Matrix effect suppressing in the element analysis of soils by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with acoustic correction

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used for soil analysis,but its measurement accuracy is often influenced by matrix effects of different kinds of soils.In this work,a method for matrix effect suppressing was developed using laser-induced plasma acoustic signals to correct the original spectrum,thereby improving the analysis accuracy of the soil elements.A good linear relationship was investigated firstly between the original spectral intensity and the acoustic signals.The relative standard deviations(RSDs)of Mg,Ca,Sr,and Ba elements were then calculated for both the original spectrum and the spectrum with the acoustic correction,and the RSDs were significantly reduced with the acoustic correction.Finally,calibration curves of MgⅠ285.213 nm,CaⅠ422.673 nm,SrⅠ460.733 nm and BaⅡ455.403 nm were established to assess the analytical performance of the proposed acoustic correction method.The values of the determination coefficient(R~2)of the calibration curves for Mg,Ca,Sr,and Ba elements,corrected by the acoustic amplitude,are improved from 0.9845,0.9588,0.6165,and 0.6490 to 0.9876,0.9677,0.8768,and 0.8209,respectively.The values of R~2 of the calibration curves corrected by the acoustic energy are further improved to 0.9917,0.9827,0.8835,and 0.8694,respectively.These results suggest that the matrix effect of LIBS on soils can be clearly improved by using acoustic correction,and acoustic energy correction works more efficiently than acoustic amplitude correction.This work provides a simple and efficient method for correcting matrix effects in the element analysis of soils by acoustic signals.

Types and Correction Methods of Matrix Effect during Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Dating

Matrix effect primarily impacts the accuracy and precision of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data.This paper describes three types of matrix effect in zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating,i.e.,the element matrix effect,high Ddpa or uranium matrix effect and alpha dose matrix effect,and illustrates the correction of these three effects.In addition,we point out the limitation and possible problems of the existing correction methods.

Correction of failure in antenna array using matrix pencil technique

In this paper a non-iterative technique is developed for the correction of faulty antenna array based on matrix pencil technique（MPT）. The failure of a sensor in antenna array can damage the radiation power pattern in terms of sidelobes level and nulls. In the developed technique, the radiation pattern of the array is sampled to form discrete power pattern information set. Then this information set can be arranged in the form of Hankel matrix（HM） and execute the singular value decomposition（SVD）. By removing nonprincipal values, we obtain an optimum lower rank estimation of HM. This lower rank matrix corresponds to the corrected pattern. Then the proposed technique is employed to recover the weight excitation and position allocations from the estimated matrix. Numerical simulations confirm the efficiency of the proposed technique, which is compared with the available techniques in terms of sidelobes level and nulls.

Reverse-time migration and amplitude correction in the angle-domain based on Poynting vector

We propose a method based on the Poynting vector that combines angle-domain imaging and image amplitude correction to overcome the shortcomings of reverse-time migration that cannot handle different angles during wave propagation. First, the local image matrix （LIM） and local illumination matrix are constructed, and the wavefield propagation directions are decomposed. The angle-domain imaging conditions are established in the local imaging matrix to remove low-wavenumber artifacts. Next, the angle-domain common image gathers are extracted and the dip angle is calculated, and the amplitude-corrected factors in the dip angle domain are calculated. The partial images are corrected by factors corresponding to the different angles and then are superimposed to perform the amplitude correction of the final image. Angle-domain imaging based on the Poynting vector improves the computation efficiency compared with local plane-wave decomposition. Finally, numerical simulations based on the SEG/EAGE velocity model are used to validate the proposed method.

Ballistic Trajectory Extrapolation and Correction of Firing Precision for Multiple Launch Rocket System

The research on multiple launch rocket system(MLRS)is now even more demanding in terms of reducing the time for dynamic calculations and improving the firing accuracy,keeping the cost as low as possible.This study employs multibody system transfer matrix method(MSTMM),to model MLRS.The use of this method provides effective and fast calculations of dynamic characteristics,initial disturbance and firing accuracy.Further,a new method of rapid extrapolation of ballistic trajectory of MLRS is proposed by using the position information of radar tests.That extrapolation point is then simulated and compared with the actual results,which demonstrates a good agreement.The closed?loop fire correction method is used to improve the firing accuracy of MLRS at low cost.

面向青花瓷碎片图像的U-Net++拼接网络

针对现有图像拼接方法存在拼接处伪影以及非重叠区域内容失真,导致较低的准确性和鲁棒性的问题,提出一种基于U-Net++消除伪影的青花瓷碎片图像拼接方法.首先估计待拼接图像单应性矩阵;然后将单应性矩阵应用于结构拼接阶段,得到图像粗拼接结果;最后以图像粗拼接结果作为先验信息,在内容校正阶段改进现有的U-Net,利用U-Net++细化粗拼接结果,得到最终图像精确拼接.以青花瓷碎片图像数据集与相关经典方法进行实验的结果表明,在3个评价指标中,所提方法的峰值信噪比提高约13%,均方根误差降低约33%,均方误差降低57%左右;该方法具有较小的误差比,不仅能够提高图像拼接质量,而且表现出较好的鲁棒性.

基于实数化的均匀圆阵矩阵重构方法

为了减小低快拍数和低信噪比下采样协方差矩阵误差,并降低其运算复杂度,提出了一种基于实数化的均匀圆阵采样协方差矩阵重构方法。针对均匀圆阵的特点,通过组建特殊的基向量,构成特殊的重构矩阵。通过将采样协方差矩阵实数化,进一步降低了重构矩阵的复杂度。考虑到多通道不一致性对重构矩阵的影响,引入0位校正算法,提高了重构方法的稳健性。最后应用重构后的协方差矩阵进行子空间类波达方向估计(direction of arrival,DOA)。实验仿真证明,该特殊重构矩阵在实数化下与原矩阵重构能力相同;当快拍数为100、信噪比为0 dB时,双信源分辨力较重构前由74%提高到95%以上;理论重构运算复杂度降低到原来的53.99%。

电镀污泥成分X荧光检测水分影响机制及校正方法研究

电镀污泥是金属加工、电子元器件制造等行业在废水处理过程中所产生含重金属危险废物。我国每年产生大量电镀污泥约1000万吨,因含有Zn、Cu、Fe、Ni、Cr等多种有价金属元素其资源化利用潜力巨大,同时大量污泥处置不当也会危害人体健康和污染环境。传统化学分析测试过程复杂周期长,不利于电镀污泥实时污染防控。能量色散X射线荧光(EDXRF)光谱法分析快速简便、费用低廉、可实现原位检测,然而电镀污泥样品含水率高、成分含量不稳定,影响测试结果的及时性和准确度,导致关键元素的资源转化效率难以保证、环境污染管控难度高。因此需要分析X荧光检测水分影响机制并探究水分校正方法,以提高EDXRF测试结果准确度。以不同含水率电镀污泥为对象,研究了水分对电镀污泥EDXRF测试过程中光谱本底、散射峰、目标元素特征峰的影响机制,通过目标元素特征峰与瑞利散射峰强度的比值、样品含水率ω0 wt%和目标元素含量Ci%建立水分校正模型,探究了Ca、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn目标元素的水分校正方程中的实验修正因子。结果表明,水分抬高了光谱本底改变谱峰轮廓,对低能段、计数小的谱峰测试结果影响较大。含水率越高,散射峰净强度越大,瑞利散射线更能准确描述散射峰净强度和含水率的关系,目标元素特征峰与瑞利散射峰强度比值与含水率、目标元素含量能够准确符合线性关系。水分校正模型对Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn五种重金属校正结果准确度较高,校正值与基准值相关系数R2均大于0.95,RMSE均小于0.05,对Ca元素校正准确度较低R2为0.93,RMSE为1.046需增加相关校正因子进一步优化。该研究有望应用于再生铜行业电镀污泥处置现场测量的水分校正方法中,在提高电镀污泥资源利用效率的同时降低环境污染风险。

融合卫星姿态的星地信道建模及硬件模拟

针对传统星地信道模型及其硬件模拟方法没有考虑卫星姿态对信道特性影响的问题,本文基于几何地理随机模型(Geometry-based Stochastic Model,GBSM)框架,提出了一种融合卫星姿态的星地信道模型。该模型通过构建四个独立的坐标系并引入姿态修正矩阵,来描述卫星姿态变化对星地信道特性造成的影响。在此基础上,本文基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA),设计并研制了一种星地信道硬件模拟器。硬件模拟器采用差分迭代的算法来生成信道衰落因子,可以极大提高硬件模拟的实时性,确保生成的衰落数据与实际场景相匹配。同时,还采用了并行处理架构,可以支持最大640 MHz带宽的星地信道模拟。为了将衰落数据与并行架构相匹配,引入了并行内插算法,可以将串行的衰落数据内插成同速率的多路并行衰落数据。此外,为了能够精准控制硬件装置输出信号的功率,设计了基于预训练的功率校正方法。通过内部校正源信号预先训练出整个模拟过程给信号带来的增益再进行功率补偿,从而保证输出信号的功率可以被精准控制。最后,在典型场景下开展仿真模拟,导出硬件模拟器的输出结果并分析其统计特性,结果表明实测输出的概率密度函数(Probability Density Function,PDF)和多普勒功率谱密度(Doppler Power Spectral Density,DPSD)与理论值吻合,证明本文设计的硬件模拟器可以准确地复现实际场景下卫星姿态发生变化的星地信道。本文提出的融合卫星姿态的星地信道模型以及研制的硬件模拟器很好地解决了传统模型以及硬件模拟方法的局限性,在卫星通信系统的优化、评估和验证环节具有极大的潜在价值。

5G系统中一种大规模MIMO信号检测加速算法

在多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)系统中,由于MIMO系统配置的大量天线,传统检测算法难以平衡由于算法复杂度高造成的系统性能损失。在保证达到较好性能的前提下,尽可能降低复杂度,提出一种基于分块矩阵和修正因子的MBSOR(Block-Modification Successive Over-Relaxation)检测算法,该算法对滤波矩阵进行分块使对角矩阵获得更多的信道信息,并针对迭代矩阵引入修正因子,以进一步加快收敛速度。通过该算法与传统逐次超松弛(Successive Over-Relaxation,SOR)算法模拟仿真,表明MBSOR算法在减少重复次数的同时,比SOR算法的误码率更逼近最优解。

万宁双偏振天气雷达降水产品参数本地化及评估

为提高万宁双偏振天气雷达(CINRAD-SAD型)定量降水估测产品的准确性,使用万宁雷达探测半径内3部天气现象仪(WUSH-PW型)在2022年6次普通降水和3次台风降水的数据资料,采用非球形粒子的散射模型(T-Matrix)对万宁雷达的参量Z_(H)、Z_(DR)、K_(DP)进行了模拟,最后用最小二乘法拟合出了降水估测公式的本地化参数。分别对使用默认参数和本地化参数的1 h雷达定量降水估测产品(OHP)进行了总体评估、分降水量评估、分距离评估,还对使用雨量计订正后的降水产品进行了总体评估。评估结果表明:(1)使用本地化参数比默认参数计算得到OHP估测准确率提高了29.66%(OHP单偏振78号产品)和14.47%(OHP双偏振169号产品)。(2)使用本地化参数比默认参数在各个降水量级的估测准确率均有所提高,最多提高了36.82%。(3)使用本地化参数比默认参数在各个距离段的估测准确率均有所提高,最多提高了32.33%。(4)经雨量计订正后的本地化参数降水产品准确率均达到了90.00%以上,平均偏差比接近1,可作为降水真值使用。

谐波谐振模态分析的偏差量化及修正方法

基于谐波谐振模态分析(HRMA)法及谐波谐振严重程度的相关概念介绍,通过数学原理分析指出HRMA法在谐振严重程度分析上的不足,并采用归一化电压法实证了HRMA法存在偏差不可忽略的情形。定义谐振严重程度换序矩阵、谐振严重程度偏差矩阵和分段偏差平均值指标,以准确描述谐波电流从不同节点注入时HRMA法中关键左特征向量在反映谐振严重程度方面存在的偏差,进而改进了谐振严重程度的分析流程,得出应在精准度不足时结合系统矩阵分析谐振严重程度,并根据具体问题的目标需求生成对应的补充集以实现对HRMA法偏差修正的结论。基于IEEE 30节点系统应用所提方法对HRMA法进行精度分析,并以谐振监测点选择问题为例采用生成补充集的方式实现对HRMA法偏差的修正。

基于相机RGB值的光谱反射率重建方法研究

光谱反射率重建技术可实现背景颜色数据准确校正和复制还原,以此为基础可设计实施高融合迷彩,为机动装备在不同背景环境下提供有效防护屏障,具有重要价值。参照光谱成像技术特点,根据颜色形成原理和三刺激值定量计算公式,通过控制单一变量法设计实验方案,提出加权平均光谱反射率重建方法(TWA),利用相机和光谱仪分别获取训练样本的成像系统响应值(RGB)和光谱反射率数据,对所提取的样本RGB值和光谱反射率数据分别采用传统最小二乘法(OLS)、正则化最小二乘法(RLS)、偏最小二乘法(PLS)、主成分分析法(PCA)和本文中提出的加权平均法(TWA)进行光谱反射率重建训练,获得光谱重建矩阵,最后利用光谱重建矩阵对测试样本响应值进行光谱反射率重建,并对实验结果进行分析,对比不同方法的光谱反射率重建效果。研究结果表明,加权平均法在光谱均方根误差SRMSE、平均拟合优度系数GFC、平均色差等指标上效果更优,重建所得光谱反射率精度更高,颜色校正效果更佳。

基于Reed-Solomon算法的DataMatrix条码纠错码的研究

DataMatrix是一种矩阵二维条码,具有信息密度大、容量高、面积小等优点,同时,其译码时受噪声干扰也较大,因此,DataMatrix二维条码采用了ReedSolomon算法作为纠错码,可以有效地排除干扰进行纠错。首先介绍DataMatrix条码的特点,然后详细介绍了ReedSolomon算法的原理和伽罗华域的基本运算规则和构造规则,重点分析研究他在DataMatrix二维条码中的应用,构造了他的实现算法和其纠错编码的实现电路并通过实例进行了具体的说明,同时讨论了RS的译码步骤。

基于Reed-Solomon码的Data Matrix条码纠错研究

为了研究Data Matrix条码的纠错能力,首先介绍了Data Matrix条码的特点和Reed-Solomon码的基本概念;接着研究了Reed-Solomon码在Data Matrix二维条码中的应用,重点分析了Data Matrix二维条码中Reed-Solomon编、解码的基本原理与步骤,并用C语言实现它的编、解码算法;最后对Reed-Solomon码的纠错能力进行了测试。实验结果表明,Data Matrix二维条码采用Reed-Solomon码作为纠错码,可以有效地排除干扰并进行纠错。

应用于高能激光器的XY离焦像差校正方法

针对高能激光器出光过程中出现的大量离焦和0°像散低阶像差现象,提出了基于哈特曼波前传感器和二维整形光路的XY离焦像差校正方法。首先,通过对Zernike多项式的离焦项和0°像散项进行线性组合得到XY离焦像差的表达式,该XY离焦像差系数的大小可直接表征X离焦和Y离焦的波前PV值。同时,通过微调高能激光器中二维整形光路中的镜子间距,可实现激光器输出光束XY离焦波面的补偿。因此,首先利用哈特曼波前传感器提取出光束的XY离焦像差系数大小,而后再根据XY离焦像差系数的大小实时闭环微调二维整形光路中的镜子间距,从而实现XY离焦像差的校正,改善输出光束的光束质量。实验结果表明,该方法可有效地将高能激光器输出光束XY离焦量的PV值由5.2μm和1.1μm校正到0.5μm以下,相应的光束质量β因子由3.1降到1.8,光束质量得到明显改善。

移动AR+VR支持下跨媒体视频关键帧还原仿真

为了准确还原视频信息,针对跨媒体视频帧间保真度以及压缩比较低的问题,设计一个移动AR+VR支持下的跨媒体视频关键帧还原方法。采用SIFT方法提取跨媒体视频关键帧特征点,反复提取关键帧,构成一个关键帧集合,采用AR+VR技术按照属性与特征建立全景画面AR预测模型,校正全景图,建立匹配矩阵,匹配VR视频帧间序列,实现移动AR+VR支持下跨媒体视频关键帧还原。实验结果表明,应用该方法后,准确性、保真度以及压缩比较高,具有较好的关键帧还原效果。

畸变Data Matrix码图像的倾斜校正算法研究

针对Data Matrix码倾斜校正中需要多次旋转的问题,本文提出了一种畸变二维码倾斜校正方法。首先使用LoG算子对二值化后的图像进行边缘检测,再基于Data Matrix码的结构特征,通过Hough变换有效快速地确定定位符"L"所在的位置,并将"L"型交点用两条向量表示。然后通过向量叉乘计算出Data Matrix码的旋转角度、确定旋转方向,只需一次旋转即可实现倾斜校正。本文算法节省了Data Matrix码在图像恢复过程中所需的时间和工作量。

Spatial weight matrix in dimensionality reduction reconstruction for microelectromechanical system-based photoacoustic microscopy

A micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)scanning mirror accelerates the raster scanning of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM).However,the nonlinear tilt angular-voltage characteristic of a MEMS mirror introduces distortion into the maximum back-projection image.Moreover,the size of the airy disk,ultrasonic sensor properties,and thermal effects decrease the resolution.Thus,in this study,we proposed a spatial weight matrix(SWM)with a dimensionality reduction for image reconstruction.The three-layer SWM contains the invariable information of the system,which includes a spatial dependent distortion correction and 3D deconvolution.We employed an ordinal-valued Markov random field and the Harris Stephen algorithm,as well as a modified delay-and-sum method during a time reversal.The results from the experiments and a quantitative analysis demonstrate that images can be effectively reconstructed using an SWM;this is also true for severely distorted images.The index of the mutual information between the reference images and registered images was 70.33 times higher than the initial index,on average.Moreover,the peak signal-to-noise ratio was increased by 17.08%after 3D deconvolution.This accomplishment offers a practical approach to image reconstruction and a promising method to achieve a real-time distortion correction for MEMS-based OR-PAM.

On the Matrix and Additive Communication Channels

The notion of a communication channel is one of the key notions in information theory but like the notion “information” it has not any general mathematical definition. The existing examples of the communication channels: the Gaussian ones;the binary symmetric ones;the ones with symbol drop-out and drop-in;the ones with error packets etc., characterize the distortions which take place in information conducted through the corresponding channel.