Analyses and Prediction of the Suitable Culture Period of Laver along the Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

[ Objective] The study aimed to analyze and predict the suitable period of laver along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province. [ Method ] TO enhance the ability of meteorology to service laver culture, using the modern weather forecast technology, agricultural weather prediction was de- veloped according to the demands for meteorological conditions during laver production. [ Result] From south to north, there were certain differ- ences in the suitable periods of laver culture, breeding and harvesting, with slight variations. The forecast of the first and last days of certain water temperature could provide scientific references for the meteorological service of laver culture, and the service effect became better after it was modi- fied with the aid of the medium-term and long-term weather prediction. [ Conclusion] The research can offer theoretical bases for the culture of laver along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province.

Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages in Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a unique human landscape, form the unique structure characteristics and become China’s rural society’s important component. But in recent years, due to the urban renewal and the accelerating of the socialism new rural construction and the deterioration of the natural environment, traditional villages in Jiangsu coastal areas relying on the natural and cultural environment are experiencing an unprecedented test. In this paper, according to the investigation of the coastal areas of existing traditional village, after the comparative analysis, some basic spatial structure characteristics were summarized. It is expected to provide a reference for the planning, construction and management of villages.

Distribution of inorganic phosphate and dissolved oxygen and their relationship in the coastal upwelling area off Zhejiang

The change and distribution of inorganic phosphate and dissolved oxygen content in sea water pos-sess a certuin regularity and correlation, which are closely related to the direct influence of biologicalactivities. During the period of phytoplankton bloom, phosphate content may be exhausted and, at thesame time, oxygen content in sea water increases in the euphotic layer. With the decomposition of or-ganic matter, phosphate content increases and oxygen content decreases in the deeper layer. In addi-tion, the upwelling carries the "new" nutrients to the euphotic layer, which provides advantageous

Mesozoic Volcanic-Intrusive Complexes in the Coastal Area of Southeastern Zhejiang Province: Their Features, Petrogenesis and Distribution Pattern

On the basis of previous studies and by means of field geological, remote sensing, petrographical,mineralogical, petrochemical and geochemical investigations, the authors studied the temporal-spatial distribu-tion of the regional structures, volcanic structures and products of volcanic activity in the coastal area ofsoutheastern Zhejiang. On the basis and through a systematic comparison of the products of magmatism in thearea, it is considered that there exists a compsite volcanic structural belt composed of linear and circular struc-tures and it has been demonstrated that there exist volcanic intrusive complexes--'trinity' composed of vol-canic, subvolcanic and plutonic rocks. It is suggested that the volcanic intrusive complexes in the area belong tothe typical syntexis series and that its materials were derived from a mixed source of crust and mantle.

Phytoplanktonic biogeography in the subtropical coastal waters,East China Sea along intensive anthropogenic stresses: roles of environmental versus spatial factors

Understanding the relative roles of local environmental effects and spatial effects on phytoplankton community is of essential importance to study the biogeography of them at regional scale. However, the determinants that driving the biogeography of phytoplankton communities in the coastal area of northern Zhejiang still remained unclear. We surveyed phytoplankton community compositions in water columns associated with environmental and spatial influences across five subzones that geographically covering this region over four seasons. Diatoms and dinoflagellates were recorded as the main dominant groups and Coscinodiscus oculs-iridis, Coscinodiscus jonesianus, and Skeletonema costatum, were identified as the major abundant species existing in all seasons.Spatially structured environmental conditions, rather than pure spatial or environmental factors, substantially shaped the biogeography of phytoplankton community, with the former mainly comprised of water temperature,dissolved oxygen, phosphate, pH, and salinity, and the latter referring to a non-negligible factor. This study was the first integrated research that combining environmental filtering with spatial factors in structuring phytoplankton communities at a complete tempo-spatial scale. Our results may facilitate to the further study of harmful algal blooms early-warning in this region.

Propagation Mechanisms of Incident Tsunami Wave in Jiangsu Coastal Area,Caused by Eastern Japan Earthquake on March 11,2011

At 13：46 on March 11, 2011（Beijing time）, an earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred in Japan. By comparing the tsunami data from Guanhekou marine station with other tsunami wave observation gathered from southeast coastal area of China, it was evident that, only in Guanhekou, the position of the maximum wave height appeared in the middle part rather than in the front of the tsunami wave train. A numerical model of tsunami propagation based on 2-D nonlinear shallow water equations was built to study the impact range and main causes of the special tsunami waveform discovered in Jiangsu coastal area. The results showed that nearly three-quarters of the Jiangsu coastal area, mainly comprised the part north of the radial sand ridges, reached its maximum tsunami wave height in the middle part of the wave train. The main cause of the special waveform was the special underwater topography condition of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea area, which influenced the tsunami propagation and waveform significantly. Although land boundary reflection brought an effect on the position of the maximum wave height to a certain extent, as the limits of the incident waveform and distances between the observation points and shore, it was not the dominant influence factor of the special waveform. Coriolis force＇s impact on the tsunami waves was so weak that it was not the main cause for the special phenomenon in Jiangsu coastal area. The study reminds us that the most destructive wave might not appear in the first one in tsunami wave train.

Tidal analysis in the venturi-shaped area between Zhenhai and Shenjiamen in the East China Sea

In order to better understand the general tidal features in the venturi-shaped area between Zhenhai and Shenjiamen in the northern coastal region of Zhejiang Province in the East China Sea, the tidal data were obtained from both the three permanent tide stations of Zhenhai, Dinghai and Shenjiamen, and four temporary tide stations of Mamu, Chuanshan, Guoju and Liuheng, along with the current speed being observed at Luotou Waterway. Results from harmonic analysis show that: (1) The area was dominated by shallow water tides with irregular semi-diurnal features, and the smallest tidal range occurred in the area near a crossing line between Zhenhai and Dinghai stations, indicating that a tidal node existed in the southern Hangzhou Bay; (2) Formulae, HS2/HM2 >0.4 and gM2-(gK1+gO1)=270° (where H and g are harmonic constants), could be used as judging criteria for high and low tidal level diurnal inequalities; (3) The duration difference between ebb and flood tides could be roughly assessed by the ratio of HM4 vs. HM2; and the larger the ratio is, the bigger the duration difference is. At the same time, the duration period could be assessed by 2gM2-gM4, the epoch difference between M2 and M4 tidal constituents. If 2gM2-gM4 <180°, then the ebb duration is longer than the flood duration; if 180°< 2gM2-gM4 <360°, the result is reversed; (4) Taking Dinghai station as a center point, the highest tidal levels and the average high tidal levels, as well as the average tidal ranges at all stations became higher and larger both southeastwards and northwestwards, while the lowest tidal levels and the average low tidal levels appeared to be lower both southeastwards and northwestwards; and (5) The tidal patterns were not all in line with the tidal current patterns. As a conclusion, the smallest tidal range occurred in the narrow part of the venturi-shaped area. Along the both sides of the area, the highest tidal level and tidal range became higher and larger, while the lowest tidal level became lower with the increase of the distance from the narrow throat area. This is somehow different from the theory that the tidal level increases gradually when it moves towards the top narrow area of a V-shaped bay or estuary.

Sources of sediment in tidal flats off Zhejiang coast,southeast China

The growth of tidal flats off Zhejiang coasts in southwestern China has provided substantial areas for local agriculture and construction activities.To evaluate modern and future development of tidal flats in the region,a good understanding of sediment sources is necessary.Previous research has concluded that the Changjiang(Yangtze)River is the dominant supplier of sediments to this part of the southeast Chinese coast,despite the fact that sediment delivery from this source has been decreased markedly in the past two decades.In this study,we investigated the sources of tidal flat sediments,and the magnetic and geochemical properties of recent tidal flat sediments along the Zhejiang coast were compared with those discharged from rivers.Magnetic and geochemical properties of the tidal flat samples reveal statistically distinct sediment provenance groups.The magnetic and geochemical scatter plots show that the suspended sediment samples are naturally divided into two different groups,one including the Changjiang River and Qiantang River material,and the other including the Jiaojiang,Oujiang,and Feiyun Rivers that located in the central and southern parts of the study areas.At last,a binary source of tidal flat sediments along the Zhejiang coast was determined,with the substantial majority originating from local rivers,while a much smaller proportion emanates from the Changjiang River to the north.We conclude that the sediment contribution of the Changjiang River to tidal flat development in the region has been markedly overestimated,with important implications for management.

1300—2019年江苏沿海风暴潮灾害时空分布特征

历史上江苏沿海曾频发2类风暴潮灾害,给当地带来了巨大损失。建立该地区长时间尺度的风暴潮灾害序列对了解过去与预测未来意义重大。以历史文献、地方志、海洋灾害公报等记载的风暴潮资料为基础,建立了风暴潮灾害识别体系,重建了1300—2019年江苏沿海风暴潮灾害序列,分析了风暴潮灾害时空变化规律,探究了其与气候异常和黄河、长江入海口变迁之间的关系。结果表明:江苏沿海地区主要受台风风暴潮灾害的影响,1300—2019年间共发生246次风暴潮灾害,平均周期为2.9年,且近100年来发生频率有增大的趋势;小波分析结果显示,风暴潮灾害年际变化存在17年、61年和115年的时间尺度周期,其中115年周期最为明显。海气相互作用影响下,厄尔尼诺活跃年江苏沿海台风风暴潮灾害偏少;气温与台风风暴潮灾害频次有一定的正相关性,但其影响机制尚不明确。盐城、南通和苏州为风暴潮灾害高发地区,常州和无锡发生频率较小。在气候变暖与江苏海岸冲淤变化的作用下,1855年后盐城和南通地区风暴潮灾害发生频率增加,连云港地区明显增加;随着海岸线的变迁与长江河口的演变,镇江、扬州、泰州与苏锡常地区受风暴潮灾害影响减少。

浙闽海域冬季悬沙锋的次中尺度现象

次中尺度运动是海洋中重要的动力过程,但是目前对浙闽海域悬沙锋的次中尺度现象及其动力特征的关注较少。本文基于高时空分辨率的GOCI卫星遥感影像、实测表层悬沙浓度数据以及海表涡流数据等,研究了悬沙锋时空分布特征及其次中尺度过程。研究结果表明,浙闽近岸的悬沙锋在冬季普遍发育,主要分布在浙闽海域20~25m等深线附近,但在浙江北部约29°N海域和台湾岛北部26~27°N海域锋面向海突出,指示了近海高浓度悬浮泥沙的向海输运;浙闽悬沙锋次中尺度现象显著,多表现相对涡度的气旋性涡旋;悬沙锋位置逐步向南移动,主要与冬季偏北风产生的西南向沿岸流有关;冬季大风事件有利于锋面次中尺度过程发育。

浙江沿海地区台风灾害风险区域划分研究

浙江是我国重要沿海省份,为减少台风灾害引起的损失,对电力系统的风险区域划分尤为重要。首先从登陆点分布、路径特征、时间特征、风速特征及降水特征等方面,利用历史数据总结分析浙江沿海地区台风气象特征。其次,对浙江电力系统进行台风灾害特征分析,得到输电系统故障点分布、变电系统与台风登陆点距离关系、配电系统停电用户占比分布等。最后,采用浙江台风气象及电力系统历史数据绘制台风灾害风险区域图,特别是对倒塔高风险区、风偏高风险区及地质灾害高风险区进行了详细划分。分析结果可为各级电网应对台风灾害的风险评估与处置提供支持。

浙东沿海典型沉积盆地CO_(2)地质封存潜力与试点意义分析——以长河盆地为例

碳捕集利用和封存(CCUS)技术是实现全球碳中和不可或缺的技术,开展CO_(2)地质封存(CCS)工作有助于实现碳中和的目标。中国东部沿海发达城市分布众多发电厂、炼化厂等CO_(2)大排放源,对CO_(2)封存需求较高。为缓解地区CO_(2)排放压力,挖掘东部沿海地区周围具有封存潜力的中小型沉积盆地,在搜集区域地质资料的基础上,选取浙江省杭州湾南岸的长河盆地作为研究对象,计算盆地封存潜力,并分析中小盆地封存试点意义。根据沉积盆地CO_(2)地质储存潜力评价方法,计算盆地咸水层CO_(2)地质封存潜力,评价结果表明,长河盆地具有较好的咸水层CO_(2)地质封存潜力。盆地最具封存潜力的是古近系长河组二段(Ech^(2))中的第一砂岩层和长河组一段(Ech^(1))中的砂砾岩层,预期理论封存量为4.84亿t,有效封存量可以达到1 162.61万t。研究结果表明,开展中小沉积盆地CO_(2)地质封存工程试点,可在一定程度上缓解沿海地区和企业碳排放压力,为海域碳封存积累技术和经验。

近50年浙江沿海地区降水变化特征分析

基于1971—2020年浙江沿海地区38个气象站点的逐日降水资料,运用线性倾向估计、滑动平均、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,对该地区近50年的降水变化特征进行了系统分析.结果表明:浙江沿海地区的降水量、极端降水强度及极端降水天数均呈现上升趋势;北部、中部沿海地区的降水量的年代际变化特征均呈现“少→多→少→多”的变化过程,而南部沿海地区则呈现“少→多”的变化过程;突变性检验的地区差异明显,北部沿海地区年降水量的突变现象出现在2013年,中部沿海地区出现在1973年和2012年,而南部沿海地区在20世纪70—80年代存在多个突变点;研究区的极端降水格局主要受热带气旋等因素的影响.该结果可以为浙江沿海地区的防灾减灾、海岸资源管理等提供科学依据和决策参考.

不同边界层方案对一次浙江海雾数值模拟的敏感性研究

通过欧州中期天气预报中心大气再分析资料ERA5资料驱动WRF模式,对2019年6月4—6日发生于浙江沿海的一次平流雾过程开展模拟实验,并利用浙江省气象自动站逐小时气象观测数据检验4种边界层参数化方案(YSU、QNSE、ACM2、MYJ)的模拟能力。结果表明:从对地面气象要素的检验来看,各边界层方案整体对气温和相对湿度的模拟效果较好,但对风速的模拟均较观测结果存在一定的高估,其中ACM2与YSU方案对相对湿度和风速的预报效果总体好于QNSE与MYJ方案,且ACM2方案在相对湿度的预报平稳度以及误差检验上要优于YSU方案。ACM2方案可以较好地再现此次过程海雾的生消演变及雾区分布;YSU方案预报的雾区范围偏大,存在一定空报;而QNSE与MYJ方案则对海-陆雾区分布的把控能力有限。边界层高度直接反映湍流运动的强度,继而影响海雾的生消与发展。局地闭合模型QNSE与MYJ相较于非局地闭合模型YSU和ACM2对沿海地区的湍流混合强度估计不足,造成了对沿海雾区的一定漏报。

浙江沿海基于浮标的有效波高分析和数值预报订正

基于2010年10月―2022年12月浙江沿海5个浮标站观测资料和2020—2022年欧洲中期天气预报中心细网格模式海浪和海面10 m风预报资料,对浮标站的风、浪相关性进行分析,对有效波高预报进行评估和订正方法研究。0~240 h预报偏差和均方根误差表明:模式对远岸浮标的预报比实况稍偏大,对近岸浮标预报则略偏小,预报不稳定性随预报时效的延长而增大。远离海岸的浮标站24 h预报与实况的相关性高于近岸站,两者的相关系数分别约为0.94和0.85。有效波高预报存在一定系统偏差,且是预报误差的主要来源。近岸浮标有效波高预报值小于观测值,远岸浮标的预报值偏差则随着有效波高的增大由正转负,负偏差的绝对值逐渐增大。对于远岸浮标,仅针对有效波高进行预报和实况的一元一次回归就有很好的订正效果,但近岸浮标受地形影响大,海浪预报的误差更大,同时引入有效波高和10 m风速作为预报因子,进行二元一次回归的订正效果更好。订正方程应用到同类型的周边海区浮标站仍然有很好的订正效果,可推广到浙江沿海同类型海区。

基于深度学习的大尺度文化景观识别——以江苏沿海地区为例

近年来,国家日益重视对区域性、大尺度文化景观遗产的整体性保护。然而,由于此类遗产具有分布广泛、面积庞大、形态分散的特点,传统的调查分析方法难以对其进行快速、准确的识别,导致相关研究仍属空白领域。本研究以江苏沿海地区为研究区域,尝试利用深度学习技术中改进的DeepLabV3+卷积神经网络对其大尺度文化景观进行识别和挖掘,旨在通过构建学习模型,实现相对准确的大尺度文化景观识别路径。通过这一尝试,期望能够更为深入地挖掘承载丰富价值的大尺度文化景观资源,为大尺度文化景观的研究提供新的分析视角和方法,保护好、传承好、利用好丰富多彩的中华文化遗产。

江苏沿海波浪能资源评估研究

随着“3060”目标的提出,波浪能作为一种可持续发展的清洁能源,愈发受到重视。基于此,本文搭建江苏海域的波浪模式,以江苏沿海2021年至2023年的波浪能资源为分析对象,对江苏沿海波浪能流密度空间分布、有效波时和季节变化指数等方面开展初步研究。结果表明:江苏沿海年平均波浪能流密度介于0~11 kW/m,有效波时介于0~6000 h,长江口外深远海波浪能流密度和有效波时相对较大,海州湾内波浪能流密度和有效波时相对较小。越靠外海,波浪能流密度和有效波时越大;纬度越低,波浪能流密度和有效波时向外海增加越明显。江苏沿海区域季节变化指数集中于0.3~1.0,海州湾南侧至洋口港北侧近海区域以及长江口外深远海区域季节变化指数相对较大。该研究结果可为江苏等沿海波浪能资源的开发利用、波能电站的开发选址等方面提供参考。

浙江近岸海域溶解氧的时空分布特征

溶解氧是海洋生态系统中重要的生源要素,其含量及分布变化直接或间接影响海洋生命活动。文章以2014—2018年浙江近岸海域海水监测数据为基础,系统分析溶解氧及其饱和度的时空变化特征,并对该海域内低氧现象作了初步探讨。结果表明,浙江近岸海域溶解氧及其饱和度时空变化特征明显。空间跨度分析显示,溶解氧及其饱和度平面分布为不同季节呈现不同的分布特征,垂直分布为表层高于底层,表底层差异在春夏季较大、秋冬季较小,主要与表层光合作用和季节性温盐跃层有关。时间跨度分析显示,表层溶解氧含量最高出现在冬季,最低出现在夏季,主要是受水温和表层光合作用的影响;夏季表层溶解氧含量最高出现在2018年,最低出现在2015年,这可能主要是受海表温度的影响。此外,研究发现近岸海域外侧少量区域出现低氧现象,其潜在风险正在进一步跟踪监测中。

“一带一路”背景下高职教育校政企合作的审视与反思——以江苏沿海高职教育为例

“一带一路”倡议促进了经济迅速发展,也为高等职业教育的更好更快发展提供了新契机。以江苏沿海地区高职教育在“一带一路”建设中通过校政企合作进行人才培养的探索与实践为例,对三方合作中如何发挥政府的主导作用以及学校、企业的“双主体”作用进行了再思考,认为“一带一路”建设中,江苏沿海地区高职教育的高质量发展,要在转变政府、学校和企业思想认识的基础上,积极推进校政企合作,并在此过程中强化政府的主导责任,发挥学校和企业在育人中的“双主体”作用,共同打造“政府牵头、企业搭台、学校唱戏”的合作格局,在互利互补、合力并进、无缝衔接、合作共赢的基础上,为“一带一路”倡议贡献智慧和力量。

浙江沿海台风浪模式的参数适应性研究

基于第三代近岸海浪模型(Simulating Waves Nearshore,SWAN)和敏感性分析提出了适用于浙江沿海台风浪模拟的参数方案。选取近10 a影响浙江海域的37个台风进行数值模拟和误差分析,验证该参数方案下模型对不同强度和路径台风的适应性。结果表明,优选参数方案对各类型台风浪的模拟效果良好,平均相对误差小于31%,对强台风型台风浪的模拟效果明显优于超强台风和台风,平均相对误差小于25%;对西北向型台风浪的模拟效果最好,平均相对误差小于30%。