Coupling Relationship between Integrated Land Consolidation and Farmland Scale Management in Villages over Coal Resources:A Case Study of Zezhou County in Shanxi Province

Through field sampling survey of 18 villages over coal resources in 3 townships and towns in Zezhou County,Jincheng City,Shanxi Province,this paper analyzed the favorable conditions and obstacles for villages over coal resources to carry out farmland scale management.On this basis,combined with the integrated land consolidation measures in villages over coal resources and their effectiveness,and using the principles of system dynamics,it studied the coupling relationship between integrated land consolidation in villages over coal resources and farmland scale management and built a coupling model.It found that the integrated land consolidation system of villages over coal resources has a coupling relationship with the external and internal conditions of the farmland scale management system at the regional and project scales.The two systems interact with and influence each other through the"bridge"of"agricultural modernization condition".The study indicates that at the same time of integrated land consolidation of villages over coal resources caring about the improvement of internal conditions,it is also necessary to improve the external conditions of farmland scale management through regional scale measures such as laws and policies,to support the implementation of land consolidation projects,and realize farmland scale management.

RESEARCH ON THE THEORY AND METHODS OF COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF REGIONAL COAL RESOURCES

consists of forecasting for the total reserves of regional mineral resources and evaluation,compreIn general,based on evaluated objects and factors involved,evaluation of mineral resources hensive evaluation of regional mineral resources, and economic and technical evaluation of deposits. Here a region can be a country, a province, or a mining area, while a deposit is mainly related to a single type of mineral, although it can contain more than one types of minerals. In the past, to assess mineral resources was primarily to evaluate and forecast the total reserves of regional mineral resources. With the advancement of science, technology, and economy, the evaluation of mineral resources has developed from forecasting the reserves of them to comprehensively evaluating them on the basis of numerous factors.

The Status Quo and Outlook of Chinese Coal Geology and Exploration Technologies

Coal is China＇s dominant energy resource. Coal geological exploration is the basis of sustainable development of coal industry. Since the late 1990s, the advances in Chinese coal geology and exploration techniques have been shown in the following aspects. （1） The basic research of coal geology has changed from traditional geological studies to earth system science; （2） Breakthroughs have been achieved in integrated exploration techniques for coal resources; （3） Evaluation of coal and coalbed methane resources provides important basis for macropolicy making for China＇s coal industry and construction of large coal bases; （4） Significant advances have been made in using information technology in coal geological exploration and 3S （GPS, GIS, RS） technology. For the present and a period of time in the future, major tasks of Chinese coal geological technology are as follows： （1） solving resources replacement problem in eastern China and geological problems of deep mining; （2） solving problem of integrated coal exploration of complex regions in energy bases of central China, and resources problems induced by coal exploitation; （3） making efforts to enhance the level of geological research and resources evaluation of coal-accumulation basins in western China; （4） strengthening geological research of clean coal technologies; （5） strengthening geological research of the problems in modern coal mining and safe production; （6） promoting information technology in coal resources and major geological investigations.

Raw Gangue Filling Mining under Construction —A Case Study in China

In order to recover the strip pillar coal resources, reduce the amount of gangue mountain and realize remediation of the goaf environment in the old mining area, the raw gangue filling mining technology was proposed. According to the previous practical experience, the feasibility of the implementation of raw gangue filling mining technology in the coal-pressed area was analyzed. Through the filling gangue compaction test, the deformation under different loading stages was obtained. Further, a reasonable prediction of the deformation beyond the experimental limited loading load was made based on the experimental results. Through the deformation source analysis of the whole process of gangue filling, the key factors for controlling deformation before, during, and after filling were determined. Additionally, the proportion of deformation during different stages was quantified. Considering the protection of surface buildings, mining fullness of the working face and mining technology, the production parameters of 1209 and 1210 filling working faces were preliminarily determined. Through numerical simulation, the rationality of mining scheme was verified. Based on the practice of 1209 working face and the key factors to control the deformation of gangue filling, the mining system and process in 1210 working face were optimized. According to the measured surface rock movement, raw gangue filling mining technology can meet the requirements of surface building protection level. Especially, this paper provides a method to quantitatively calculate the equivalent mining height (EMH) of raw gangue filling and its mining deformation, which has reference significance for old mining areas.

浅析内蒙古煤矿环境问题及对策

从矿区的水污染、矸石堆放、大气污染、地表塌陷等4个方面分析了内蒙古煤矿环境问题,及其对矿区环境造成的影响和破坏,指出了解决这类问题的方法。

The Cretaceous Turn of Geological Evolution: Key Evidence from East Asia

this work focuses on one of the critical points of Earth＇s history when the Solar System passed through the most distant point of its galactic orbit. During this event, Earth may have suffered from maximum extension, associated with its relative proximity to the Sun at that time, followed by long-term contraction related to its later distancing. This paper is based on generalized data on the Cretaceous evolution of the Earth as a whole and of East Asia in particular. The evidence suggests that major geological processes at this time may be interpreted as transitional changes in the state of Earth. A liquid nature of its core may have reacted to the gravitational and electromagnetic transformations. When the cosmic changes took place at 135-120 Ma, more turbulent flows in the outer core would have favoured the rise of voluminous magmatic plumes and associated fluid flows. These would substantially transform the mantle, crust, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. In particular, plume-related melting of overlying subducting slabs and lower continental crust could have initiated numerous adakitic melts that formed the East Asian Adakitic Province. These and associated juvenile events produced numerous metallic ore, coal, gas and oil deposits. The Cretaceous is one of the most significant resource-producing periods.

Theoretical and technological exploration of deep in situ fluidized coal mining

Mining industries worldwide have inevitably resorted to exploiting resources from the deep underground.However,traditional mining methods can cause various problems,e.g.,considerable mining difficulty,environmental degradations,and frequent disastrous accidents.To exploit deep resources in the future,the concept of mining must be reconsidered and innovative new theories,methods,and technologies must be applied.To effectively acquire coal resources deeper than 2000 m,new theoretical and technological concepts about deep in situ fluidized mining are required.The limits of mining depth need to be broken to acquire deep-coal resources in an environmentally friendly,safe,and efficient manner.This is characterized by‘There are no coal on the ground and no men in the coal mine’.First,this paper systematically explains deep in situ fluidized coal mining.Then,it presents a new theoretical concept,including the theories of mining-induced rock mechanics,three-field visualization,multi-physics coupling for in situ transformation,and in situ mining,transformation and transport.It also presents key technological concepts,including those of intelligent,unmanned,and fluidized mining.Finally,this paper presents a strategic roadmap for deep in situ fluidized coal mining.In summary,this paper develops new theoretical and technological systems for accomplishing groundbreaking innovations in mining technologies of coal resources in the deep underground.

Coal measure metallogeny:Metallogenic system and implication for resource and environment

Coal,coal measure gas,coal conversion to oil and gas,and coal-based new materials are reliable guarantees for stable energy supply and economic and social development in China.The coal-dominated resource endowment and the economic and social development stage determine the irreplaceable position of coal resources in the energy system.Coal measure resources,including aggregated or dispersed solids,liquid and gaseous multitype energies,and metal as well as nonmetallic minerals,are the products of multisphere interaction and metallogenetic materials generation,migration,and accumulation.Coal measures record rich deep-time geological information of transitional and terrestrial peat bogs,which is a crucial carrier to reveal ecosystem evolution,significant organic carbon sequestration,atmospheric O_(2)/CO_(2)variation,and wildfire events.Coal measure evolution is accompanied by the migration and transformation of various materials during diagenesis-metamorphism,forming differentiated coal compositions besides properties and various mineral resources in its adjacent strata.The enrichment condition,occurrence state,and separation potential are the premise for level-by-level use and efficient development of coal measure resources.Coal measure metallogeny is based on the metallogenic system of multiple energy and mineral resources in coal measures and their environmental effects.Fully understanding coal measure metallogeny is beneficial for promoting the coal transition from fuel to raw materials and strengthening its attribute of multiple mineral resources.The metallogeny comprises various aspects,including:(1)the symbiosis mechanism,co-exploration and co-mining conditions of various resources;(2)the source-sink system of ore-forming materials;(3)the differential carbon accumulation and hydrogen enrichment effect;(4)organic(coal and hydrocarbon)and inorganic(mineral)interactions;and(5)combination of minerals naturally enrichment during the metallogenic process and artificial enrichment during the ore processing process.The coal measure metallogeny belongs to the geoscience disciplines,and studies the types,formation,distribution,enrichment mechanisms,evaluation methods,and development strategies of resources related to coal measures.The key scientific problems include geological records related to mineral enrichment processes,metallogenic mechanisms,resource distribution,occurrence evaluation,and accurate development.Developing coal measure metallogeny is significant in improving the critical mineral metallogenic theory,revealing various deep-time earth systems and realizing the national energy transformation and high-quality development.