A Gasification Technology to Combine Oil Sludge with Coal-Water Slurry:CFD Analysis and Performance Determination

The development of more environment-friendly ways to dispose of oil sludge is currently regarded as a hot topic.In this context,gasification technologies are generally seen as a promising way to combine oil sludge with coal–water slurry(CWS)and generate resourceful fuel.In this study,a novel five-nozzle gasifier reactor was analyzed by means of a CFD(Computational fluid dynamic)method.Among several influential factors,special attention was paid to the height-to-diameter ratio of the gasifier and the mixing ratio of oil sludge,which are known to have a significant impact on the flow field,temperature distribution and gasifier performances.According to the numerical results,the optimal height-to-diameter ratio and oil mixing ratio are about 2.4:1 and 20%,respectively.Furthermore,the carbon conversion rate can become as high as 98.55%with the hydrolysis rate reaching a value of 53.88%.The consumption of raw coal and oxygen is generally reduced,while the effective gas production is increased to 50.93 mol/%.

Effects of fractal surface on rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of modified brown coal water slurries

The paper reports the effects of surface fractal structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of raw brown coal and three modified coal water slurries （CWSs）. The results show that the fractal structures and physicochemical properties of samples are dependent on various modification processes. The apparent viscosities of the coal water slurries increase with increasing surface fractal dimensions （D）, especially with decreasing shear rates. Fur- thermore, it has been proved that the ignition temperatures and apparent activation energies of modified CWSs are lower than that of raw coal water slurry. Compared with the traditional qualitative analysis of the effect of pore structures on CWSs properties, D can more efficiently indicate the quantificational effect of pore structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of CWSs.

Simulation analysis of ammonia distribution in methanol production from coal water slurry gasification

Aspen plus software was employed to simulate process. The system concludes gasification scrubbing system the opposed multi-burner gasifier （OMB） methanol production and purification shift system. The distributions of ammonia con- centration in streams were obtained. The study demonstrates that ammonium crystallization problem caused by ammonia ac- cumulation, and if the process has ammonia exports its concentration will greatly reduced and the ammonia salt problem will effectively alleviate. Aspen plus simulation is a useful tool strengthening the ammonia recycling use and reducing pollutant for improving water quality, maintaining stable production, emissions.

Blended coals for improved coal water slurries

Three coal samples of different ranks were used to study the effect of coal blending on the preparation of Coal Water Slurry (CWS). The results show that by taking advantage of two kinds of coal, the coal concentration in slurry made from hard-to-pulp coal can be effectively improved and increased by 3%–5% generally. DLT coal (DaLiuTa coal mine) is very poor in slurryability and the stability and rheology of the resulting slurry are not very good. When the amount of easily slurried coal is more than 30%, all properties of the CWS improve and the CWS meets the requirements for use as fuel. Coalification, porosity, surface oxygenic functional groups, zeta potential and grindability have a great effect on the performance of blended coal CWS. This leads to some differences in performance between the slurry made from a single coal and slurry made from blended coal.

Life Cycle Assessment of Ultra-clean Micronized Coal Oil Water Slurry

Life cycle assessment is applied to assess the ultra-clean micronized coal oil water slurry (UCMCOWS) with SimaPro and the environmental impact of UCMCOWS on its whole life cycle is also analyzed. The result shows that the consumption of energy and products are increasing along with the deepening of UCMCOWS processing, UCMCOWS making and combustion are the two periods which have a bigger impact on eco-system and human health. As a new substitute of fuel, UCMCOWS merits to be utilized more efficiently and reasonably.

Application of coal-water slurry on the rotary calcining kiln of pedgion magnesium reduction process

Energy saving has been an important concept in modern industry especially to the countries and regions with energy shortage such as China and Japan. Utilization of Coal-Water Slurry （CWS） can improve the burning efficiency of coal and reduce the pollutions of soot, sulfide and the nitride by burning lump coal directly. The CWS is a promising energy saving technique and the effectual substitute of oil. The study on the preparation and application of the CWS has made progresses in many aspects. The present paper studied the basal problems for applying the CWS on the rotary kilns during the calcining-dolomite process in the magnesium factory, summarized the key points for the application process of the CWS and gave the corresponding solutions.

Theoretical Models of Light Scattering Applied in Sizing Particles in Coal Water Slurry

Advantges and disadvantage of Mie scattering model and Fraunhofer diffraction model are discussed. The result shows that 1) the Fraunhofer diffraction model is simple in design and fast in operation, which is quite suitable for on-line control and 2) the intensity and energy distribution of diffracted light of both the Mie scattering model and the Fraunhofer theoretical model are compared and researched. Feasibility of using the Fraunhofer diffraction model to replace the Mie scattering model in measuring particles in coal water slurry is demonstrated.

Characterization of coal water slurry prepared for PRB coal

Powder River Basin(PRB)coal,which accounts for over 40%of the coal consumed for power generation in the United States,was investigated for preparation of coal water slurry(CWS).The static stability and rheology of the CWS were characterized as a function of loading.The coal loading was varied from 30%to 50%and both ionic(sodium polystyrene sulphonate(PSS))and nonionic(Triton X-100)surfactants were employed as additives.The addition of PSS to PRB slurries was found to yield poor static stability.On the other hand,Triton X-100 was found to be an effective surfactant,reducing the sedimentation by more than 50%compared to the one without surfactant in 45%CWS.Adding Triton X-100 reduces the viscosity of the CWS for coal loadings of30%and 40%.Although the viscosities for coal loading of 42.5%and 45%are higher when Triton X-100 is added,the static stability is significantly better than for samples without surfactant.The highest coal loading for PRB slurry with acceptable viscosity for pumping is 42.5%.

Combustion and Sulfur-fixing Performance of Pulping Black Liquor Coal-water Slurry

The effects of adding pulping black liquor and other additives to coal-water slurry(CWS) on the sulfur-fixing performance of the resultant mixture(pulping black liquor coal-water slurry) were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that the ash content of the black liquor coalwater slurry decreased as the addition of pulping black liquor in the mixture increased. Nevertheless, the addition amount should be appropriately selected to ensure that the black liquor coal-water slurry had a moderate calorific value. Addition of black liquor improved the combustion performance of CWS by lowering the ignition point and stabilizing the combustion process; moreover, the sulfur-fixation ratio after combustion increased by 12 to 16 percentage points than that of CWS, and the content of high-melting-point salt in the ash from CWS after adding black liquor was low. The sulfur-fixing ratio of CWS after adding a sulfur-fixing agent was effectively increased by 25 to 30 percenatge points, but with compromise of the fluidity and stability of the CWS; thus, the addition amount of a sulfur-fixing agent should be optimized.

Main Influencing Factors on Service Life of High Chrome Refractories for Coal Water Slurry Gasifiers

The main characteristics of high chrome refractories for coal water slurry gasifiers were introduced. The damage mechanism of the refractories was analyzed by observing the microstructure of the used high chrome refractories with the aid of SEM. The main influencing factors on the service life of the refractories were summarized.

CORRECTION OF WALL SLIP EFFECTS AND RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT OF HIGH CONCENTRATED COAL WATER SLURRY

Coal-water slurry, a ncw liquid fuel, began to appcar during the world-wide petroleum crisis in the seventies of this century. Its applications to substitute petroleum drew great attention on the investigations of its preparation, combustion and transportation, etc. The rheological behavior is an important quality index for the fuel. However, the conventional viscosimeters designed for true fluids are not suited to the high concentrated slurry due to the complicated rheological bchavior. A special viscosimeter of tube type was rcpresented, which was designed and set up by the authors for the measurement of the theology of high concentrated coal-water slurry and experiments were conducted with two kinds of slurries from P. R. China. In consideration of the wall sliD effects the correction of the experimental data were made.

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究Ⅺ分散剂改性煤粒的界面性质及其对CWS性质的影响

测定了10种分散剂与14种煤所形成分散体系的Zeta电位,研究了分散剂对改性煤粒界面电化学性质的影响。结果表明,煤的变质程度越低、溶出高价离子越多,分散剂改性煤粒的Zeta电位越低。阴离子分散剂亲水基团的数量和所带电荷越多,改性煤粒的Zeta电位越高。非离子分散剂使改性煤粒的Zeta电位降低。阴离子分散剂改性的煤粒,Zeta电位大小能很大程度反映煤粒的亲水性强弱,很多阴离子分散剂改性煤粒的Zeta电位都与其吸水量成正相关。建立了包括煤自身亲水性(Mad)、分散剂亲水改性程度(△MHC),以及Zeta电位(ζ)和分散剂在单位煤表面积上的吸附量(Γs)在内的成浆性经验模型:CFV=76.62-1.896Mad-3.430△MHC+0.489Γs.ζ。该模型的计算值与实验结果很相近,而且还能反应出各变量对煤的成浆性所产生的影响。

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究 Ⅴ.煤在分散剂水溶液中的溶出离子及其对CWS性质的影响

通过原子吸收和等离子体原子发射光谱法,研究了6种不同分散剂对14种煤溶出Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+(Fe2+)、Al3+、SiO2-3离子的影响。结果表明,煤中溶出高价离子的数量,主要取决于分散剂与高价离子间的相互作用特征,以及矿物质的种类和数量。煤在不同分散剂水溶液中溶出高价离子的多少,并不单纯与水煤浆(CWS)的流变性或煤的成浆性具有相关性。煤中矿物质对CWS性质的影响,是多种因素综合作用的结果,溶出离子的种类和数量只是其中的重要因素之一。

CWS-II系列水煤浆燃烧器的研制

水煤浆作为一种有前途的煤基流体燃料,有着极为广泛的应用前景。“六五”期间开发的CWS-I系列工业炉窑水煤浆燃烧器在水煤浆的示范应用工程中,取得了一系列突破,但也存在磨损严重、寿命短等缺陷,从而限制了水煤浆技术在工业领域的进一步推广和应用。在分析了CWS-I系列水煤浆燃烧器存在主要问题的基础上,研制开发了CWS-II系列水煤浆专用燃烧器。

CPCWS中水质子的核磁共振自旋晶格弛豫时间和化学位移

运用核磁共振手段,揭示了浆体中水的形态及其动态行为,并研究浆体性质与之的关联.实验测得神府煤-石油焦-水浆(CPCWS)中水质子的化学位移与煤焦中煤的百分含量的线性关系.并从NMR测得束缚水的化学位移δb,导出计算浆体中束缚水百分含量的公式.从CPCWS中水质子的化学位移与浆体表观粘度的相关曲线可确定最佳配比的浆体.测得全焦浆中水质子自旋-晶格驰豫时间T1比全煤浆大42倍,讨论了CPCWS的T1随煤含量的变化趋势.实验表明,T1可作为CPCWS中碳质点的疏水或亲水性以及水分子形态和动态行为的定量表征.

Effects of the grinding process on the preparation and qualities of CWS

Two different grinding processes were examined to determine the effect grinding has on the quality of a CWS. A series of slurries was prepared from Australian (Au) and Chinese (YZ) coals. Both types of coal were ground by a Chinese (CUMT) and an Australian (JK) grinding process. The performance tests of the prepared CWS showed that fluidity of all slurries was acceptable. The concentration of the CWS from YZ coal ground by the CUMT grinding process was higher than when the JK grinding process was used. The highest concentration was 70.14% in this case. The concentration of the CWS prepared from Au coal by the JK grinding process was higher than when the CUMT grinding process was used. The highest con- centration in this case was 70.97%. These differences are caused by the particle size distribution devel- oped during the different grinding processes.

Research on the Atomization Characteristics of UCMCWS──A Novel Diesel Oil Substitute

Ultra-Clean Micronized Coal Water Slurry (UCMCWS ) as a form or coal-based fuel can be used in place of oil in diesel engine, gas turbine and clean combustion. In laboratory UCMCWS has been made from ultra-clean coal with ash less than 0. 8%, with concentration of UCMCWS less than 55%, and with viscosity less than 600 mPa. s. A test rig of atomization with diesel oil nozzle has been made. A preliminary conclusion is that UCMCWS can be atomized as good as diesel oil in the working condition of diesel engine.

关于黑龙江省水煤浆产业发展的建议

为促进黑龙江水煤浆产业发展,分析水煤浆产业发展现状,探讨进一步加快发展水煤浆产业的建议,如政府主导统筹协调发展,地方推动配套工程示范,坚定落实绿色发展战略,增加核心技术储备等。

水煤浆添加剂的研究现状

近年来,水煤浆技术作为一种高效的煤炭清洁利用途径备受关注。但水煤浆的成浆性能受到煤质、煤粉粒度分布、添加剂等因素的制约,其中添加剂是水煤浆制备过程中决定生产成本和浆体性能的重要因素。介绍了传统水煤浆添加剂的主要特点,综述了污泥、工业废水、生物质等废弃物作为环保型水煤浆添加剂的研究进展,并对水煤浆添加剂未来的发展方向进行了展望。

基于煤颗粒−结合水复合相的水煤浆导热系数预测模型

水煤浆气流床气化是目前大型先进煤气化技术之一,提升水煤浆气化效率有助于推动煤炭清洁高效利用。水煤浆预热技术被认为是提高煤气化能源利用效率的关键技术之一。目前,复杂液固悬浮液导热系数的变化规律和内在机理仍未被完全认识。导热系数是介质流动换热的重要基础参数,表征着其在稳态导热过程的导热能力。利用瞬态热线法测定不同温度下相同质量分数水煤浆的导热系数,实验结果表明:温度越高,导热系数越高。在室温下测定不同质量分数下水煤浆的导热系数,实验结果表明可以分为2个阶段:质量分数从51%增大到58%时为下降区,导热系数快速下降,由0.401 W/(m·K)降至0.358 W/(m·K);而质量分数继续增加,从58%到67%时为恒定区,导热系数基本保持在0.358 W/(m·K)。基于实验结果,综合考虑平行模型、麦克斯韦模型、广义自洽模型等复合材料模型,提出煤颗粒−结合水复合的水煤浆导热系数平行预测模型。水煤浆中的水分包含自由水和结合水,结合水会和煤颗粒形成煤颗粒−结合水复合相,将水煤浆视为复合相和自由水相组成的两相复合材料。在下降区,随着煤颗粒质量分数的增加,自由水相减少,复合相不变,水煤浆导热系数快速降低;在恒定区,随着煤颗粒质量分数的进一步增加,复合相中的结合水量减少,但复合相的导热系数基本维持稳定。