Knowledge and Opportunities from the Plastisphere:A Prelude for the Search of Plastic Degrading Bacteria on Coastal Environments

Plastic pollution has become an urgent issue,since its invasion to everyecosystem has led to multiple impacts on the environment and human pop-ulations.Certain microbial strains and genera had shown the ability to bio-degrade plastic sources under laboratory conditions.In this minireview,wecallect and analyze scientific papers and reports of this microbial activity aswe contextualize this information on the global plastic pollution problem,toprovide an updated state of the art of plastiq/biodegradation with microbialagents.Along with a broad understanding of the general process of plasticbiadegraclation hosted by micrnarganisms.The contributions of this mini-revicw came from the identification of rescarch gaps,as well as proposalsfor new approaches.One of the main proposals focuses on coastal environ-nents and in particular coastal wetlands as a great microbiome source withpatential for plastic biodegradation,whether reported or undiscovered.Ourfinal proposal consists of the application of this knowledge into technologictools and strategies that have a remarkable impact on the battle against theplastic pollution problem.

Temporal Variations of the Chemical Composition of Three Seaweeds in Two Tropical Coastal Environments

The seaweeds Chaetomorpha antennina, Gymnogongrus griffithsiae and Ulva fasciata were studied regarding tissue concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total protein, hydrosoluble protein, total carbohydrate, chlorophyll a and total carotenoid throughout a 39-month survey in two coastal environments of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. One of the sites (Itapuca Stone) has high concentrations of dissolved nutrients and an intense long-term process of cultural eutrophication;the second site (Bananal Inlet) is thought to have lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients and no relevant anthropic impact. Seaweeds experienced changes in the concentrations of the substances in the thalli;however they did not show any cyclic seasonal pattern, except for pigments, with lower values in summer in both sites. The differences found for each species in each sampling at the sites were small (e.g. U. fasciata, more total nitrogen at Itapuca Stone) or absent (e.g. C. antennina, no significant differences for hydrosoluble protein in the sites). Differences in the concentrations of dissolved nutrients in the sites did not generate contrasting chemical profiles in the seaweeds. There is no evidence of nitrogen- or phosphorus-limitation in any season. It is presumable that the concentrations of dissolved nutrients at the nutrient-poorer site are sufficient to generate high concentrations of the substances in the thalli of the species tested, similar to the concentrations measured in the eutrophic site. Experimental data are needed to elucidate the factors that promote the success of the species tested under contrasting nutrient availability and environmental disturbance.

The depletion of coastal environmental resources by human activities and its monetary evaluation

The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for someyears. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.

Assessment of coastal vulnerability to environmental change in Jiangsu coastal plain

Assessment of coastal vulnerability to future environmental change has been emphasized in coastal nations or regions. The Jiangsu coastal plain, located to the north of the Yangtze River Delta in China, is most vulnerable to sea level rise and exacerbating coastal hazards. This paper develops the method of delimiting vulnerable scope and assessing coastal vulnerability through field observations and sampling and by applying remote sensing and GIS, which are suitable for great river delta and coastal plains with large area, relative complex micro-geomorphology and the protection of seawall. Applying this method, the coastal vulnerability of the Jiangsu coastal plain to relative sea level rise (approximately 50 cm up to the year 2050) and exacerbating storm surges have been assessed. The results show that, up to the year 2050, the Jiangsu coastal plain will probably lose 12.8 % of tidal flats (about 5.8x104 hm2) and 7.9 % of cultivated land (about 7.2x104 hm2). Meanwhile, 2.0 % of population, 3.8 % of original value of fixed assets, 3.2% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 40.3 % of salt industry and 5.8 % of aquiculture respectively will be affected due to coastal environmental change.

Concentration of Heavy Metals in Sediment and Seagrasses Tissue of the Red Sea Coastal Water of the Sudan

The study investigated the concentration of Lead, Cadmium, Nickels and Chromium in sediment and seagrass tissues at six selected sites along the Sudanese Red Sea coast. The findings of the study added some important and necessary information about the status and condition of the coastal environment in the Sudanese Red Sea coast in terms of the extent of pollution with heavy metals. The study sites included: Marsa Bashayer, Marsa Dama Dama, Green Area, Shipyard, Marsa Halout and Dungonab Bay. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to measure Lead, Cadmium and Nickels. The colorimetric detection method was used for Chromium using the Spectrophotometer. Marsa Dama Dama site revealed high levels concentration of heavy metals in sediment for Lead (60.5) μg/g, Cadmium (0.22) μg/g and Chromium (146.65) μg/g. Marsa Halout showed the highest mean concentration of Nickel in sediment at 14 μg/g. The variation of concentration of metals in sediment between the sites was not significant. The mean concentration of metals in seagrass species tissues ranged from 3.9 to 26.25 μg/g for Lead, 0.1 to 0.90 μg/g for Cadmium, 0.38 to 5.96 μg/g for Nickel and 0.15 to 0.495 μg/g for Chromium. The differences of concentration of heavy metals in seagrass tissues among the sites were significant for Lead and not significant for Cadmium;Nickel and Chromium.

Chronology of coastal aeolian deposition and its paleo-environmental implications on the Liuao Peninsula of South China

Coastal dunes are a common geomorphic type in sandy coastal zones.They are a record of the coupled evolutionary processes of the wind and ocean waves.Many coastal dune fields have developed on the east coast of Fujian China and now occur as widespread typical coastal aeolian sand landforms on the Liuao Peninsula,Gulei Peninsula and Dongshan Island,but it is difficult to evaluate the dynamic geomorphologic process of sandy coast due to the lack of systematic and accurate chronological data.In this study,we selected the Hutoushan(HTS)aeolian dune on the Liuao Peninsula as the research object.Optical dating and grain-size analysis were applied to sand samples from the aeolian sequence of a profile of the HTS dune.The results show that the ages of seven samples of this profile were in the range of 37.8–0.19 ka from 4.0 to 0.2 m deep.These correspond to the Marine Isotope Stage 3(MIS3),abrupt climatic change events of 4.2 and 1.1 ka and the Little Ice Age(LIA),respectively.These samples displayed evidence of a longer-term climate trend in this area.The period of formation of this coastal aeolian dune corresponds to a cold and arid climate associated with the East Asia Winter Monsoon(EAWM).Periods of dune fixation and rubification are evidence of a hot and humid climate.Mobilization and stabilization of the aeolian dune is an important characteristic of the coastal evolution in South China since the late Pleistocene.

Drivers of Change in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Environments: An Overview

Anthropogenic climate and non-climate drivers of change are causing significant impacts on estuarine and coastal marine environments. Climate change poses a particular threat to the structure and function of biotic communities in these environments because it acts on the most extensive temporal and spatial scales relative to other anthropogenic drivers of change. The interaction of multiple environmental drivers exacerbates degradation of ecosystem condition. Estuaries are most susceptible to climate-change mediated biotic shifts and direct anthropogenic impacts due to burgeoning human population growth and development in coastal watersheds. Multiple anthropogenic drivers of change, which often interact synergistically, alter physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Ecological responses may be increasingly nonlinear, with cumulative effects manifested by marked changes in organism abundance, distribution, diversity, and productivity. Detrimental biotic effects in impacted coastal environments cascade up from individual organisms to population and community levels, culminating in ecosystem-level changes including reduced services. Multiple drivers of change and their impacts are increasing in estuarine and coastal marine environments with greater anthropogenic forcing in the coastal zone and global effects of climate change, creating greater challenges for environmental management and conservation programs.

Research on GIS-Based Environmental Management Information System of Coastal Zone

Owing to the exploitation of ocean resources and the change of coastal industry base construction, plenty of pollutants discharged had lead to the serious environmental pollution of coastal zone and the destroy of local ecological balance that threaten the existent environmental safety of local inhabitants and marine biology of coastal zone.So,environmental safety problems of coastal zone are concerned by

RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES IN CHINAS COASTAL AREAS

Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2-3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21st century. It will result in a series of adverse impacts on evolution of natural environment and socioeconomic development of the coastal area. This paper analyses environmental and resource effects induced by relative sea level rise in China's coastal areas on the basis of rough estimate of future relative sea level rise. These effects include inundating tidal flat and wetlands and increase in inundated risk of coastal habitable land,exacerbating storm surge. coastal erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion hazards.as well as endangering land. water. tourism and living resources and their utilization.

Impact of Sand Mining and Sea Reclamation on the Environment and Socioeconomic Activities of Ikate and Ilubirin Coastal Low Income Communities in Lagos Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria

Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. Results of water revealed concentrations lower than WHO (2017) and SON (2007) standards. Soil/sediment with average crustal value revealed Pb and Cd above standard values, which is attributed to anthropogenic influence on soils. Quality of air in the study was mainly particulate matter arising from the sea and reclaimed land in the surroundings of the environment with the highest Total Suspended Particulate of 0.8 mg/m3 in sulfur dioxide. This explains corrosion found on the roofs of the communities. Therefore, in the development planning adequate precautions should be put in place to avert environmental degradation.

Environmental problems in coastal zone of Chin──sea-level rise and groundwater table decline

This paper concerns two important environmental problems in China's coastal zone, i.e.,Sea Level Rise (SLR) and Groundwater Table Decline, as the response to climatic chanes/globalwarming due to greenhouse effect. on the basis of possible twacts of these two problems on theregional natural, environmental and social systems, some response strategies were advised.

Management Strategies to Mitigate Anthropogenic Impacts in Estuarine and Coastal Marine Environments: A Review

A wide range of anthropogenic activities impacts estuarine and coastal marine environments including interactive climate and non-climatic drivers of change that can significantly degrade biotic communities and habitats. Many of these environments are in decline due to changes in ecosystem structure and function resulting from multiple stressor effects. In addition, inadequate governance has supported a patchwork of single issues or sectoral approaches rather than integrated management of multiple human uses and activities to maintain healthy, productive, resilient, and sustainable ecosystems and the provision of goods and services. Ecosystem-based marine spatial planning is a viable framework for a more effective governance structure and management of these vital coastal environments. An important component of this approach is a holistic effort to assess the environmental, economic, and societal impacts of anthropogenic activities. Thus, a multidisciplinary integrated approach is preferred that links ecological, physical, and socio-economic systems, increasing the protection of resources and societal benefits. For degraded estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems, restoration and rehabilitation initiatives are important intervention strategies used to reverse the loss of habitats and biotic resources and to support management programs. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an integral element of marine management plans to conserve and sustain estuarine and coastal marine environments by protecting threatened ecosystems and their resources from anthropogenic activities. National and international regulatory frameworks and directives are also in place to protect and conserve these environments.

Economic development and its impact on the environment in east coastal zone of China

This paper discusses briefly the elementary characteristics of the east China economic developing zone, and analyses the condition of urban atmospheric pollution, water pollution and ecological damage in this zone at present. It was brought forward that we must pay great attention to the environmental factors, and make the environmental impact assessment and environmental planning in the process of economic development in this zone.

The Stability Evaluation and Prospects about Environment Engineering Geologicalin Coastal Zone

The problems of environmental engineering geological in coastal zone mainly include earthquakes, collapse and landslide, etc. We selected eight major evaluation indexes from the influence factors of problems of environmental engineering geological in coastal zone, that is active fault, seismic activity and hydrological conditions, etc. Through the index of quantitative grading, constructing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model,evaluation of environmental engineering geological stability in coastal zone, supplying a scientific method and gist for the more reasonable and effective development and utilization of coastal zone.

破解海岸带环境司法困境:基于陆海统筹原则

我国海岸带环境案件存在管辖权冲突、法律适用有争议、原告资格不明确、诉讼性质认定有争鸣、诉讼程序衔接未确定、司法执行机制不完善等环环相扣的问题,造成海岸带环境司法困境。究其根源,主要在于陆海“二分法”的分类思维影响较大,其与陆海统筹合为表里的内涵尚未得到全面、深入的理解。为破解海岸带环境司法困境,既要重视海岸带环境案件的特殊性,将其确立为类型化案件并由海事法院专门管辖,又要贯彻陆海统筹原则,实现司法规则内在融贯、法治环节协调一致。

2021年6月和9月唐山近岸海域浮游植物群落结构特征及影响因素

依据2021年6月和9月唐山近岸海域的生态现状调查数据,分析该海域浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示:2021年6月和9月共检出浮游植物3门39属79种;6月有4种优势种,以硅藻-甲藻混合占优;9月有5种优势种,均为硅藻;2个月无共有优势种。6月浮游植物丰度平均值为7.48×10^(4)个·m^(-3),9月为316.99×10^(4)个·m^(-3),浮游植物丰度的空间分布整体均表现出近岸高远岸低的分布趋势。聚类分析和多维尺度分析表明,2021年6月和9月唐山近岸海域浮游植物群落结构显著不同,物种演替明显,且6月浮游植物群落结构的差异性大于9月。冗余分析(RDA)显示,造成调查海域浮游植物群落结构6月和9月间存在显著差异的主要影响因素为盐度、温度、活性磷酸盐和悬浮物。6月海水环境特征为低温高盐水,磷酸盐质量浓度较低,而悬浮物质量浓度较高;9月海水环境特征为高温低盐水,活性磷酸盐较充足,悬浮物质量浓度较低。

论我国海岸带环境保护法律制度之完善

为完善我国海岸带环境保护相关法律制度,本文通过文献分析、实践调研等方法分析现行相关法律制度。存在的主要问题有:海岸带环境保护体系不健全、陆海环境治理衔接联动机制缺失、环境保护信息公开和共享制度比较薄弱、生态环境修复法律制度不完善。通过对现行法律制度缺陷的分析,提出相应的立法建议:制定海岸带环境保护单行法典、完善陆海统筹环境治理制度、健全海岸带环境保护信息公开和共享制度、完善海岸带生态环境修复制度。

陆海统筹下海岸带生态环境修复法律制度研究

近些年,中国各沿海地区在海岸带生态环境保护和修复方面开展了一些实践,陆续出台了相关的政策文件,但中国海岸带生态环境修复的结果仍不理想。文章主要以陆海统筹为研究背景,全面分析海岸带生态环境修复存在的问题与发展趋势,梳理中国现行政策与制度存在的修复立法尚不健全、环境主体范围较窄、修复标准不明确等问题。从而根据中国海岸带生态环境发展现状,提出有利于海岸带环境修复的意见和建议。

基于双浮标连续监测资料分析大亚湾西南部海域水体环境变化特征及其影响因素

水质环境监测对了解海洋生态系统变化至关重要。本文利用2022—2023年期间位于大亚湾西南部海域的2个浮标的连续监测数据,分析了水质环境的时间序列变化。结果表明,大亚湾西南部海域的温度、盐度可能受太阳辐射与降水的影响,具有明显的季节性差异,即夏季温度高、盐度低,冬季温度低、盐度较高;而Chl a具有明显的昼夜节律,溶解氧和pH存在相似的日变化模式。在夏、秋季,大鹏澳较杨梅坑海域呈现出高温、低盐、低溶解氧、低pH和高Chl a的特点。Pearson相关性分析表明,夏、秋季的温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH和Chl a之间存在显著的相关性,且存在区域差异,湾口附近,海浪、上升流等水体运动可能是主要影响因素;近岸,径流输入可能是导致水质环境变化的主导因素。此外,本文还记录了远距离台风引起的海浪及降水事件,继而对大亚湾海域环境造成影响。解析沿海环境参数时间序列的变化特征,对海洋生态系统的演变特征研究具有重要指示作用。

气候变化对中国近海中上层小型鱼类影响的研究进展

近年来气候变化持续影响海洋环境,同时也影响着海洋鱼类的群落变化和生态系统的稳定。中上层小型鱼类对气候变化较为敏感,其在我国海洋渔业中逐渐占据重要地位。近年来,虽有大量的研究探究了气候变化对鱼类的影响,但是气候变化对中上层小型鱼类全面系统的研究相对较少。鉴于上述原因,本文根据国内外的相关研究成果,综述了由气候变化引起的海水表面温度、盐度、酸碱度、溶解氧含量、叶绿素a浓度、海平面上升以及海流和极端事件频发等海洋环境因子变化对海洋中上层小型鱼类的影响,这种影响主要体现在个体发育、栖息地、洄游模式、群落结构及其资源丰度等方面。气候变化下中上层小型鱼类的分布区通常向高纬度或深海区转移,从而导致群落结构改变,对渔业资源造成影响。本文通过探讨气候变化对海洋渔业的影响,旨在从中探寻应对气候变化的有效对策,从而为海洋渔业在气候变化的背景下实现可持续发展提供理论依据。