Co-residence in Denmark in 1801

The Danish 1801 census is available in a fully coded and standardised digital version. This makes it possible to analyse the living conditions of the Danes in new ways. A very central aspect of living conditions is household and family. The census is divided by these lines and therefore calculations of household size and complexity are straight forward and this clearly gives one side of the picture. A totally different side is co-residence analysis. This is not straight forward, but because of the standardisation it is doable. By this means, you get a picture of the likelihood that a person of a given age group lives together with specific relatives. It gives an insight into a central part of living conditions and it gives a picture of differences between sexes and urbanisations. The paper brings the two ways of description together and shows that each has something to contribute to the picture of the Danes.

Motivation of Parent-Child Co-residence Behavior:Evidenee from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

This paper examines the motivations of parent-child co-residence behavior in China using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.We test three possible motives:social norms,self-interest and altruism.We find that social norms play an important role in household co-residence behavior,showing that the belief that"sons take care of parents"is strong,and children in different birth orders take different responsibilities.Taking the one-child policy as a natural experiment,we compared co-residence behavior between only-child and multi-child families.This allowed us to test whether children in multi-child families with wealthier parents more often coreside in order to compete for a bequest.We find that parents'wealth is more appealing to children in multi-child families.The results support the life cycle theory that coresidence decisions are motivated by self-interest.We also find some evidence of altruism when parents and children make co-residence decisions.These findings provide some insights for designing future elder-support policies in China.

The Implications of the Timing of Diagnosis of Dementia on the Dementia Caregiver

This is a consumer-reference feedback and feasibility testing of a protocol to obtain qualitative responses of co-residing caregivers to questions regarding the timing of dementia diagnosis and their experience of the disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia. Data collection involved focus group discussions and individual phone interviews of a convenience sample (N = 5) of an Alzheimer’s Australia state based Consumer Advisory Committee. Thematic analysis utilised the Leximancer software. Consumer feedback suggested a reordering of the interview questions and reversing the data collection sequence to reduce the emotional impact on participants. Suggestions were offered to limit the number of participants in the focus group to shorten the duration of the focus group session to prevent fatigue and to provide a support person to improve participant focus group comfort. Responses to the interview questions indicated caregivers retrospectively considered a timely diagnosis would have provided useful dementia-focused planning, reduced the difficulties of living with uncertainty and would have provided more time to obtain information and support. There were strong expectations for medical practitioners to be sensitive to the possibility of dementia and to be cognisant of the diagnostic concerns of caregivers. The diagnosis of dementia and its timing is important to the dementia caregiver in providing an explanation of the problems experienced and allowing earlier organisation of care, future planning and caregiver education to reduce the difficulties of living with undiagnosed and unrecognised dementia.

Tuition Fees for Higher Education and Intergenerational Mobility in China

This paper studies the impact of an increase in higher education tuition on intergenerational mobility in China.We develop a theoretical model for the parental decision about the investment on education of children to illustrate the impact from the perspective of borrowing constraint.We consider the Chinese college tuition and subsidy reform around 1986 as a quasi-natural experiment for identifying the policy effect of the reform on intergenerational educational mobility by using the data from the census of 2000 and the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).We find that an increase in the education burden induced by the reform of college tuition has reduced intergenerational educational mobility,and it is more noticeable in regions with a relatively higher increment in the tuition fee.Our results are robust with consideration of the co-residence bias,government investment in elementary education,and the higher education expansion.