This research explores strategies to enhance the efficiency of secondary treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (CW) in Montenegro. The focus is on selecting appropriate primary treatment methods alongside th...This research explores strategies to enhance the efficiency of secondary treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (CW) in Montenegro. The focus is on selecting appropriate primary treatment methods alongside three distinct substrate types to improve wastewater treatment efficacy. The study examines the combination of two primary treatments with different substrate types in constructed wetlands (CW1, CW2, and CW3). The primary treatments include the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Podgorica, involving coarse material removal through screens, inert material separation in aerated sand traps, and sediment and suspended matter removal in primary sedimentation tanks. The Extreme Separator (ExSep) was employed to evaluate its efficacy as a primary treatment method. The research demonstrates that the efficiency of CW can be significantly enhanced by selecting suitable primary treatment methods and substrates in Podgorica’s conditions. The most promising results were achieved by combining ExSep as a primary treatment with secondary treatment in CW-3. The removal efficiencies after CW3 for COD, BOD, and TSS exceeded 89%, 93%, and 91%, respectively. The outcomes underscore the significance of primary treatment in mitigating pollutant loads before discharge into the constructed wetlands, emphasizing potential areas for further optimization in wastewater treatment practices to enhance environmental sustainability and water quality management.展开更多
Constructed wetlands (CWs) can achieve a high-quality wastewater treatment and a quality that meets the prescribed standard, defined by legislation on wastewater discharge. A limitation in the application of construct...Constructed wetlands (CWs) can achieve a high-quality wastewater treatment and a quality that meets the prescribed standard, defined by legislation on wastewater discharge. A limitation in the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) is the large area requirement, which limits their application. The subject matter of this research is to check the possibility of improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and reducing the required area for constructed wetlands (CWs) by using an adequate substrate under the conditions found in Montenegro. In the described experiment, the constructed wetlands (CW) have a vertical flow system and play the role of a secondary wastewater treatment, receiving water from the existing WWTP in Podgorica after the primary treatment. These vertical flow systems reflect experience with the use of similar systems in Slovenija, Austria and Italy. Measurements to date show that the substrate plays an important role and that wastewater treatment efficacy varies significantly with respect to the type of substrate when used under the conditions available in Montenegro.展开更多
研究了叶黄素酯CWS(Cold Water Soluble)微囊粉的理化性质以及在不同环境下,包括光照、温度、pH和氧气对其稳定性的影响。实验研究结果表明,叶黄素酯CWS微囊粉表面含油率为0.84%,含水率为0.91%,堆密度为0.50g/cm3,色价为58.05,平均粒径...研究了叶黄素酯CWS(Cold Water Soluble)微囊粉的理化性质以及在不同环境下,包括光照、温度、pH和氧气对其稳定性的影响。实验研究结果表明,叶黄素酯CWS微囊粉表面含油率为0.84%,含水率为0.91%,堆密度为0.50g/cm3,色价为58.05,平均粒径为302.63nm,溶解速度为32s;通过实验比较光照、温度、pH和氧气对叶黄素酯CWS微囊粉和叶黄素酯晶体的稳定性影响,结果显示叶黄素酯经过微囊化处理后,理化性质得到改良。微囊化技术的使用可以明显提高叶黄素酯的光稳定性和热稳定性,并能降低pH和氧气对叶黄素酯含量的影响。同时为叶黄素酯开拓了更广泛的应用领域。展开更多
文摘This research explores strategies to enhance the efficiency of secondary treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (CW) in Montenegro. The focus is on selecting appropriate primary treatment methods alongside three distinct substrate types to improve wastewater treatment efficacy. The study examines the combination of two primary treatments with different substrate types in constructed wetlands (CW1, CW2, and CW3). The primary treatments include the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Podgorica, involving coarse material removal through screens, inert material separation in aerated sand traps, and sediment and suspended matter removal in primary sedimentation tanks. The Extreme Separator (ExSep) was employed to evaluate its efficacy as a primary treatment method. The research demonstrates that the efficiency of CW can be significantly enhanced by selecting suitable primary treatment methods and substrates in Podgorica’s conditions. The most promising results were achieved by combining ExSep as a primary treatment with secondary treatment in CW-3. The removal efficiencies after CW3 for COD, BOD, and TSS exceeded 89%, 93%, and 91%, respectively. The outcomes underscore the significance of primary treatment in mitigating pollutant loads before discharge into the constructed wetlands, emphasizing potential areas for further optimization in wastewater treatment practices to enhance environmental sustainability and water quality management.
文摘Constructed wetlands (CWs) can achieve a high-quality wastewater treatment and a quality that meets the prescribed standard, defined by legislation on wastewater discharge. A limitation in the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) is the large area requirement, which limits their application. The subject matter of this research is to check the possibility of improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and reducing the required area for constructed wetlands (CWs) by using an adequate substrate under the conditions found in Montenegro. In the described experiment, the constructed wetlands (CW) have a vertical flow system and play the role of a secondary wastewater treatment, receiving water from the existing WWTP in Podgorica after the primary treatment. These vertical flow systems reflect experience with the use of similar systems in Slovenija, Austria and Italy. Measurements to date show that the substrate plays an important role and that wastewater treatment efficacy varies significantly with respect to the type of substrate when used under the conditions available in Montenegro.
文摘研究了叶黄素酯CWS(Cold Water Soluble)微囊粉的理化性质以及在不同环境下,包括光照、温度、pH和氧气对其稳定性的影响。实验研究结果表明,叶黄素酯CWS微囊粉表面含油率为0.84%,含水率为0.91%,堆密度为0.50g/cm3,色价为58.05,平均粒径为302.63nm,溶解速度为32s;通过实验比较光照、温度、pH和氧气对叶黄素酯CWS微囊粉和叶黄素酯晶体的稳定性影响,结果显示叶黄素酯经过微囊化处理后,理化性质得到改良。微囊化技术的使用可以明显提高叶黄素酯的光稳定性和热稳定性,并能降低pH和氧气对叶黄素酯含量的影响。同时为叶黄素酯开拓了更广泛的应用领域。
