus making it adaptive.The proposed methodology is incorporated into the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems with single and multiple fault conditions.The modeling and simulation carried out in ETAP,and the results of the proposed busbar splitting-based relay co-ordination are compared with the MBPS splitting-based relay co-ordination.

Generation of Exactly Solvable Potentials of Position-Dependent Mass Schrödinger Equation from Hulthen Potential

Exactly Solvable Potentials (ESPs) of Position-Dependent Mass (PDM) Schrodinger equation are generated from Hulthen Potential (parent system) by using Extended Transformation (ET) method. The method includes a Co-ordinate Transformation (CT) followed by Functional Transformation (FT) of wave function. Mass function of parent system gets transformed to that of generated system. Two new ESPs are generated. The explicit expressions of mass functions, energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions for newly generated potentials (systems) are derived. System specific regrouping method is also discussed.

Liquid Membrane Transport Behavior of Functional Substituted Crown Ethers for Amino Acids

Three functional substituted crown ethers were synthesized as liquid membrane transport carriers for amino acids. The result obtained shows that this kind of ditopic ligands can transport sodium salt of amino acids in good rate value especially the one with two pyridinyl groups as binding site outside the macrocycle.

Two Section Algorithms For MRI Scanner

We develop two models for obtaining cross-secions at any angle through an object consisting of black-and-white line drawings and these two models both allow us to calculate the value of every pixel in the section, and thus a pictare of the section can be produces. We use a spherical co-ordinate system to describe the asction and vector p (φ,θ, ρ) can be uded to determine the section, if point p is in the section and the direction of vector p is the same as the orientation of the section. The method of smooth filtering is adopted in both models to filter sharp boundaries.Further-more, some other methods of filtering for special uses can be added to our model in the real practice, thus the model can be used in a larger range.We wrote a program using Visual Basic 5 .0 to implement our algorithm , created three data sets of simple three-dimensional object by functions, and produced fairly clear and accurate pictures of the slice of the three dimensioal array by several arbitrary planes in space. And we believe our model would significantly maintain the accurcy of pic-tures, even when the date from the object is more complex.

Studies on the Properties of Schiff Base Type of Aryl mercury Compounds( Ⅰ )——~1H NMR Spectra of Some Schiff Base Type Aryl mercury Compounds and Substituted Benzyl ideneanilines

1H NMR spectra of 16 Schiff base type of arylmercury compounds and 4 -substituted benzylideneanilines have been studied. It was found that the p-substituents of the N-phenyl ring do not affect the δ values of methine proton, whereas the o-substitutents influence the δ values of methine proton, whereas the o-substituents influence the δ values of methine proton significantly. These changes can be reasonably interpreted in terms of the steric inhibition of o-substituents and intramolecular coordination of imino nitrogen with mercury. The influence of the m-or p-substituent of the C-phenyl ring on the δ values of methine proton exhibited a linear correlation with Hammett constants σp or σm. It was also confirmed that in the molecules of Schiff base type of arylmercury compounds there exists an intramolecular coordination via a four-membered ring.

Integrated Product and Process Design Using a Reverse Engineering System

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and revers e engineering (RE) have changed drastically the concept of product re-design, pla nning and manufacture of components. However, the main problems currently facing the developers of reverse engineering system, is the time consuming digitis ation of 3D data and the conversion of large amounts of data into a concise and manageable format and linking it to a CAD/CAM system. Automated 3-D profile gen eration, measurements and inspection of manufactured component represents one of the important functions in reverse engineering and in the improvements in produ ct quality in rapid product developments. The paper presents a novel methodology for the development of a reverse enginee ring technique for use in the rapid product development in a CIM environment . The system developed provides integration, data capture and manipulation, dat a transfer between a CAD, CAM, Computer-aided inspection (CAI) and a 3-D profi le scanning system. An efficient scanning strategy has been developed for scann ing and surfaces data acquisition. The products were scanned using a laser scann ing system with a dedicated scan control card and the associated software packag es. A versatile rig was developed for the ease of data gathering of the profile scanning process. The surface data collected was then used to build a mathematic al surface model, which was then used to develop a virtual 3-D model of the pro duct. The resulting surface model provides the geometrical input to the subseque nt machining operation using either a CNC system or other manufacturing operatio n e.g. dies casting/mould casting etc. The prototypes developed were inspected u sing a state-of-the art CNC-CMM that was integrated to the CAD/CAM system. Si nce the scanning/digitised data captured by laser scanning probes requires no ma nual editing, significant time saving over most non-contact probe systems was a chieved. Since the creation of an accurate CAD model of a redesigned component o r a prototype constitute a major element of the total turnaround time; maximum r eturn can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the redesigning process. T he paper also outlines with a case study the application of the developed system . The system developed offers the flexibility of using the concept of reverse en gineering of a variety of components with the complimentary facility of integrat ion between CAD/CAM Computer-aided Inspection (CAI) systems and a scanning syst em. The developed reverse engineering application in an integrated manufacturing system can increase the consistency, improve cost-efficiency, reduce produ ct turn around and skill levels required to redesign, reengineer and prototyping components and products.

Issues in Global Software Development: A Critical Review

A number of companies have employed Global Software Development (GSD) methodology as a useful tool for their software development practices. GSD is a contractual relationship between client and vendor organizations in which a client outsources all or some part of its software development activities to a vendor. The vendor in return provides the agreed services in lieu of certain amount of remuneration. The main reasons to select the GSD technique include reduced cost, faster development and access to skilled manpower. Though GSD is emerging as an effective technique, but it suffers from many challenges like poor communication, lack of trust and coordination. These challenges pose serious risk to the smooth execution of the GSD projects. In this paper, we present a comparative study on GSD to highlight its merits and demerits. Our findings reveal that much of the research in this area has been focused on addressing issues faced by client organizations, however, vendor side in the GSD relationship is much ignored due to which this area is still immature;and, hence, further research work is required to be undertaken to address the issues faced by the vendor organizations.

Modelling and Coordinated Control of Grid Connected Photovoltaic,Wind Turbine Driven PMSG,and Energy Storage Device for a Hybrid DC/AC Microgrid

In a DC/AC microgrid system,the issues of DC bus voltage regulation and power sharing have been the subject of a significant amount of research.Integra-tion of renewable energy into the grid involves multiple converters and these are vulnerable to perturbations caused by transient events.To enhance the flexibility and controllability of the grid connected converter(GCC),this paper proposes a common DC bus voltage maintenance and power sharing control strategy of a GCC for a DC/AC microgrid.A maximum power point tracking algorithm is employed to enhance the power delivered by the wind turbine and photovoltaic module.The proposed control strategy consists of primary and secondary as-pects.In the primary layer control,the DC bus voltage is regulated by the GCC.In the secondary layer,the DC bus voltage is maintained by the energy storage device.This ensures reliable power for local loads during grid failures,while power injection to the grid is controlled by an en-ergy management algorithm followed by reference gen-eration of inductor current in the GCC.The proposed control strategy operates in different modes of DC voltage regulation,power injection to the grid and a hybrid op-erating mode.It provides wide flexible control and en-sures the reliable operation of the microgrid.The pro-posed and conventional techniques are compared for a 15.8 kW DC/AC microgrid system using the MATLAB/Simulink environment.The simulation results demonstrate the transient behaviour of the system in different operating conditions.The proposed control technique is twice as fast in its transient response and produces less oscillation than the conventional system.Index Terms—Wind energy,photovoltaic energy,DC/AC microgrid,battery energy storage system,co-ordinated control.

Optical and luminescence characteristics of Eu^(3+)-doped B_2O_3:SiO_2:Y_2O_3:CaO glasses for visible red laser and scintillation material applications

Europium（Eu^3＋） doped glasses of chemical compositions（55-x）B2O3：10 SiO2：25 Y2O3：10CaO：xEu2O3,where x denotes mol% and ranges 0≤ x ≤ 2.5, were synthesized by adopting conventional melt quenching technique, Physical properties like density, molar volume, polaron radius, inter-ionic distance and field strength of the glass samples were investigated to assess the impact of Eu2O3. Optical and luminescence properties of the glasses were characterized with optical absorption, photoluminescence,X-ray induced emission spectra, temperature dependence emission spectra and decay times. Judd-Ofelt（JO） intensity parameters（Ωλ） of the glasses were evaluated based on the absorption spectrum of 0.5 mol%. JO parameters, calculated from absorption spectra with thermal corrections on oscillator strength, were used to evaluate radiative properties such as radiative transition probability（AR）,branching ratio（βR）, stimulated cross section emission（σ） and radiative lifetime（τR） for 5D0→7 FJ（J = 0,1,2,3 and 4） transitions. The decay rate of 5D0 fluorescent level for all the glass samples was single exponential. Lifetimes of the 5D0 level were decreased with increasing concentrations of Eu^3＋ions from 0.05 mol% to 2.5 mol% which might be due to energy transfer through cross-relaxation in the glasses. The chromaticity coordinates（x, y） were similar for all BSYCaEu glasses and were located at the red region of CIE 1931 color chromaticity diagram. Hence, these results confirm that the Eu^3＋ doped BSYCaEu glasses could be useful for visible red lasers and glass scintillation applications.

Properties of Particle Trajectory Around a Weakly Magnetized Black Hole

In this paper, we consider charged accelerating AdS black holes with nonlinear electromagnetic source. The metric chosen by us is of a regular black hole, which shows regular nature at poles and a conical effect, which corresponds to a cosmic string. In such a space time construction of the Lagrangian for a charged particle is done. Cyclic coordinates as well as the corresponding symmetry generators, i.e., the Killing vectors are found. Conservation laws corresponding to the symmetries are counted. Euler-Lagrange equations are found. The orbit is mainly taken to be a circular one and effective potential is found. The minimum velocity obtained by a particle to escape from innermost stable circular orbit is found. The value of this escape velocity is plotted with respect to the radius of the event horizon of the central black hole for different parametric values. The nature of the escape velocity is studied when the central object is working with gravitational force and charge simultaneously. Effective potential and effective force are also plotted. The range of radius of event horizon for which the effective force turns to be positive is found out. A pathway of future studies of accretion disc around such black holes is made.

Doubly Excited 1,3Fe States of Two-Electron Atoms under Weakly Coupled Plasma Environment

Precise energy eigenvalues of metastable bound doubly excited 1,3Fe states originating from 2 pnf(n=4–6)configuration of helium-like ions(Z=2–4)under weakly coupled plasma(WCP)environment have been estimated within the framework of Ritz variational method.The wavefunction is expanded in explicitly correlated Hylleraas type basis set.The screened Coulomb potential is consideredas mimic the WCP environment.The atomic systems tend towards gradual instability and the number of excited metastable bound states reduces with increasing plasma strength.The wavelengths corresponding to 2 pnf(1,3F^e)→2 pnf(1,3Do)(n=4–6;n′=3–6)transitions occurring between doubly excited states of plasma embedded two-electron ions are also reported.