Preparation of Tartary Buckwheat Seed Coating Agent and Its Effect on Germination

To mitigate the wastage of seed resources and reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers, seed coating agentshave gained popularity. This study employs single-factor and multi-index orthogonal experimental design methodsto investigate the seed coating formula and physical properties of Tartary buckwheat. The specific effects ofeach component on Tartary buckwheat seed germination are analyzed. The findings reveal that the seed coatingagent formulated with 1.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.15% sodium alginate, 0.2% op-10, 0.1% polyacrylamide, 8% colorant,3% ammonium sulfate, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.15% carbendazim exhibits the mosteffective coating. It demonstrates optimal physical properties and promotes seed germination efficiently. The suspensionrate of this seed coating agent reaches 91.12%, with a mere 2.13% coating shedding rate and 2.5% coatingseed rot rate. Furthermore, it achieves a germination percentage of 99.17%, which is 20.84% higher than the lowestgroup. The germination potential and index are also significantly higher than the lowest group, with anincrease of 20.84% and 26.56%, respectively. Additionally, the vitality index is 553.08, a 15.75% increase comparedto the lowest group. The application of seed coating agents helps reduce seed resource loss, increase plant numbers,and ultimately enhance agricultural yields. This finding holds practical significance in agriculturalproduction.

Effects of Different Seed Coating Agents on the Quality of"Grey-matter"Hybrid Rice Seeds

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.

Effect of Trace Elements in Seed Coating Agent on Peanut Growth

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of trace elements in peanut seed coating agent. [Method] Different concentrations of trace elements Fe and B were added into peanut coating agent, then the germination rate and plant height of the seeds treated by different agents were measured to decide the best formula. [Result] The germination rate and plant height of the seeds treated with seed coating agent was obviously increased. Adding trace elements Fe and B could increase the peanut yield, and 1.5% Fe and 1% B gave the best result. [Conclusion] This study will provide reference for modifying the seed coating agent formula.

Preparation of a Novel Highly Effective and Environmental Friendly Wheat Seed Coating Agent

A novel environmental friendly wheat seed coating agent was prepared from the natural polymer,biological pesticide,microfertilizer,microelements and other additives.The laboratory and field test results showed that it could enhance the yield up to 16% and reduce its input cost to 1/6 as compared with the conventional wheat seed coating agent.It is safe without causing any pollution and would have significant economic and environmental benefits.

Effect and Mechanism of Cold Tolerant Seed-Coating Agents on the Cold Tolerance of Early Indica Rice Seedlings

To better understand the effect and mechanism of cold tolerant seed-coating agents on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings, the physiological and biochemical effects of four cold tolerant seed-coating agents （HET, YKJ, YKZYJ, and the ABA seed coating agents） on two early indica rice varieties were studied under chilling stress. The results showed that the rice seedlings treated with cold tolerant seed-coating agents under chilling stress maintained dramatically higher root vigor, POD, CAT and SOD activities, and chlorophyll content, had lower MDA content and electrolyte leakage, and accumulated more soluble sugar and free proline, when compared with the control without the treatment, and finally showed lower plant injury rate. It was indicated that the cold tolerant seed coating agent improved the ability of rice seedlings in resisting to chilling stress. YKZYJ was ranked the first in terms of the efficiency in cold tolerance among the four cold tolerant seed-coating agents tested.

Physicochemical Property Testing of a Novel Maize Seed Coating Agent and Its Antibacterial Mechanism Research

We used the no pollution natural polymer polysaccharide chitosan as the main raw material, which is supplemented by other additives, to prepare a high-efficiency environmental friendly maize seed coating agent. By detecting the seed quality, maize seedling indexes, which include root activity, chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and through the results we found that this seed coating agent could improve the photosynthetic capacity and enhance seedling resistance. Laboratory bacteriostasis test and study showed that the antibacterial rate of this seed coating agent has reached more than 88%. Meanwhile, we analyzed and studied the antimicrobial mechanism of the seed coating agent.

Influence of Different Chelating Agents on Corrosion Performance of Microstructured Hydroxyapatite Coatings on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

To improve the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of AZ91 D magnesium alloy,hydroxyapatite（HAp） coatings with novel microstructured morphologies were prepared successfully on AZ91 D substrates via a facile hydrothermal method.Different chelating agents including polyaspartic acid（PASP） and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid（EDTA） were introduced to investigate their effects on the morphology and corrosion resistance of the coated magnesium alloys.The results revealed that the coating prepared with PASP was composed of many uniform urchin-like microspheres,while the coating prepared with EDTA consisted of many flower-like particles.Moreover,the crystallinity of the coating prepared with EDTA was much higher than that of the coating prepared with PASP.Electrochemical tests revealed that the corrosion resistance of the substrate was significantly improved after being coated with each coating.Immersion test of the coated samples in simulated body fluid（SBF） demonstrated that the coatings could be biodegraded gradually and induce the formation of calcium phosphate particles.

Preparation of a Novel Environmental Soybean Seed Coating Agent

In the study, a novel environmental soybean seed coating agent was made of natural polymer, trace elements, trace fertilizer and biopesticides etc., with the condition of high performance-to-price ratio and environmental friendliness. Effects of this soybean seed coating agent on soybean yield were tested through the laboratory and farm experiments. The tested results showed that the soybean yield using this seed coating agent was increased by 15.46%, and its cost was decreased by 27.8%, compared with the conventional soybean seed coating agent. It’s nontoxic and harmless to human and animals, more friendly to the environment. So it has obvious economic and environmental benefits.

Study on a new nano-dispersing agent and its effect for increasing suspension ability of alcohol-based coatings

A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should be used in combination with organic auxiliary agent which significantly increases the suspension effect of alcohol-based coatings. By the methods, the suspension rates of 99%, 98%, 96% and 94% can be achieved at 2h, 2h, 48h and 72h, respectively. These alcohol-based coatings have characters of higher strength, lower gas evolution, better brush ability and no blister after ignition.

THE ROLE OF RARE EARTH CHLORIDES IN THE PACK-TiC COATING AGENT

If 1% rare earth chloride is added to the coating agent containing 5% AlCl_3,the coating efficiency of TiC will be increased greatly.A protective crust consisting of Al_2(SiO_3)_3 and SiO_2 will form on top of the coating agent in the temperature range of 850～1000℃ when SiO_2 powder of a thickness of 5～10 mm is spread on top of it.The protective crust can offer a good air-proof property and increase the denseness of the coating structure.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THERMOSETTING ACRYLIC COATINGS USING TITANIUM-OXO-CLUSTER AS A CURING AGENT

Thermosetting acrylic coatings were prepared by using carboxyl acid group-containing acrylic oligomer and curing with titanium-oxo-clusters which were first pre-hydrolyzed from titanium n-butoxide.The curing ability of the titanium-oxo-cluster was examined using a microdielectric analytical(DEA)curing monitor,Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and Soxhlet extraction experiments,and the properties of the resulted coatings were investigated with pendulum hardness tester,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer.The effect of titania-oxo-cluster in leading acrylic oligomers to form thermosetting acrylic coatings was confirmed.An increasing pendulum hardness and modulus of acrylic coatings with increasing titania content was observed, which resulted from the increment of crosslinking degree rather than of the titania content.The thermosetting acrylic/titania coatings also showed better thermal stability and higher UV-blocking properties than those coatings using organic curing agent.

Activity test and mechanism study of an environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent

This novel environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent which has been made with natural polymer as the primary material could increase yield by about 9% compared with the conventionally virulent wheat seed coating agent. In the premise of this production, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD) was determined. The results show that, after treated by the self-made wheat seed coating agent, the contents of the MDA were less than traditional group and the blank control group and POD contents were higher than traditional group and blank control group, this provides a good foundation on the further research of self-control wheat seed coating agent.

微生物种衣剂的研制及其对玉米茎腐病的防效评价

本研究通过平板对峙、种子发芽性状和室内盆栽试验,筛选对玉米茎腐病防效优良的木霉菌株,通过助剂理化性质测定、生物相容性分析及正交试验,明确助剂种类、用量和最佳组合,研制生物种衣剂,并进行玉米茎腐病防效验证。结果表明:从实验室保存的109株木霉中,筛选到17株木霉对禾谷镰孢具有较好拮抗活性,抑制率均>70%,6株木霉菌株对苗期茎腐病的防治效果最佳,防效80.33%~85.64%。分别以筛选的棘孢木霉Tr34和非洲哈茨木霉Tr35为活性成分,10^(6)厚垣孢子数/mL,辅以黄原胶0.2%,木质素磺酸钠2%,北农成膜剂1,5%,100 mg/mL链霉素1%,制备100万孢子/mL棘孢木霉生物种衣剂(简称Tr34生物种衣剂)和100万孢子/mL非洲哈茨木霉生物种衣剂(简称Tr35生物种衣剂)。两种生物种衣剂药种质量比例分别为1:200和1:100时,对苗期茎腐病的防效最好,分别为81.14%和83.18%。本研究研制的Tr34生物种衣剂和Tr35生物种衣剂可以有效降低玉米茎腐病的发生,为进一步田间应用奠定基础。

种衣剂防治小麦茎基腐病效果的评价

茎基腐病已成为黄淮小麦主产区最具破坏性的土传病害之一,对我国粮食安全供给构成严重威胁。目前抗茎基腐病主栽品种稀少,生产上主要依赖于化学农药措施。药剂拌种可以有效防治茎基腐病。综合评价现有的种衣剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治及增产效果,以期为合理用药提供依据。采取高感茎基腐病小麦品种郑麦1354为研究对象,播种前种子包衣晾干,利用高致病力茎基腐病菌株PY20-20培养小米菌谷,连续2个小麦生长季利用进行人工接种病圃,包衣种子和接种菌谷等重量混合播种,分别于小麦拔节期和乳熟期记载处理小区植株发病情况,调查9种种衣剂处理后不同生育期的病情指数(disease index,DI),成熟收获后测定小区实际产量,结合小麦产量相关性状,比较种衣剂防病增产作用。结果表明:种衣剂处理后拔节期茎基腐病DI值均小于1.0,显著小于空白对照(5.07),防治效果为85.09%~100%,其中33 g·L^(-1)咯菌·噻虫胺、9%苯甲·吡虫啉和35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈的防效达到为97%~100%。在乳熟期,种衣剂处理后茎基腐病DI平均值低于15,显著小于空白对照(81.55),其中35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防效较好,平均防效分别达到92%和95%,而且分别增产39.62%和36.31%。综合而言,采用种衣剂35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防治小麦茎基腐病效果好且增产效果显著,具有较好的应用前景。

天津地区水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验

天津市优质农产品开发示范中心开展水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验。试验表明,17%杀螟·乙蒜素+80%乙蒜素对恶苗病的防效达100%,节本高效;经1万hm2以上生产实践检验,1 kg带菌种子用17%杀螟·乙蒜素5 g+80%乙蒜素0.6 ml浸种处理7~8 d,种水比1:1.1~1.2,恶苗病病株最少,仅个别种植户因操作不当本田零星出现恶苗病。

种衣剂减量下增施菌剂和肥料对小麦光合、产量、蚜虫及白粉病防控的影响

为探究拌种药剂减量下增施不同类型肥料对麦田蚜虫和白粉病防控及光合和产量的影响,以小麦蚜虫低感品种川麦104和高感品种内麦836为试验材料,采用大田试验,对种衣剂减量20%下,配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥或磷酸二氢钾后麦田土壤酶活性、小麦植株光合特性、病虫防治情况和产量性状的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明,拌种药剂减量20%条件下增施微生物菌剂较种衣剂常规用量处理能显著提高孕穗期川麦104的根际土壤的脲酶活性,以及内麦836的根际土壤过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性。在孕穗期和抽穗期,低感品种川麦104的麦蚜数量均显著低于内麦836;增施微生物菌剂和硅肥均能显著降低麦蚜和白粉病发生,对蚜虫防效和白粉病防效较常规药剂拌种用量处理分别提高8.0和10.2个百分点。拌种药剂减量20%配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥和磷酸二氢钾均能有效提高小麦旗叶氮素含量和SPAD值,改善叶片光合效率。增施硅肥下川麦104和内麦836的产量最高,较常规种衣剂用量处理分别增加16.0%和18.2%,差异均显著。以上结果说明,小麦种子种衣剂减量配合施用硅肥或微生物菌剂可有效提高麦田土壤酶活性,减少蚜虫和白粉病发生,改善小麦叶片光合特性,提高产量。

6种种衣剂防治芝麻枯萎病效果初步研究

种衣剂处理是防治由土壤、种子带菌引起的作物苗期枯萎病的有效手段。本研究分别采用培养皿培养和盆栽试验评估6种种衣剂防治芝麻枯萎病的效果。结果表明:使用培养皿培养法筛选芝麻种衣剂可行,与盆栽试验相比,培养皿方法简单快速。盆栽试验结果表明,6种种衣剂中防治效果最好的为15%多·福FSC,其次为30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FSC和25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FSC。15%多·福FSC的防治效果在播种后15 d达97%,播种后45 d仍在50%以上。15%多·福FSC、30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FSC和25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FSC包衣的最佳用量分别为11.11、7.50 mL/kg和30 mL/kg。本研究为芝麻种衣剂的初筛提供了简单快速的方法,并筛选出3种防效良好的种衣剂。

衣康酸聚乙二醇单醚酯封端水性聚氨酯织物涂层剂的制备及其性能

为丰富水性聚氨酯亲水单体的来源与种类,从而提高涂层织物水蒸气透过率,以聚乙二醇单醚(MPEG)和衣康酸(IA)为原料,通过酯化反应合成含碳碳双键的衣康酸聚乙二醇单醚酯(IM)。将IM和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯型水性聚氨酯(HWPU)混合,经紫外线接枝得到IM封端水性聚氨酯织物涂层剂(WPU-IM),采用直接涂覆法将其涂布于涤纶织物。通过吸水率、拉伸、耐静水压和水蒸气透过率测试对WPU-IM涂膜、织物涂层的性能进行分析。结果表明:当IM质量分数为2.1%时,WPU-IM涂膜断裂强度为8.61 MPa,断裂伸长率为325%,吸水率为17.4%,水接触角为79.2°;WPU-IM涂层织物耐静水压值为18.86 kPa,透湿率为4086.3 g/(m^(2)·d),综合性能达到最佳。

Ce(NO_(3))_(3)和CeO_(2)纳米粒子对APTES膜耐腐蚀性的影响

目的通过对铜箔进行硅烷化处理,增强铜箔的耐腐蚀性能。方法采用化学浸泡法在9μm电解铜箔表面制备γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂(APTES)硅烷膜层、Ce^(3+)/APTES膜层、CeO_(2)/APTES膜层和Ce^(3+)/CeO_(2)/APTES膜层,对改性硅烷膜试样与空白试样进行接触角对照实验,对硅烷表面润湿性进行表征。在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中,对空白样、单一硅烷膜层、Ce^(3+)/APTES硅烷膜层和Ce^(3+)/CeO_(2)/APTES硅烷膜层进行浸泡实验和电化学实验,研究改性膜层前后的耐腐蚀性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察膜层表面形貌,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对纳米粒子结构进行分析,探讨改性膜层的钝化机理。结果Ce(NO_(3))_(3)/CeO_(2)/APTES复合膜层的接触角最大,接触角为106.6°,表现出最佳的疏水性。同时,其表面的腐蚀坑数量和面积最小。在盐水浸泡和电化学实验中,各试样的腐蚀电流密度随着浸泡时间的延长而上升,Ce^(3+)/CeO_(2)/APTES试样的腐蚀电位发生正移,具有较低的腐蚀电流密度,并且该试样具有最高的相角和最高的阻抗值,远高于Ce^(3+)/APTES试样。结论与单一硅烷膜层和仅分别添加Ce(NO_(3))_(3)、CeO_(2)2种缓蚀剂的膜层相比,Ce(NO_(3))_(3)/CeO_(2)/APTES复合膜层的防护效果有明显提升,且Ce^(3+)与CeO_(2)之间的协同作用大大提高了硅烷膜层的耐腐蚀性能。

不同种衣剂对西兰花种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为提高西兰花种子质量降低苗期病害发生率,研究了不同浓度的噁霉灵和精甲·咯菌腈种衣剂对西兰花种子萌发、幼苗生长及病害发生的影响。结果表明,相同药剂不同浓度拌种处理后两个西兰花品种种子的发芽势、发芽率和出苗率均呈先升后降的趋势。噁霉灵种衣剂浓度为0.10%时,种子发芽势、发芽率相比噁霉灵种衣剂其他浓度处理高;3 mL·kg^(-1)精甲·咯菌腈种衣剂处理,种子发芽势和发芽率均高于精甲·咯菌腈种衣剂其他浓度处理,而且也是所有处理中效果最佳。研究结果为西兰花高质量种子加工技术提供了重要的借鉴和参考。