Routine Hemostasis and Hemogram Parameters： Valuable Assessments for Coagulation Disorder and Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients

Background： The clotting system abnormalities are the common complication in cancer patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the coagulation state, clinical features, and treatment in cancer patients by routine tests. Methods： A total of 2328 patients with different types of cancer were classified as the positive group （n = 1419, including 53 patients with thrombosis） and the negative group （n = 909） based on D-dimer （DD） value. Of the 2328 cases, 354 were admitted for chemotherapy. Hemostasis test and complete blood count （CBC） were perfbrmed during treatment or following-up. Results： This study showed that the hypercoagulable state was affected not only by clinical staging （P 〈 0,0001） but also by metastasis site （P 〈 0.0001 for bone vs. lung）. Compared to negative DD group, the higher fibrinogen level, the extended activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time interacted markedly with disease clinical stage （P 〈 0.05） in the positive group. Between positive DD groups with and without thrombus, the significantly statistic difference in white blood cell （WBC） and DD （P 〈 0.05） rather than in red blood cell （RBC） and platelet count was observed. However, the higher DD level was not correlated with WBC, RBC, and platelet count in the positive DD group. Furthermore, the hypercoagulable plasma profile in cancer patients was moderated 2-3 weeks alter chemotherapy （P 〈 0.05 for first six cycles）. Conclusions： The routine hemostatic parameters and CBC are valuable to assessment for thrombosis and chemotherapy even for disease prognosis.

A cross-sectional study of complementary and alternative medicine use in patients with coagulation disorders in Southern Iran

OBJECTIVE：Complementary and alternative medicine（CAM）use has an increasing trend around the world.Despite the wild application of CAM in patients with coagulation disorders,its efficacy is still questioned by many studies.The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and types of CAM usage,and the factors affecting CAM use among patients with bleeding disorders.METHODS：This cross-sectional study investigated the usage of CAM with a standard validated questionnaire in coagulopathic patients who were referred to Dastgheib Hospital,an educational therapeutic center affiliated to the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz,Southern Iran.RESULTS：Between December 2015 and May 2016,75 patients were included in this survey.Severe hemophilia A and rare bleeding disorders were the most frequent among our participants.Overall,nearly half of the studied population（49.3%）used at least one CAM product or practices.The most common products were multivitamin（29.3%）,followed by folic acid（21.3%）and chamomile（12%）.32%of the patients resorted to faith healing.The main reasons of using CAM were reported to be increased general health,correction of anemia and thrombocytopenia and control of bleeding tendency.CONCLUSION：CAM is being used frequently in patients with coagulation disorders like many other chronic illnesses all around the world.Due to emerging concern regarding the safety and possible interaction with the conventional medicine,it is necessary to develop basic data about the hematologic effects of these methods in order to use them more safely.

Prediction of return of spontaneous circulation in outof-hospital cardiac arrest with non-shockable initial rhythm using point-of-care testing: a retrospective observational study

BACKGROUND:Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) is a public health concern, and many studies have been conducted on return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) and its prognostic factors.Rotational thromboelastometry(ROTEM?), a point-of-care testing(POCT) method, has been useful for predicting ROSC in patients with OHCA, but very few studies have focused on patients with non-shockable rhythm. We examined whether the parameters of POCT could predict ROSC in patients with OHCA and accompanying non-shockable rhythm.METHODS:This is a single-center, retrospective observational study. Complete blood count,blood gas, and ROTEM POCT measurements were used. This study included patients with nontraumatic OHCA aged 18 years or older who were transported to the emergency department and evaluated using POCT between January 2013 and December 2021. The patients were divided into the ROSC and non-ROSC groups. Prehospital information and POCT parameters were compared using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, and further logistic regression analysis was performed.RESULTS:Sixty-seven and 135 patients were in the ROSC and non-ROSC groups,respectively. The ROC curves showed a high area under the curve(AUC) for K^(+) of 0.77(95%confidence interval [CI]:0.71–0.83) and EXTEM amplitude 5 min after clotting time(A5) of 0.70(95%CI:0.62–0.77). The odds ratios for ROSC were as follows:female sex 3.67(95%CI:1.67–8.04);K^(+)0.64(95%CI:0.48–0.84);and EXTEM A5 1.03(95%CI:1.01–1.06).CONCLUSION:In OHCA patients with non-shockable rhythm, K^(+) level and the ROTEM parameter EXTEM A5 may be useful in predicting ROSC.

Persistent fibrinogen deficiency after snake bite: A case report

BACKGROUND Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy(VICC)is characterized by coagulation dysfunction accompanied by decreased coagulation factor activity and fibrinogen(FBG)concentrations.We report a patient with VICC caused by snake bite who manifested persistent FBG deficiency without abnormal coagulation factor activity.This information may be helpful in diagnosing and treating VICC.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old man who had been bitten by a snake 13 h previously was admitted to the Emergency Department of our hospital with visible swelling of a finger and a bleeding puncture site.The provisional diagnosis was VICC,this being made based on persistent bleeding from the puncture site and subcutaneous hemorrhage.Laboratory evidence of coagulation abnormalities,including fibrinolysis,and findings on thromboelastography confirmed VICC.He had persistent afibrinogenemia requiring intravenous infusions of cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma,together with continuous large doses of human FBG.After this treatment,the patient’s right upper limb swelling improved significantly and his subcutaneous hemorrhage resolved.All of his abnormal laboratory findings returned to normal by day 25.During 6 months’of follow-up,the patient had no further hemorrhagic events.CONCLUSION Hemorrhagic snake venom can result in coagulation dysfunction characterized by persistent FBG deficiency without abnormal coagulation factor activity.

Clinical and Evolutionary Characteristics of Pregnant and Postpartum Women with COVID-19 Admitted to a Hospital in the Central Region of Brazil

Objective: To describe the demographic and evolutionary characteristics of pregnant and postpartum women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to a medium-sized hospital in Brazil. Method: This is a descriptive and retrospective study, collected from medical records, from March 2020 to October 2021 in a hospital located in Cuiabá (MT). Results: Pregnant and puerperal women with COVID-19 who needed hospitalization were mixed-race, from the metropolitan area, and carriers of moderate and severe forms of the disease. The primary risk condition found was overweight/obesity, and pre-gestational diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and autoimmune disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in the group. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), c-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer were relevant laboratory findings in this group of patients. The most frequent maternal outcomes were respiratory failure, invasive ventilatory support, thromboembolic phenomena, sepsis, and preterm labor. Maternal death occurred in 6.4% of pregnant women. Most maternal deaths were of women who lived in the interior of the state, and the minority arrived on adequate ventilatory support. Prematurity and the need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were significant complications for neonates. Stillbirth/neonatal mortality occurred in 11.0%. Conclusion: The clinical conditions at hospitalization were associated with worse living conditions and lack of access to health care, resulting in increased chances of severity and worsening outcomes in this group of women and neonates.

A newly proposed heatstroke-induced coagulopathy score in patients with heat illness: A multicenter retrospective study in China

Purpose:In patients with heatstroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is associated with greater risk of in-hospital mortality. However, time-consuming assays or a complex diagnostic system may delay immediate treatment. Therefore, the present study proposes a new heatstroke-induced coagulopathy (HIC) score in patients with heat illness as an early warning indicator for DIC.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled patients with heat illness in 24 Chinese hospitals from March 2021 to May 2022. Patients under 18 years old, with a congenital clotting disorder or liver disease, or using anticoagulants were excluded. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, routine blood tests, conventional coagulation assays and biochemical indexes. The risk factors related to coagulation function in heatstroke were identified by regression analysis, and used to construct a scoring system for HIC. The data of patients who met the diagnostic criteria for HIC and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis defined-DIC were analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0.Results:The final analysis included 302 patients with heat illness, of whom 131 (43.4%) suffered from heatstroke, including 7 death (5.3%). Core temperature (OR = 1.681, 95% CI 1.291 - 2.189, p < 0.001), prothrombin time (OR = 1.427, 95% CI 1.175 - 1.733, p < 0.001) and D-dimer (OR = 1.242, 95% CI 1.049 - 1.471, p = 0.012) were independent risk factors for heatstroke, and therefore used to construct an HIC scoring system because of their close relation with abnormal coagulation. A total score ≥ 3 indicated HIC, and HIC scores correlated with the score for International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis-DIC (r = 0.8848, p < 0.001). The incidence of HIC (27.5%) was higher than that of DIC (11.2%) in all of 131 heatstroke patients. Meanwhile, the mortality rate of HIC (19.4%) was lower than that of DIC (46.7%). When HIC developed into DIC, parameters of coagulation dysfunction changed significantly: platelet count decreased, D-dimer level rose, and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged (p < 0.05).Conclusions:The newly proposed HIC score may provide a valuable tool for early detection of HIC and prompt initiation of treatment.