Dry Separation of Iron Minerals from Low-Grade Coal-series Kaolin

Dry separation of iron mineral from low-grade coal-series kaolin in Hubei Province of China was investigated. The structure and chemical composition of the kaolin ore were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF) analyses. The narrow particle size range classification, dry magnetic separation and calcination were carried out to evaluate the particle size distribution, and the relation between the content of iron and the whiteness. Experimental results revealed that the highest content of iron(3.70%) in kaolin ore was in the particle size range from 60 to 74 μm, and pyrite was the main occurrence of iron in the kaolin ore. Dry magnetic separation showed that the removal rate of iron in kaolin ore could be increased obviously after calcination, and the rate of iron removal was 60% in the particle size range from 60 to 74 μm. As pyrite can be transformed into hematite through calcination, thermodynamic studies and XRD analysis showed that the maximum content of hematite was obtained at 900 ℃, which would be more beneficial to magnetic separation.

STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF COAL-SERIES KAOLIN ROCK RESOURCES

In this paper, the main factors that influence on qualities of kaolin in the area are revealed by studying the properties of coal-series kaolin in Enshi, Hubei (P. R. China), technologies of ferrum and carbon elimination for coal-series kaolin are investigated , and ways to fully uti-lize the resource are hopeful to be sought.

Influence of Replacement Level of Coal-series Kaolin on Hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement by X-ray Diffraction/Rietveld Method

The influence of replacement level of calcined coal-series kaolin(CCK) on hydration of ordinary Portland cement(OPC) was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD)/Rietveld method. X-ray diffraction/Rietveld method was used to quantify the crystalline phase composition of the hydrated samples. Additionally, the morphology of hydrated samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that, calcium hydroxide(CH), ettringite(AFt) and amorphous phase content in hydrated samples decreased as the replacement level of CCK increased, while AFm and str?tlingite increased, which was caused by the combination of dilute, physical and pozzolanic effects. The hydration of anhydrous cement phases was accelerated by physical effect but hindered by the retardation effect of CCK. The role of each effects was discussed in detail to analyze the mechanism of OPC hydration with CCK addition. The SEM images showed that the shortening of AFt at 1 day and the denser texture at 28 days was observed with CCK addition, which was caused by the physical and pozzolanic effects, respectively.

An Investigation into the Performances of Cement Mortar Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer Synthesized with Kaolin

Cement-based materials are fundamental in the construction industry,and enhancing their properties is an ongoing challenge.The use of superabsorbent polymers(SAP)has gained significant attention as a possible way to improve the performance of cement-based materials due to their unique water-absorption and retention properties.This study investigates the multifaceted impact of kaolin intercalation-modified superabsorbent polymers(K-SAP)on the properties of cement mortar.The results show that K-SAP significantly affects the cement mortar’s rheological behavior,with distinct phases of water absorption and release,leading to changes in workability over time.Furthermore,K-SAP alters the hydration kinetics,delaying the exothermic peak of hydration and subsequently modifying the heat release kinetics.Notably,K-SAP effectively maintains a higher internal relative humidity within the mortar,reducing the autogenous shrinkage behavior.Moreover,K-SAP can have a beneficial effect on pore structure and this can be ascribed to the internal curing effect of released water from K-SAP.

Improvement of Rice Plant Root by Kaolin Application in Iron Toxicity Condition at Zoukougbeu (Central-West of Côte d’Ivoire)

In the tropics, lowland rice cultivation is often confronted with the problem of iron toxicity. The solution proposed by research in general is the use of industrial silicon. However, the high cost of industrial silicon limits its adoption by farmers. A study was carried out in Zakogbeu;Center-West of Côte d’Ivoire, to assess the potential of kaolin to mitigate the effect of this soil constraint on the root of the rice plant. Five kaolin-based treatments were analyzed (T0 = 0 kg kaolin ha−1, T1 = 366 kg kaolin ha−1, T2 = 736 kg kaolin ha−1, T3 = 1097 kg kaolin ha−1 and T4 = 1465 kg kaolin ha−1 are 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg SiO2 ha−1) in a device in complete random blocks, with 5 repetitions. The results obtained show that kaolin supply increases the length of the root tissue as well as the number of branching of the root of the rice plant. Root tissue increased from 10 cm with T0 treatment to more than 15 cm with treatment T4. The microscopic observation of the roots shows that in the treatment T0, the roots present only primary ramifications and the tertiary and quaternary ramifications are observed with the treatments T3 and T4. The contribution of kaolin is an alternative to inhibit the effect of iron toxicity on the rice plant root development in iron toxicity condition.

Development of Kaolin and Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites for Thermal Insulating Panels

In our modern world, where conserving energy is highly valued, thermal insulation panels play a crucial role in reducing heat transfer between two spaces, surfaces, or materials. They are used to enhance the energy efficiency of various industrial applications by minimizing heat loss and temperature control. These panels function as silent protectors, aiding in reducing energy consumption and making things more sustainable and better for the environment. This is where composite materials come in;they are known for their lightweight nature, high strength-to-weight ratio, and excellent thermal insulation properties and have gained significant attention. Researchers are actively engaged in various studies aimed at enhancing these materials further. This research project focuses on the development of kaolin and glass fiber-reinforced composites for thermally insulating panels, to which natural strengthening materials like corn husk and bamboo fibers are added. The aim is to create cost-effective and efficient composite materials for thermal insulation applications by incorporating these components with a binder consisting of potassium silicate, hydroxide, and distilled water. This project involves conducting compression tests, bending tests, impact tests, thermal conductivity measurements, and microscopic analysis to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of the developed composites. The profound impact of these engineered composites on thermal insulation panels stands to revolutionize energy conservation efforts, offering a potent avenue to minimize heat loss and enhance overall energy efficiency across an array of industrial sectors.

土性对工程泥浆固化强度影响规律及微观机理

本文开展了一系列不同液限高分子吸水树脂固化工程泥浆无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了泥浆土液限对固化效率的影响规律,对比研究了掺入高岭土对泥浆固化强度的改进程度,最后基于XRD和SEM试验揭示了液限和高岭土对固化泥浆强度影响的微观机理。结果表明:随着泥浆土液限的增大,固化泥浆土强度逐渐降低,固化效率随着泥浆土液限增大显著衰减,当液限增加10%,固化泥浆土强度qu平均减少48.2%。然而高岭土的掺入则显著提升了固化泥浆土的强度,并且强度增长率随着龄期逐渐增大,对于龄期为90天时,增加40%高岭土能够提升固化泥浆土强度qu 1.17倍。微观结构试验表明泥浆土液限变化对水化产物产量的影响较小,固化泥浆土强度随泥浆土液限减小主要是由于固化泥浆土孔隙随着泥浆土液限增大而增多,使得微观结构松散从而导致强度降低。高岭土的掺入则显著提升了固化泥浆土的水化产物产量,增强了固化泥浆土胶结强度,从而提升了固化泥浆土强度。因此,在实际工程中,一方面可以通过调配泥浆土液限来提高固化效率;另一方面可以通过掺入高岭土或者一些高岭土基废弃物(如高岭土尾矿)来提高固化强度,实现“以废制废”绿色环保的理念。

基于高岭土增韧环氧树脂水泥基材料的多强度组合指标配比优化法

煅烧高岭土能有效改善环氧树脂水泥基材料的力学性能,实验表明:煅烧高岭土可大大提高环氧树脂水泥基材料的3 d早期抗折、抗压强度,当高岭土掺量为30%时,改性环氧树脂水泥基材料的抗折及抗压强度分别提高了134.28%、106.25%;当高岭土掺量小于30%时,改性环氧树脂水泥基材料具有二次抗折强度,且抗折强度残余率大于50%。根据不同高岭土掺量对改性环氧树脂水泥基材料抗压强度、抗折强度、二次抗折强度的影响规律,提出了适用于不同结构工程受力特点的多强度组合指标配比优化法,获得了考虑二次抗拉强度影响的不同最大拉应力和最大压应力组合条件下最优的高岭土配比,为实际不同结构体不同部位不同受力特征的高岭土改性环氧树脂水泥基材料制备提供了理论依据。

高吸油量煅烧高岭土的制备与性能表征

通过插层剂二甲基亚砜、接枝剂甲醇和剥离试剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵协同超声震荡辅助作用,将层状煤系高岭土剥离为超细片状煤系高岭土。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)、N_(2)吸附-脱附及扫描电镜(SEM)与能谱分析(EDS)等技术手段对煤系高岭土进行表征。结果表明,其层间距由层状煤系高岭土的0.708 nm扩大到片状煤系高岭土的1.12 nm,内部孔隙增加,形成了裂隙形状的介孔且孔径分布均匀。煅烧高岭土较煤系高岭土的吸油性能大幅提升,其吸油量从60~73 g/100 g煤系高岭土增至70~79 g/100 g煅烧高岭土。整个制备工艺流程中无引入强酸强碱等腐蚀性物质,提供了一种环境友好型煅烧高岭土制备技术。

改性高岭土处理模拟印染废水效果研究

本文采用煅烧方法活化高岭土,采用聚合硫酸铁处理煅烧活化后的高岭土,通过对比2种高岭土的表征,利用它们处理大红染料模拟印染废水的色度,分析2种高岭土表征对模拟印染废水色度处理效果的相关性。结果表明,聚合硫酸铁改性煅烧活化后的高岭土比煅烧活化高岭土在BET表面积、吸附体积及BJH吸附平均孔径的数据显示更优,而运用聚合硫酸铁改性煅烧活化后的高岭土处理模拟印染废水色度的去除率更高,可高达99.94%。

超细粉末压片法X荧光仪测定高岭土中主量元素

利用超细粉碎技术,将高岭土标准物质(含内部控制样)粉碎至微米级,建立起超细制样粉末压片X射线荧光光谱法的高岭土工作曲线,克服了粒度效应和矿物效应,测定高岭土的主量元素含量。扣除灼失含量校正,用归一化法计算,标准物质测定结果与标准值一致。方法准确度高,精密度好,极大提高了高岭土的检测效率,主元素铝的氧化物加标回收率在92.00%~110.00%之间。满足了高岭土主量元素的检测需求,减少了对环境的污染。

高岭土对含有Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)污水吸附性实验

这是一篇环境工程领域的论文。为了研究高岭土对含有Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)污水吸附性能的影响,开展了不同初始浓度、温度、吸附时间、高岭土掺量和pH值作用下高岭土吸附重金属离子实验,并分析了高岭土对Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)共同吸附实验结果。结果表明:高岭土吸附金属Pb^(2+)离子的效果要好于高岭土吸附金属Cu^(2+)离子的效果。结合实验结果和经济效益而言,在初始浓度为200 mg/L,pH值为6、温度为30℃,高岭土掺量为1.5 g,吸附时间为2.0 h时,高岭土对金属Pb^(2+)和Cu^(2+)离子的吸附效果较优,其中金属Pb^(2+)离子的吸附量分别达到了56.38、56.22、58.76、35.75、和42.42 mg/g,金属Cu^(2+)离子的吸附量45.99、47.45、47.27、25.26、22.52 mg/g。整体上,高岭土对共同吸附金属离子(Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+))的吸附量要小于单一离子的吸附量,这是由于两个金属离子在吸附过程中会相互影响对方的吸附过程。Langmuir模型对实验曲线的拟合度要远远高于Freundlich模型对实验曲线的拟合度,这就说明了Langmuir等温吸附模型更加适用于高岭土吸附金属离子吸附量的变化规律,进而证明了高岭土吸附重金属离子属于表面吸附,被吸附的重金属离子都是相互独立存在的。

磁场强化对高岭土除铁过程的影响

以天然高岭土为研究对象,通过磁场强化技术对其进行除铁增白的实验。采用失重法对高岭土中铁含量的去除效果进行检测,并综合运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDX)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等测试手段,全面评估除铁效果。实验结果揭示,随着磁场强化时间的延长,高岭土中铁的去除量随之增加,尤其在磁场强化1天后,除铁效果最为显著。此外,XRD测试显示磁场强化处理并未对高岭土的微观结构造成破坏。SEM-EDX和XRF测试结果进一步证实了磁场强化在高岭土高效除铁方面具有优越性。

码头工程建设对红树林湿地的影响及修复措施

受码头建设的影响,北海铁山港榄根作业区附近的红树林湿地出现受损退化现象。为了恢复稳定良好的湿地生态,2021年9月在对该区域红树林及其生境进行调查采样的基础上,分析了红树林湿地的受损退化原因。结果表明,码头工程建设期间,高岭土悬浮物沉积或附着于红树林根部及叶片上,不仅严重影响植物呼吸和光合作用,而且致其根部腐烂进而导致死亡;码头建设导致的红树林湿地内水流减缓,以及因围填活动引起的局部滩面抬高也是红树林受损退化的原因。提出新增或拓宽现有潮汐通道、局部微地形改造,以及红树林造林恢复等生态修复措施,为沿海地区开展码头工程建设对红树林的影响研究与生态修复实践提供借鉴。

肯尼亚沃伊矿区高岭土矿床地质特征及成因探讨

本文在对肯尼亚沃伊矿区高岭土矿进行专项地质调查和综合研究的基础上,分析了高岭土矿床的地质特征和矿床成因,总结了找矿标志。研究认为:肯尼亚沃伊矿区高岭土矿床赋存于前寒武纪长英质变粒岩中,是优质的高岭土矿石,可满足各类工业应用要求;该矿床为风化残积型高岭土矿床;区内高岭土一般为白色高岭土,白色的黏土矿物为本区高岭土找矿直接标志,富含有长石的基岩为高岭土矿的间接找矿标志。研究结果为肯尼亚高岭土的找矿工作提供参考。

电动土工塑料排水板修复重金属污染高岭土试验研究

针对重金属锌和镉污染的低渗透性高岭土,采用电动土工塑料排水板(EKG)作为电极材料,通过自制模型试验装置研究了电动修复中电势梯度、通电时间、含水率对重金属去除率的影响,确定电动修复的最优试验条件。在最优试验条件下,开展了电极材料、电势梯度对不同种类重金属去除效果影响的试验研究。结果表明:随着修复时间的增长,阳极处重金属污染物逐渐减少,阴极处重金属污染物富集逐渐增加;试验条件相同情况下,重金属污染物Cd的除去率明显高于Zn;电势梯度越大,重金属Zn离子的去除率越高;电动土工塑料排水板作为电极的电动修复重金属污染土的效果要优于石墨电极。研究有助于揭示电动修复重金属污染土的效果和机理,为电动生态环境修复技术的应用提供技术支持。

福建大田县元山高岭土矿床成矿地质特征及开发利用前景

通过福建大田县元山高岭土矿床的成矿地质特征及开发利用价值的分析,认为:元山高岭土矿产出于流纹斑岩风化壳内,矿石质量尚佳,埋藏浅,适宜露天分台阶开采;矿物主要为高岭石和石英,高岭石多为集合体,少量为他形片状单体;高岭土应用领域广泛,元山高岭土矿床具有较大的经济价值,具有较好的开发利用前景。

江西某砂质高岭土石英资源综合利用试验研究

随着光伏装机量持续增长,光伏玻璃用石英砂的需求量迅速增加。优质石英资源日益消耗,使得高岭土伴生低品质石英资源也开始作为光伏玻璃用石英砂的原料。本试验对江西某SiO_(2)含量(质量分数,下同)为63.53%,Al_(2)O_(3)含量为26.10%,Fe_(2)O_(3) 含量为1.10%的砂质高岭土进行分级提纯处理,+40目(+450μm)样品经磁选-浮选处理后得到SiO_(2)含量为99.94%的无黄皮、无黑点板材砂产品。40~140目(106~450μm)样品经磁选-擦洗-浮选-酸浸工艺提纯后,得到SiO_(2)含量为99.90%,Fe_(2)O_(3) 含量为76.40μg/g,Al_(2)O_(3)含量为580.87μg/g的产品,满足JC/T 2314-2015《光伏玻璃用硅质原料》中对光伏砂的质量要求。

淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺与聚丙烯酰胺对高岭土动态絮凝差异的研究

高岭土等黏土矿的存在是煤泥水沉降效果差的主要原因,目前尚未有关于难沉降煤泥水动态絮凝过程的研究。相较于聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)合成单体的毒性,淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺(SAM)合成的单体可降解性好。为此,以高岭土为研究对象,系统对比了SAM与PAM对高岭土动态絮凝过程的影响。首先,考察了不同SAM与PAM用量下的沉降速度和絮凝效果。随后,通过聚焦光束反射测量(FBRM)和颗粒录影显微镜(PVM)技术研究了高岭土悬浮液在SAM和PAM作用下的不同粒级颗粒数量变化。沉降实验和FBRM-PVM测试结果表明,PAM能够形成更多的+100μm大絮团,使得PAM具有更好的沉降效果;SAM形成的絮团更稳定,对细颗粒的絮凝效果更好。最后,通过FBRM获得的数据,基于Smoluchowski模型计算了PAM和SAM作用下高岭土的絮凝动力学参数,发现PAM作用下的絮凝指数明显高于SAM,同时-30μm和30~60μm颗粒数量的动态变化主导了絮凝动力学中絮团的形成过程。总体而言,PAM可以形成更多的、松散的大絮团,有利于高岭土的快速沉降,但对微细颗粒絮凝效果不佳。相较于PAM,SAM独特的多链立体网状结构,有利于微细颗粒絮凝和形成稳定的絮团,从而避免选煤厂洗水系统中细泥的循环积聚。

基于响应面法的煤矸石氯化焙烧除铁工艺参数优化

为解决煤矸石氯化焙烧除铁过程中氯化剂消耗量过高、焙烧时间掌握不准以及除铁率难以达到期望值的问题,以CaCl_(2)作为氯化剂对煤矸石进行氯化焙烧除铁,在焙烧温度分别为600℃,700℃,800℃,900℃,1000℃,CaCl_(2)添加量(质量分数)分别为5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,焙烧时间分别为90 min,120 min,150 min,180 min,210 min的单因素实验基础上,通过Design-Expert13.0.6软件设计和优化了煤矸石氯化焙烧除铁实验。通过方差分析、等高线分析、响应面分析证明了模型的可靠并分析了各变量之间的交互影响关系。运用响应面优化法以除铁率为指标优化了工艺参数。结果表明:焙烧温度与焙烧时间交互最为显著,CaCl_(2)添加量与焙烧时间交互最低。各影响因子按影响显著性由大到小依次为焙烧温度、CaCl_(2)添加量、焙烧时间;随着焙烧温度升高除铁率进一步提升,由于焙烧温度超过1000℃后产物会转为莫来石,因此控制焙烧温度不超过950℃,当CaCl_(2)添加量达到15%时除铁率最好,超过这一添加量会降低除铁率,焙烧时间达到180 min时除铁率基本上达到了最高值,继续延长焙烧时间对除铁率的影响不大;对响应面模型预测并优化后得到了最佳的工艺条件,即焙烧温度为915℃,CaCl_(2)添加量为15%,焙烧时间为175 min,在此条件下除铁率达到了95.23%,实验值与预测值基本一致。