Analysis of the Risk of Water Breakout in the Bottom Plate of High-Intensity Mining of Extra-Thick Coal Seams

In order to clarify the danger of water breakout in the bottom plate of extra-thick coal seam mining, 2202 working face of a mine in the west is taken as the research object, and it is proposed to use the on-site monitoring means combining borehole peeping and microseismic monitoring, combined with the theoretical analysis to analyze the danger of water breakout in the bottom plate. The results show that: 1) the theoretically calculated maximum damage depth of the bottom plate is 27.5 m, and its layer is located above the Austrian ash aquifer, which has the danger of water breakout;2) the drill hole peeping at the bottom plate of the working face shows that the depth of the bottom plate fissure development reaches 26 m, and the integrity of the water barrier layer has been damaged, so there is the risk of water breakout;3) for the microseismic monitoring of the anomalous area, the bottom plate of the return air downstream channel occurs in the field with a one-week lag, which shows that microseismic monitoring events may reflect the water breakout of the underground. This shows that the microseismic monitoring events can reflect the changes of the underground flow field, which can provide a reference basis for the early warning of water breakout. The research results can provide reference for the prediction of sudden water hazard.

Demineralization mechanism and influence of parameters on high ash Indian coal by chemical leaching of acid and alkali solution

The current research was investigated the mechanism of coal demineralization and the effect of leaching parameters on high ash coal and study the characterization of pre and post-treated coal. The two high ash Indian coal selected from Mahanadi Coalfield Limited, Odisha, pulverized to 375, 230 and 180 gm particle size were undergone simultaneous acid and alkali treatment at a different concentration, temperature and time. The percent demineralization was increased with decrease the size of the particle and rises with leaching parameters. The investigation suggested 180 μm particle size offers efficient demineralization for both coals at 30% NaOH and 30% H2SO4 concentration. The alkali leaching leads to obtaining the demineralization 46% and 42% whereas acid treatment resulted in 34% and 32% of the original coal samples. The extent of demineralization was improved the calorific value of coal. Besides, the degree of demineralization was proved from the FTIR, XRF and FESEM-EDX analysis results. FTIR analysis result showed that the peak intensity of mineral band decreased by the leaching effect and the degree of demineralization was significantly obtained to large extent by the X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer; which elucidates major minerals removed from coal by the leaching effect of acid and alkali solution.

Study on Filling Cross-Roadway in Fully-Mechanized Coal Faces with High Water-Content Material

A new method using high water content material to mechanically fill cross roadways to form artificial bottom for coal faces was introduced. The reasonable determination of filling range, the optimization of the compounding ratio of high water content material, and the filling technique were discussed in detail. This new method has been spread after industrial testing in Baodian Colliery. Compared with the traditional method, the manual wooden chock method, the new one decreases about 40% of the filling range and cost in dealing every one set of cross roadway in the testing condition.

Influence of coal blending on mineral transformation at high temperatures

Transformation of mineral matter is important for coal utilization at high temperatures.This is especially true for blended coal.XRD and FTIR were employed together to study the transformation of mineral matter at high temperature in blended coals.It was found that the concentration of catalytic minerals, namely iron oxides, increases with an increasing ratio of Shenfu coal, which could improve coal gasification.The transformation characteristics of the minerals in blended coals are not exactly predictable from the blend ratio.This was proved by comparing the iron oxide content to the blending ratio.The results from FTIR are comparable with those from XRD.FTIR is an effective method for examining variation in mineral matter.

Numerical analysis on coal-breaking process under high pressure water jet

Based on the theory of nonlinear dynamic finite element,the control equation ofcoal and water jet was acquired in the coal breaking process under a water jet.The calculationmodel of coal breaking under a water jet was established;the fluid-structure couplingof water jet and coal was implemented by penalty function and convection calculation.The dynamic process of coal breaking under a water jet was simulated and analyzed bycombining the united fracture criteria of the maximum tensile strain and the maximal shearstrain in the two cases of damage to coal and damage failure to coal.

Coal and gas outburst prevention using new high water content cement slurry for injection into the coal seam

As coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious mine disasters, it is very important to at least control it if not prevent it from occurring. Injecting cement slurry or grouting into the coal seam can strengthen the seam, increase its rigidity coefficient(f), and reduce the volumetric expansion due to gas energy release.This paper reports the results of laboratory experiments on cement-based high water content slurry having different water-cement ratios(W/C) to be used for coal injection. The results show that as the W/C increases, the mobility of the slurry and its setting time increase. The compressive strength and rupture strength, however, are reduced. Furthermore, high W/C grout shows early strength after 7 days, which can be 80% of its 14-day compressive strength. To achieve rapid setting and early strength, the addition of Na_2SiO_3has proven to give the best result, when the concentration of the additive is 3%. The initial and final setting times are 13 and 21 min shorter than samples without Na_2SiO_3, while the compressive strength is more than double. As a retarder, the initial setting time can be extended to 83 min when tartaric acid of 0.4% concentration is added. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum recipe of the new high water content slurry has been determined to be: W/C = 2, tartaric acid = 0.2%, Na_2SiO_3= 3%, and12% bentonite. Reinforcement by injection simulation experiments show that the grouting radius of the new slurry mix is 250 mm when the applied grouting pressure is 60 k Pa, 7-day rupture strength and compressive strength are 5.2 and 6.4 MPa, respectively, and are 37% and 88% higher than ordinary cement grout. It can be concluded that the newly developed slurry mix is more effective than the ordinary mix for reinforcing coal and controlling gas outburst.

Effects of different acclimations on high solution bacteria in coal-gas wastewater degradation

To make microbial community be applied more easily in practical biotreatment engineering,three acclimation processes were carried out in lab scale. Three kinds of mixed microorganism cultures with degradability for a gas-making plant wastewater were obtained. The degradation experiments results of coal-gas wastewater indicated that different acclimation processes had obviously impacted on degradability of microbial community,and under high sludge loading rate,mixed microorganism cultureⅠ(obtained by H.S.B as bacteria source and raw wastewater as alone carbon and energy source)presented stronger degradability for coal gasification wastewater than the others. COD removal rate of mixed cultureⅠcan reach 57.6% under very low MLSS when the influent COD is 900 mg/L. Meanwhile,the results of microscopic examination showed that Protozoa,mainly epistylis and Vorticella species,were stronger activity and larger quantities in mixed cultureⅠ.

Main Influencing Factors on Service Life of High Chrome Refractories for Coal Water Slurry Gasifiers

The main characteristics of high chrome refractories for coal water slurry gasifiers were introduced. The damage mechanism of the refractories was analyzed by observing the microstructure of the used high chrome refractories with the aid of SEM. The main influencing factors on the service life of the refractories were summarized.

黄河流域煤炭开发区地下水污染成因分析及防治建议

[研究目的]黄河流域内由于煤炭资源开发导致地下水污染严重,从整体角度对流域内重点煤炭开发区地下水进行归纳总结,为其可持续健康发展和地下水资源改善提供防治建议。[研究方法]从黄河流域战略地位出发,对地下水污染成因和污染模式进行归纳总结。采用改进后的综合水质指数法对流域内九大煤炭基地的地下水进行水质评价。选用主成分分析法赋权指标,并引入改进的内梅罗污染指数法,按照WPI分级法进行评价。[研究结果]通过对黄河流域各重点断面水质评价,得到目前流域内煤炭基地水质结果中Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占比较多,水质较差。分析成因当前流域内存在高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水和含特殊组分矿井水污染,同时阐述污染地下水形成的浅层和深层两种污染模式。[结论]对3种矿井水采用相应防治方法,并提出膏体充填技术和微生物修复技术2种防治技术建议,通过应用实际矿山为例,印证污染防治技术能够改善由煤炭开采引发的流域内地下水污染严重的问题,以期研究结果能够对成功推动中国绿色矿山的快速发展具有参考意义。

王洼煤矿水库坝体下工作面安全开采高度研究

为解决水库坝体下开采安全性,提高煤炭资源回收率,以王洼煤矿水库坝体下110505工作面为研究背景,通过物理仿真模拟、数值模拟及理论分析等方法对覆岩裂隙发育规律及导水裂隙带高度展开研究。为避免矿井开采对地表水坝与水体破坏,针对导水裂隙带高度分析结果,提出了110505工作面限高开采方案。结果表明:工作面开采后地表形成“凹”型盆地,并产生拉伸裂隙,致使地表水位下降78%;现场实测导水裂隙高度为170.76 m,物理仿真模拟试验、数值计算、传统经验公式得出三者的导水裂隙带高度分别为162,164 m和120.57 m;方差修正系数对经验公式做出修正后,反推出限高开采的安全开采高度为2.6 m。研究揭示了工作面覆岩导水裂隙带高度发育规律及水库水体受采动影响的规律,为王洼煤矿后续此类条件下安全措施的制定提供了依据。

基于核磁共振技术储层物性变化规律

冀东油田经多年的注水开发已经进入特高含水阶段,出现注水压力增大,开发效果差等问题。针对此问题,利用目标岩心分析了黏土矿物含量和粒度分布,结合二维核磁共振技术开展高倍数水洗实验,研究储层物性变化规律及原因。实验结果表明:岩心8-2、岩心16-1分别定义为含中砂质细砂岩、含粉砂中砂质细砂岩,其黏土矿物含量分别为2.41%、2.57%;随着注水倍数的增加,核磁孔隙度表现为先降低后上升的变化规律;随着注水倍数的增加,渗透率(水)波动式变化,前期降低幅度较大,后期出现短暂的上升后持续降低;注水过程中损害主要发生在中、大孔隙且岩心8-2的损害程度要大于岩心16-1;岩心核磁二维谱中自由水的信号变化规律与核磁T_(2)谱中中、大孔隙信号强度变化规律一致。研究认为:注水过程中受到水的冲刷作用,微粒以及胶结物中的黏土矿物容易脱落运移至孔隙喉道处发生堵塞,对孔隙喉道产生一定损害导致渗透率(水)降低,所以注水井出现注水困难和注水压力增大等问题,从而影响油田的开发效果。

高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

为探明高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料污染赋存特征及其环境风险,选取安徽省淮南市春申湖、舜耕湿地公园两个典型采煤沉陷区为研究区域,采集了表层水体,底泥及周边农田土壤样品,采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱对微塑料尺寸、形状、颜色及丰度等赋存特征进行表征.结果表明:采集的样本中多为纤维微塑料和薄膜微塑料,类型主要以聚乙烯,聚丙烯为主,颜色以黄色和透明为主,粒径大多小于500μm.采煤沉陷区的地表水丰度范围为0.77~7.1pcs/L,沉积物微塑料的丰度范围为540~2800pcs/kg,周边农田土壤微塑料的丰度范围为380~2380pcs/kg.采用污染负荷指数(PLI)模型进行评估,地表水和农田土壤的风险评估都为于Ⅰ级,属于轻微污染,而沉积物中的微塑料风险评估为Ⅱ级,属于中度污染.

地面井分层卸压的煤系气合采原理及方式探讨

为了进一步认识制约煤系气合采的因素,提高煤系合层排采各产层的产气贡献,分别从动力、通道和气源条件出发,分析了煤系气合采的必备因素。基于改变地应力状态提高储层导流能力以及分层改变储层流体压力,满足多层合采动力条件的原理,提出了地面井分层卸压的煤系气合采方式。该方式通过在地面进行定向钻井,在目标储层中进行高压水射流作业,人工创造卸压空间(缝、槽、穴等),改变地应力状态,降低有效应力伤害,增加储层导流通道的数量和开度,提高目标储层压降传递速率。待储层压力降至符合煤系气合采动力条件时进行合层排采,从而提高煤系合采各产气层的产气贡献。相较于常规增产改造措施,此方式能够减少煤系气储层在有效应力作用下的储层伤害,且有助于提高储层压降传递效率,增强煤系气的解吸和扩散,降低多层煤系气合采过程中的层间干扰。在以上研究基础上,认为地面井分层卸压的合采方式主要适用于储层地应力大、产层间距小的煤系气储层,且有望在薄互层煤系气储层增产改造及层间干扰严重的叠合共生煤系储层开发领域进行应用推广。

CFB飞灰压浆料的制备及高强微膨胀机理研究

利用循环流化床燃煤固硫灰(CFB飞灰)的活性与膨胀性制备压浆料,研究了CFB飞灰掺量和水胶比对压浆料工作性能、强度和膨胀率的影响;CFB飞灰与矿粉以不同比例复配,对比研究了CFB飞灰压浆料的高强微膨胀特性,并采用XRD与SEM分析验证。结果表明,随CFB飞灰替代水泥掺量的增加,压浆料的需水性增强,抗压强度降低,20%(质量分数)CFB飞灰的试样28 d抗压强度与基样接近,可达85.8 MPa,而抗折强度先升高后降低,膨胀率一直升高。随用水量的增加,压浆料的膨胀率降低但均为正值。随CFB飞灰取代矿粉率的提高,压浆料的工作性能降低,28 d抗压强度先升高后降低,其中20%(质量分数)CFB飞灰、10%(质量分数)矿粉复合的试样28 d抗压强度最高,为99.8 MPa,膨胀率一直升高。通过CFB飞灰与矿粉复合配制了各项性能均满足铁标要求的压浆料。CFB飞灰不仅自身水化产生膨胀,还能激活矿粉活性,产生复合增强作用。

砂岩油藏高倍数水驱物性及驱替特征变化规律研究进展

采用注水开发的砂岩油藏一般在进入到高含水阶段后,务必会经过长期的注水开发,水驱倍数一般较高,高倍水驱后储层的驱替特征会发生显著变化,从而会影响油田的驱油效率和最终的采收率。针对储层孔隙结构、渗透率、孔隙度、矿物组成、润湿性等参数,总结了各种参数的研究方法和技术手段,归纳了高倍水驱后储层微观孔隙参数和宏观参数的变化规律,阐述了研究过程中可能存在的问题,为后续的储层时变研究提供技术指导。

生态脆弱煤矿区水体中微生物群落特征及矿井充水指示

我国生态脆弱矿区水资源整体匮乏,但局部地区矿井涌水却异常巨大。对生态脆弱矿区异常矿井充水水源识别,对矿区生态环境保护意义重大。研究以涌水量超过1 000 m^(3)/h的榆树湾煤矿为背景,在分析矿井涌水量特征的基础上,采集了研究区主要含水层和矿井涌水点的30个水样,开展了水样高通量微生物测序研究。对测序结果采用Alpha多样性分析、Beta多样性分析及微生物构成差异分析,系统研究了矿井水体中微生物群落特征,分析了矿井充水来源。研究结果表明:高通量测试结果通过了Coverage指数检验,验证了其用于矿井充水识别的可行性。但人类活动密切接触的水样显示出微生物更加丰富,需要在取样中有效规避。榆树湾煤矿浅表松散含水层中微生物丰富度和多样性都较高,以新鞘脂菌属(Novosphingobium)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)和硫属(Sulfuricum)等微生物丰度最高;直罗组为代表的基岩含水层微生物丰富度较低,但微生物多样性较高,以丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)、蛲虫属(Vermiphilaceae)和巴氏杆菌(Paeniglutamicibacter)等微生物丰度最高。所有水样中最为优势的门类为变形菌门,占比达到35.5%~89.7%。Alpha多样性、PCoA和NSDM分析揭示了榆树湾矿井充水水源主要来自松散含水层和直罗组含水层。但Beta多样性分析发现,随着直罗组静储量的释放,松散层中离石组黄土充水比例进一步增大。综合分析显示,榆树湾煤矿目前为基岩含水层快速释水+离石组含水层持续释水模式的充水模式,矿井涌水统计分析结果验证了这一结论。研究为相似化学成分含水层充水识别,提供了新的方法。

耐高矿化度压裂液体系研究进展

综述了高矿化度采出水配液时存在的问题,分析了高矿化度采出水对常规压裂液体系性能的影响机理,同时对近年来耐高矿化度水基压裂液体系的性能特点和应用情况作出总结,提出了滑溜水速溶粉剂减阻剂体系是未来耐高矿化度压裂液的一个重要研究方向。

准东高铁煤中伴生矿物对水煤浆成浆性能影响

准东黑山矿区将军庙二矿的准东高铁煤储量丰富,是优质动力煤产区,以该煤样为原料煤,考察煤中主要伴生矿物对水煤浆性能影响。用煤炭浮沉分离方法获得不同矿物含量、种类和分布规律的不同密度等级煤样,并对煤样进行成浆性影响评价。经能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线荧光仪(XRF)确定煤样中元素含量及矿物组成。最后利用SPSS软件计算不同矿物元素含量与成浆性能相关性。发现准东高铁煤密度主要集中于1.40~1.50 g/cm^(3),占整体的55.88%,而密度>1.50 g/cm^(3)煤样约占4.88%;黄铁矿、硫酸铁、高岭土和石英石含量随煤样密度增大而增加,密度>1.50 g/cm^(3)煤样中伴生矿物含量高,Al、Si、S和Fe元素含量均达到最大,其中Fe元素质量分数从<0.5%增至5.97%;水煤浆样品黏度和稳定性也随制备煤样密度增加而下降,使用密度<1.40 g/cm^(3)的ZD1煤样制备的水煤浆黏度960 mPa·s,析水率1.37%,而采用密度>1.50 g/cm^(3)煤样制备的浆体样品整体过于稀薄,成浆黏度降至320 mPa·s,析水率达9.09%;相关性分析显示,煤中伴生Na、Mg和Ca元素在各个密度等级煤样中分布相对均匀,与成浆性能无明显相关性,而Al、Si、S和Fe元素的含量与成浆黏度和稳定性分别呈现显著和极其显著的负相关,即黄铁矿、硫酸铁、高岭土和石英石质量分数越高,水煤浆黏度、稳定性下降趋势越显著。

华北东部晚古生代过渡相煤系地层低阻成因、控制因素与地质意义

华北东部晚古生代过渡相煤系地层中低阻层发育,明确其成因类型、控制因素以及地质意义,可以充分揭示其中所包含的地质信息,对于相关层系油气资源评价和勘探部署具有积极意义。本文以华北东部太原组和山西组中低阻层为研究对象,综合运用岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素和测录井资料,围绕其成因类型、控制因素和地质意义开展研究。结果表明:华北东部晚古生代过渡相煤系低阻层主要发育在太1段和山2段,成因类型包括砂泥岩薄互层、高束缚水体积和发育导电矿物,沉积作用和成岩作用控制了低阻的形成;太1段低阻的成因为砂泥岩薄互层和高束缚水体积,潮汐作用导致的潮汐成因层理和微细孔隙发育促进了障壁海岸背景下太1段低阻的形成,山2段低阻的成因为菱铁矿的密集发育,稳定的覆水还原环境和沉积有机物的成岩演化共同控制了三角洲背景下山2段低阻的形成;太1段的低阻和高毛细管束缚水体积指示着潮坪沉积,说明太原组自下而上为一个海退的过程,是对早二叠世早期冈瓦纳冰川迅速扩张和全球海平面快速下降的响应,山2段的低阻和高光电吸收截面指数指示着三角洲前缘沉积,说明山西组由一期三角洲沉积组成。

矿物填料对水性超薄型防火涂料性能的影响

【目的】研究不同矿物填料及其复配比例对水性超薄型防火涂料性能的影响。【方法】以水性环氧/纯丙复配乳液作成膜物质;聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺作膨胀体系;钛白粉(TiO_(2))、煤矸石(CG)、膨润土(BT)、水滑石(LDH)作矿物填料进行了XRF、TG、FTIR和SEM分析。【结果】结果显示:单一矿物填料的防火性能由强到弱排序为TiO_(2),CG,BT,LDH.单一TiO_(2)填料防火涂料燃烧80min炭层膨胀倍率达到13.6,钢板背温为274.9℃,其炭层结构存在强度弱的问题。复配矿物填料能够达到高效防火、节能低耗、经济环保的目标,同时为矿物填料的高值化利用提供了一种新途径。当TiO_(2)、BT、LDH复配质量比为6∶2∶2时,燃烧炭层膨胀倍率为14.9,钢板背温仅为268.8℃;TiO_(2)、BT、CG复配质量比为8∶1∶1时,膨胀倍率为14.5,钢板背温仅为261.0℃,防火性能优于单一矿物填料。扫描电镜观测发现,BT、CG和LDH的加入使炭层表面结构更致密,结构更坚固。红外光谱分析可知,炭层的残留物中存在磷化物和金属氧化物,炭层结构强度增强。热重分析两种防火涂料的残炭量依次为36.35%、36.92%,炭层热屏蔽性能提高。