[Objective]The paper was to investigate the impact of plant extracts replacing anticoccidial drugs on growth performance and fecal coccidia count in broilers.[Method]A total of 234 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered...[Objective]The paper was to investigate the impact of plant extracts replacing anticoccidial drugs on growth performance and fecal coccidia count in broilers.[Method]A total of 234 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 13 broilers in each replicate.The test lasted for a total of 55 d,The control group was fed the basic diet,the anticoccidial group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t dinitolmide,and the plant extract group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t plant extract.[Result]The daily gain of the plant extract group from 1 to 21 days of age was significantly higher than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in daily gain and feed intake between the plant extract group and the anticoccidial drug group from 1 to 55 days of age(P>0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was reduced by 6.30%and the mortality and culling rate was reduced by 10.26%.The number of fecal coccidia at 33 days of age in the plant extract group was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the anticoccidial group and the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable enhancement in the growth performance of chicks aged 1-21 days,when compared with the use of anticoccidial drugs.No significant difference was observed in growth performance between the plant extract and the anticoccidial drugs from 1 to 55 days of age.The administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable reduction in the fecal coccidia count.[Conclusion]Plant extracts may serve as viable alternatives to anticoccidial drugs and show promise for application in animal husbandry.展开更多
Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production.This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeas...Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production.This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast(ETY) on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,antioxidative status,and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler chickens.Methods From d 1 to 14 post hatching,480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY(0,1,or 2 g/kg).The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight(BW) used as a blocking factor.On d 14 post hatching,the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental diets.Each of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge group.This resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments.The coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral gavage.Results Dietary ETY improved(P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased(P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(DM),nitrogen,and gross energy(GE).The coccidia challenge decreased(P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake of broiler chickens and reduced(P < 0.01) the total tract retention of DM,GE,and nitrogen.The coccidia challenge increased(P < 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα,IL-1β,IL-10,and IL-6 in the cecal mucosa.There was a tendency(P ne = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β expression.Additionally,ETY supplementation increased(P < 0.05) the geexpression of OCLN.Serum catalase increased(P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d 21.Dietary ETY linearly increased(P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,and ileal goblet cell density in broiler chickens.The ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased(P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d 21.Conclusions Dietary ETY enhanced nutrient utilization and augmented intestinal development in broiler chickens.However,dietary ETY did not completely attenuate the adverse effects of a coccidia challenge in broiler chickens.展开更多
Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 2...Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 24.4±3.7 kg body weight(BW)and nine months of age or 24.6±0.57 kg BW at 4-6 months of age were used for 28 d or 21 d for Trials 1 and 2,respectively.For Trial 1,goats were fed SL silage(SLS),SL hay(SLH),or Bermuda grass(BG,Cynodon dactylon)hay at 70%of the diet.For Trial 2,goats were provided with SLH or SLS and orally drenched with distilled water(Hay or silage plus water,HW and SW,respectively)or polyethylene glycol(PEG;SLS only;SP)daily.Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly to determine gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC)per gram of feces and blood packed cell volume(PCV).The SL diets significantly reduced(p<0.05)FEC and FOC in both trials,with the SLH diet reducing FEC 7 d faster compared to SLS.In PEG-treated goats,FOC tended to increase(p<0.07)at day 7 before decreasing.There was no treatment effect on PCV scores.Overall,SLH and SLS reduced fecal egg and oocyst counts in goats,but PEG results were inconclusive,so more research is needed.展开更多
Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza...Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)fed as a ground meal or in pelleted form.In Trial 1,goats were fed SL leaf only pellets,SL whole plant pellets,or a commercial goat pellet as 50%of a complete ration,while in Trial 2,kids were fed either ground SL leaf meal or ground whole plant SL meal as 25%of a complete ration.Fecal samples were collected weekly for determination of gastrointestinal nematode(GIN)fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC).In Trial 1,both of the pelleted SL rations reduced FEC(p<0.06)relative to the kids fed the control ration,and for FOC,there were lower values on Days 7 to 42 relative to Day 0 for goats on either pelleted SL diet,while FOC for control animals did not change over time(interaction,p<0.01).In Trial 2,both ground whole plant and leaf only SL diets reduced(p<0.05)FEC of the goats over time,but the effect was faster in the kids on the SL leaf meal ration.At 50%of the diet,SL leaf and whole plant meal pellets were equally effective against GIN egg and coccidial oocyst production in young kids,but SL leaf meal was more effective in reducing GIN egg production than whole plant SL meal when fed at 25%of the diet.展开更多
为了给炉霍县养牛业健康发展提供寄生虫病防治指导与保障,采用粪便检查法对采集自四川省炉霍县部分地区的725份牛粪便样品进行消化道线虫和球虫感染情况调查。结果显示,牛消化道线虫和球虫的总感染率为23.0%(167/725)。其中,线虫的感染...为了给炉霍县养牛业健康发展提供寄生虫病防治指导与保障,采用粪便检查法对采集自四川省炉霍县部分地区的725份牛粪便样品进行消化道线虫和球虫感染情况调查。结果显示,牛消化道线虫和球虫的总感染率为23.0%(167/725)。其中,线虫的感染率为6.6%(48/725),平均每克粪便虫卵数(eggs per gram of feces,EPG)为129个;球虫感染率为16.4%(119/725),平均每克粪便卵囊数(oocysts per gram of feces,OPG)为244个,且无混合感染现象。在3个品种的牛群中,各个年龄段均存在线虫感染,不同品种牛的易感年龄有显著差异。球虫感染在各个年龄段均有发生,其感染率和感染强度随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势。在不同饲养方式方面,放养和半放养牦牛种群之间线虫的感染率存在极显著差异(P<0.01),而球虫的感染率差异不显著(P>0.05)。此外,线虫和球虫的感染率和感染强度在3个地区有显著差异(P<0.05),这可能与饲养环境有关。调查结果表明,当地牛普遍存在线虫与球虫感染,建议区域内牛场加强肠道寄生虫的监测工作,适时对牛群进行针对性驱虫。展开更多
为了了解永州地区犬球虫的感染情况,确定优势虫种,并探究不同球虫虫种之间的种系发育关系,试验利用饱和重铬酸钾溶液漂浮法对采自永州地区的362份犬粪便进行虫卵检测,通过宏基因组测序技术鉴定虫种,PCR扩增球虫的18S r RNA、ITS-1基因,...为了了解永州地区犬球虫的感染情况,确定优势虫种,并探究不同球虫虫种之间的种系发育关系,试验利用饱和重铬酸钾溶液漂浮法对采自永州地区的362份犬粪便进行虫卵检测,通过宏基因组测序技术鉴定虫种,PCR扩增球虫的18S r RNA、ITS-1基因,经测序、比对确定永州地区流行的优势虫种,并对其种系发育关系进行分析。结果表明:有124份犬粪便为阳性,总体感染率为34.25%,其中宠物犬的感染率为24.31%,流浪犬的感染率为44.20%;在永州地区有犬等孢球虫与俄亥俄等孢球虫流行,其中犬等孢球虫33株(占比26.61%),俄亥俄等孢球虫91株(占比73.39%);犬等孢球虫18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列的长度分别为738 bp与1000 bp,俄亥俄等孢球虫18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列的长度分别为1051 bp和398 bp。两种犬球虫18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列的相似性分别为98.53%~98.76%和99.58%~99.72%。此外,在基于18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列所组建的2个种系发育树中,犬等孢球虫与俄亥俄等孢球虫均处于每个种系发育树的同一分支上。说明在永州地区犬球虫的感染率较高,俄亥俄等孢球虫为该地区的优势虫种,且犬等孢球虫与俄亥俄等孢球虫之间存在较近的亲缘关系。展开更多
Purpose: To determine if a commercially available electrolyte solution is safe and lessens the duration and severity of diarrhea in shelter dogs in stressful situations. Methods: In Experiment 1, six healthy beagles w...Purpose: To determine if a commercially available electrolyte solution is safe and lessens the duration and severity of diarrhea in shelter dogs in stressful situations. Methods: In Experiment 1, six healthy beagles were administered the protocol-approved dose of the electrolyte solution to evaluate clinical, biochemical, or fecal microbiome changes. In Experiment 2, 22 dogs with small or large bowel diarrhea were randomized into one of three groups: the electrolyte solution and a prescription veterinary diet, a placebo and a prescription veterinary diet, or the electrolyte solution and a standard diet. A fecal score was assigned by trained, masked observers through Day 5 using the Purina 7-point fecal scoring system. All dogs were screened for enteric parasites by fecal flotation and the use of a fluorescence antibody assay for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and all dogs that were parasitized were administered fenbendazole for five days. Results: In Experiment 1, all dogs tolerated the electrolyte solution with no vomiting or diarrhea noted and there was no evidence of negative effects on the gastrointestinal microbiome. In Experiment 2, 16 of the 22 dogs enrolled in the study had a normal stool the day after the first dose of the electrolyte solution, prescription diet, or placebo. All six dogs with the first day of normal stool detected after Day 1 were parasitized. When the days to normalcy were compared, the parasitized dogs had a significantly slower resolution (P = 0.018) than dogs with no parasites regardless of the other treatment group. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of the study suggest that this electrolyte solution is safe for use in dogs and that adding the electrolyte solution to a standard diet is equivalent to using a therapeutic diet alone or the electrolyte solution combined with a therapeutic diet.展开更多
文摘[Objective]The paper was to investigate the impact of plant extracts replacing anticoccidial drugs on growth performance and fecal coccidia count in broilers.[Method]A total of 234 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 13 broilers in each replicate.The test lasted for a total of 55 d,The control group was fed the basic diet,the anticoccidial group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t dinitolmide,and the plant extract group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t plant extract.[Result]The daily gain of the plant extract group from 1 to 21 days of age was significantly higher than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in daily gain and feed intake between the plant extract group and the anticoccidial drug group from 1 to 55 days of age(P>0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was reduced by 6.30%and the mortality and culling rate was reduced by 10.26%.The number of fecal coccidia at 33 days of age in the plant extract group was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the anticoccidial group and the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable enhancement in the growth performance of chicks aged 1-21 days,when compared with the use of anticoccidial drugs.No significant difference was observed in growth performance between the plant extract and the anticoccidial drugs from 1 to 55 days of age.The administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable reduction in the fecal coccidia count.[Conclusion]Plant extracts may serve as viable alternatives to anticoccidial drugs and show promise for application in animal husbandry.
文摘Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production.This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast(ETY) on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,antioxidative status,and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler chickens.Methods From d 1 to 14 post hatching,480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY(0,1,or 2 g/kg).The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight(BW) used as a blocking factor.On d 14 post hatching,the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental diets.Each of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge group.This resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments.The coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral gavage.Results Dietary ETY improved(P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased(P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(DM),nitrogen,and gross energy(GE).The coccidia challenge decreased(P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake of broiler chickens and reduced(P < 0.01) the total tract retention of DM,GE,and nitrogen.The coccidia challenge increased(P < 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα,IL-1β,IL-10,and IL-6 in the cecal mucosa.There was a tendency(P ne = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β expression.Additionally,ETY supplementation increased(P < 0.05) the geexpression of OCLN.Serum catalase increased(P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d 21.Dietary ETY linearly increased(P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,and ileal goblet cell density in broiler chickens.The ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased(P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d 21.Conclusions Dietary ETY enhanced nutrient utilization and augmented intestinal development in broiler chickens.However,dietary ETY did not completely attenuate the adverse effects of a coccidia challenge in broiler chickens.
文摘Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 24.4±3.7 kg body weight(BW)and nine months of age or 24.6±0.57 kg BW at 4-6 months of age were used for 28 d or 21 d for Trials 1 and 2,respectively.For Trial 1,goats were fed SL silage(SLS),SL hay(SLH),or Bermuda grass(BG,Cynodon dactylon)hay at 70%of the diet.For Trial 2,goats were provided with SLH or SLS and orally drenched with distilled water(Hay or silage plus water,HW and SW,respectively)or polyethylene glycol(PEG;SLS only;SP)daily.Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly to determine gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC)per gram of feces and blood packed cell volume(PCV).The SL diets significantly reduced(p<0.05)FEC and FOC in both trials,with the SLH diet reducing FEC 7 d faster compared to SLS.In PEG-treated goats,FOC tended to increase(p<0.07)at day 7 before decreasing.There was no treatment effect on PCV scores.Overall,SLH and SLS reduced fecal egg and oocyst counts in goats,but PEG results were inconclusive,so more research is needed.
文摘Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)fed as a ground meal or in pelleted form.In Trial 1,goats were fed SL leaf only pellets,SL whole plant pellets,or a commercial goat pellet as 50%of a complete ration,while in Trial 2,kids were fed either ground SL leaf meal or ground whole plant SL meal as 25%of a complete ration.Fecal samples were collected weekly for determination of gastrointestinal nematode(GIN)fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC).In Trial 1,both of the pelleted SL rations reduced FEC(p<0.06)relative to the kids fed the control ration,and for FOC,there were lower values on Days 7 to 42 relative to Day 0 for goats on either pelleted SL diet,while FOC for control animals did not change over time(interaction,p<0.01).In Trial 2,both ground whole plant and leaf only SL diets reduced(p<0.05)FEC of the goats over time,but the effect was faster in the kids on the SL leaf meal ration.At 50%of the diet,SL leaf and whole plant meal pellets were equally effective against GIN egg and coccidial oocyst production in young kids,but SL leaf meal was more effective in reducing GIN egg production than whole plant SL meal when fed at 25%of the diet.
文摘为了给炉霍县养牛业健康发展提供寄生虫病防治指导与保障,采用粪便检查法对采集自四川省炉霍县部分地区的725份牛粪便样品进行消化道线虫和球虫感染情况调查。结果显示,牛消化道线虫和球虫的总感染率为23.0%(167/725)。其中,线虫的感染率为6.6%(48/725),平均每克粪便虫卵数(eggs per gram of feces,EPG)为129个;球虫感染率为16.4%(119/725),平均每克粪便卵囊数(oocysts per gram of feces,OPG)为244个,且无混合感染现象。在3个品种的牛群中,各个年龄段均存在线虫感染,不同品种牛的易感年龄有显著差异。球虫感染在各个年龄段均有发生,其感染率和感染强度随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势。在不同饲养方式方面,放养和半放养牦牛种群之间线虫的感染率存在极显著差异(P<0.01),而球虫的感染率差异不显著(P>0.05)。此外,线虫和球虫的感染率和感染强度在3个地区有显著差异(P<0.05),这可能与饲养环境有关。调查结果表明,当地牛普遍存在线虫与球虫感染,建议区域内牛场加强肠道寄生虫的监测工作,适时对牛群进行针对性驱虫。
文摘为了了解永州地区犬球虫的感染情况,确定优势虫种,并探究不同球虫虫种之间的种系发育关系,试验利用饱和重铬酸钾溶液漂浮法对采自永州地区的362份犬粪便进行虫卵检测,通过宏基因组测序技术鉴定虫种,PCR扩增球虫的18S r RNA、ITS-1基因,经测序、比对确定永州地区流行的优势虫种,并对其种系发育关系进行分析。结果表明:有124份犬粪便为阳性,总体感染率为34.25%,其中宠物犬的感染率为24.31%,流浪犬的感染率为44.20%;在永州地区有犬等孢球虫与俄亥俄等孢球虫流行,其中犬等孢球虫33株(占比26.61%),俄亥俄等孢球虫91株(占比73.39%);犬等孢球虫18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列的长度分别为738 bp与1000 bp,俄亥俄等孢球虫18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列的长度分别为1051 bp和398 bp。两种犬球虫18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列的相似性分别为98.53%~98.76%和99.58%~99.72%。此外,在基于18S r RNA、ITS-1基因序列所组建的2个种系发育树中,犬等孢球虫与俄亥俄等孢球虫均处于每个种系发育树的同一分支上。说明在永州地区犬球虫的感染率较高,俄亥俄等孢球虫为该地区的优势虫种,且犬等孢球虫与俄亥俄等孢球虫之间存在较近的亲缘关系。
文摘Purpose: To determine if a commercially available electrolyte solution is safe and lessens the duration and severity of diarrhea in shelter dogs in stressful situations. Methods: In Experiment 1, six healthy beagles were administered the protocol-approved dose of the electrolyte solution to evaluate clinical, biochemical, or fecal microbiome changes. In Experiment 2, 22 dogs with small or large bowel diarrhea were randomized into one of three groups: the electrolyte solution and a prescription veterinary diet, a placebo and a prescription veterinary diet, or the electrolyte solution and a standard diet. A fecal score was assigned by trained, masked observers through Day 5 using the Purina 7-point fecal scoring system. All dogs were screened for enteric parasites by fecal flotation and the use of a fluorescence antibody assay for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and all dogs that were parasitized were administered fenbendazole for five days. Results: In Experiment 1, all dogs tolerated the electrolyte solution with no vomiting or diarrhea noted and there was no evidence of negative effects on the gastrointestinal microbiome. In Experiment 2, 16 of the 22 dogs enrolled in the study had a normal stool the day after the first dose of the electrolyte solution, prescription diet, or placebo. All six dogs with the first day of normal stool detected after Day 1 were parasitized. When the days to normalcy were compared, the parasitized dogs had a significantly slower resolution (P = 0.018) than dogs with no parasites regardless of the other treatment group. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of the study suggest that this electrolyte solution is safe for use in dogs and that adding the electrolyte solution to a standard diet is equivalent to using a therapeutic diet alone or the electrolyte solution combined with a therapeutic diet.
