Semen evaluation is required to predict fertility. In most rural African communities, facilities for microscopic evaluation of semen are not available. Therefore, an indirect method of predicting semen traits of cocks...Semen evaluation is required to predict fertility. In most rural African communities, facilities for microscopic evaluation of semen are not available. Therefore, an indirect method of predicting semen traits of cocks is required by poultry farmers. The objective of this study was to use factor scores derived from factor analysis of body measurements to predict some semen traits of cocks. Correlation matrix was obtained by calculating the correlations between body measurements and semen traits of cocks. Kais-er-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartletts test of sphericity were used to test the appropriateness of factor analysis on the data. The extraction of the factors was done by calculating the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix. Variance maximizing rotation of the transformation matrix was done to facilitate the interpretation of the factor loadings. Two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted which accounted for 76.96% of the variations present in the original variables. The two factors were used to obtain the factor score coefficients. When utilized as independent variables in multiple regression analysis, the two factors explained 53.20% and 40.80% of the variations in sperm motility and sperm concentration respectively. Factor 1 had more impact on sperm motility than factor 2 as it was significantly related to it. Factor 2 was significantly more related to sperm concentration than factor 1. The relationship between body measurements and semen volume, live sperm and abnormal sperm were weak and mostly negative. Therefore, they were not predicted using factor scores.展开更多
Objective:To study the aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia(P.)bullata in fowl.Methods:In this study,testosterone,as an indicator of the aphrodisiac potential of P.bullata,was investigated for its release from TM3 Leyd...Objective:To study the aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia(P.)bullata in fowl.Methods:In this study,testosterone,as an indicator of the aphrodisiac potential of P.bullata,was investigated for its release from TM3 Leydig cells grown in vitro and in 4 fowls given capsules containing P.bullata at a dose of 10 mg in each capsule twice a day,for 50 days.In the latter in vivo evaluation,mating behaviours were additionally determined after the treated fowls were released to the individual hens,and their testes and liver were dissected for histological examinations.Blood drawn from the fowls was assessed for any changes in diagnostic parameters.Results:In the in vitro test(TM3 Leydig cells),P.bullata was able to increase testosterone to 0.48 nmol/L within 72 h of incubation,compared to the untreated control with only 0.18 nmol/L,i.e.,an increase of 170%.In the in vivo test,outcomes in the fowls dosed with P.bullata showed similar positive elevations of testosterone to(9.72±1.10)nmol/L in comparison to the controls that showed a level of only(4.05±0.84)nmol/L.Total frequencies of mating behaviours were observed(wing flapping,body shakes,crowing and beak pecking)to be 23 counts for the test compared to only 15 for the control fowls.Histological examination of the male reproductive organs provided evidence of testosterone boosting based on an observable increase in the activity at the seminiferous tubules of testis tissues without any damaging effects,compared to the controls.In the nine diagnostic blood parameters assessed,including alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and gamma glutamyltransferase,none was remarkably elevated compared to the controls.The histological changes in the liver were not severe and mainly consisted of only localized moderate but recoverable obstructions and swellings of the vessels and tubules.Conclusions:P.bullata is able to boost testosterone both in vitro and in vivo,with no acute toxicities.展开更多
The survival rates, acrosomic integrity rates of frozen semen from Hongshan cock and fertilities of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa in both pellets and straws were studied. The result shows that the average survival rat...The survival rates, acrosomic integrity rates of frozen semen from Hongshan cock and fertilities of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa in both pellets and straws were studied. The result shows that the average survival rate of spermatozoa in straws was 0, 451±0, 056, and 0. 390±0. 040 in pellets, the former was significantly higher than the later （n=20, p〈0, 01）, The average acrosomic integrity rate of the sperms was 0, 613±0. 049 in straws, and 0. 476±0. 057 in pellets. The former was significantly higher than the later （n= 20, p〈0.05）. The fertility rates （%） of sperms in pellets, straws and freshly colleered semen at the third day after artificial insemination （AI） were 85.32±2. 32, 87. 73±1.00 and 90.77±1.68, respectively. The fertility rate,s of the three types of semen at the fourth and fifth days were lower than the third day＇s. Variance analysts shows that the fertilities of the spermatozoa in pellets and straws were significantly lower than freshly collected semen （n=3, p〈0.01）, and the fertilities of the spermatozoa in straws were significantly higher than those in pellets （n= 3, p〈0.01）.展开更多
Cocks Comb (Celosia cristata) is a hot-season annual species which is grown from seeds. A study was carried out in the horticulture laboratory of Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources of Febru...Cocks Comb (Celosia cristata) is a hot-season annual species which is grown from seeds. A study was carried out in the horticulture laboratory of Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources of February 2013 to evaluate the impact of salinity and potassium nitrate on the germination of cockscomb with five salinity levels (0, −2, −4, −6, and −8 bars) and three potassium nitrate levels (0%, 0.2%, and 0.4%) at 25°C on the basis of a Randomized Complete Block Design. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among salinity levels in germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, and seed vigor at the 1% probability level. Mean comparison for germination percentage revealed that higher salinity reduced seed germination percentage so that it was decreased from 80% in no salinity to 15% in −8 dS⋅m−1. The highest percentage of germination was related to zero percent salt and potassium nitrate 0.2%. Also, the highest radicle length of 2.48 cm was related to no salinity and the lowest one (0.61 cm) to −6 dS salinity. The highest radicle length and seed vigor were also observed in no salinity. Potassium nitrate by itself had no impact on the measured traits. Among interactions between salinity and potassium nitrate, the highest germination percentage was observed under 0 salinity × 0.2% potassium nitrate.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of three commercial compounds against ascarids and Capillaria spp. in naturally infected fighting cocks from Mexico. First experiment.- Forty cock...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of three commercial compounds against ascarids and Capillaria spp. in naturally infected fighting cocks from Mexico. First experiment.- Forty cocks were selected on the basis of eggs per gram (EPG) counts quantified by the McMaster method. On day 0 the birds were divided into four groups of 10 cocks, each subjected to the treatments. Group 1 received a single oral dose of 1 mg of ivermectin, 25 mg of praziquantel and 40 mg of fenbendazole given in tablets according to body weight (b.w). Group 2 was treated with a single oral dose of 1 mg of ivermectin, 25 mg of praziquantel and 40 mg of fenbendazole given in tablets/b.w. but formulated with a different excipient. Group 3 received a single tablet containing 0.2 mg of abamectin and 30 mg of albendazole. Group 4 served as a non-treated control. Fecal analyses were carried out on days 0 (day of treatment), 7, 14, 21 and 28, being collected from the floor where the cocks were individually caged. Efficacy was measured on the percentage of egg reduction from day 0 with respect the EPG counts from the control group. In a second experiment the study was similarly performed using another cock-farm located at approximately 300 km away from the first one. Results indicated an overall efficacy of 100%, 94.0% and 100% for groups 1, 2 and 3 in the first experiment and 100%, 100%, 100% for groups 1, 2 and 3 of the 2nd experiment, respectively. It is concluded that all drugs used exerted high efficacy in fighting cocks naturally infected with helminths.展开更多
The habitat selection of Tibetan Snow Cocks in shrub vegetation was investigated in Lhasa,Tibet,China,between March and April,2005.Fourteen parameters were measured.These include altitude,slope,slope aspect,slope posi...The habitat selection of Tibetan Snow Cocks in shrub vegetation was investigated in Lhasa,Tibet,China,between March and April,2005.Fourteen parameters were measured.These include altitude,slope,slope aspect,slope position,vegetation cover,plant type and other environmental parameters.Results show that Snow Cocks favor foraging in areas where vegetation cover was small and close to the residents’houses.Supplementary food supplied by humans has caused Snow Cocks to decrease their foraging range.Snow Cocks also favor roosting in areas with low vegetation,sparse grass,short grass,large rocks and close to houses.The Snow Cocks’activity in the study areas show a close relationship with human activities.展开更多
文摘Semen evaluation is required to predict fertility. In most rural African communities, facilities for microscopic evaluation of semen are not available. Therefore, an indirect method of predicting semen traits of cocks is required by poultry farmers. The objective of this study was to use factor scores derived from factor analysis of body measurements to predict some semen traits of cocks. Correlation matrix was obtained by calculating the correlations between body measurements and semen traits of cocks. Kais-er-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartletts test of sphericity were used to test the appropriateness of factor analysis on the data. The extraction of the factors was done by calculating the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix. Variance maximizing rotation of the transformation matrix was done to facilitate the interpretation of the factor loadings. Two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted which accounted for 76.96% of the variations present in the original variables. The two factors were used to obtain the factor score coefficients. When utilized as independent variables in multiple regression analysis, the two factors explained 53.20% and 40.80% of the variations in sperm motility and sperm concentration respectively. Factor 1 had more impact on sperm motility than factor 2 as it was significantly related to it. Factor 2 was significantly more related to sperm concentration than factor 1. The relationship between body measurements and semen volume, live sperm and abnormal sperm were weak and mostly negative. Therefore, they were not predicted using factor scores.
基金funded by grants awarded by Malaysian Technological University Network(MTUN)with grant number of UIC191201grants awarded by Universiti Malaysia Pahang with grant numbers of PDU203209(product development grant)PGRS1903203(postgraduate grant).
文摘Objective:To study the aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia(P.)bullata in fowl.Methods:In this study,testosterone,as an indicator of the aphrodisiac potential of P.bullata,was investigated for its release from TM3 Leydig cells grown in vitro and in 4 fowls given capsules containing P.bullata at a dose of 10 mg in each capsule twice a day,for 50 days.In the latter in vivo evaluation,mating behaviours were additionally determined after the treated fowls were released to the individual hens,and their testes and liver were dissected for histological examinations.Blood drawn from the fowls was assessed for any changes in diagnostic parameters.Results:In the in vitro test(TM3 Leydig cells),P.bullata was able to increase testosterone to 0.48 nmol/L within 72 h of incubation,compared to the untreated control with only 0.18 nmol/L,i.e.,an increase of 170%.In the in vivo test,outcomes in the fowls dosed with P.bullata showed similar positive elevations of testosterone to(9.72±1.10)nmol/L in comparison to the controls that showed a level of only(4.05±0.84)nmol/L.Total frequencies of mating behaviours were observed(wing flapping,body shakes,crowing and beak pecking)to be 23 counts for the test compared to only 15 for the control fowls.Histological examination of the male reproductive organs provided evidence of testosterone boosting based on an observable increase in the activity at the seminiferous tubules of testis tissues without any damaging effects,compared to the controls.In the nine diagnostic blood parameters assessed,including alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and gamma glutamyltransferase,none was remarkably elevated compared to the controls.The histological changes in the liver were not severe and mainly consisted of only localized moderate but recoverable obstructions and swellings of the vessels and tubules.Conclusions:P.bullata is able to boost testosterone both in vitro and in vivo,with no acute toxicities.
文摘The survival rates, acrosomic integrity rates of frozen semen from Hongshan cock and fertilities of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa in both pellets and straws were studied. The result shows that the average survival rate of spermatozoa in straws was 0, 451±0, 056, and 0. 390±0. 040 in pellets, the former was significantly higher than the later （n=20, p〈0, 01）, The average acrosomic integrity rate of the sperms was 0, 613±0. 049 in straws, and 0. 476±0. 057 in pellets. The former was significantly higher than the later （n= 20, p〈0.05）. The fertility rates （%） of sperms in pellets, straws and freshly colleered semen at the third day after artificial insemination （AI） were 85.32±2. 32, 87. 73±1.00 and 90.77±1.68, respectively. The fertility rate,s of the three types of semen at the fourth and fifth days were lower than the third day＇s. Variance analysts shows that the fertilities of the spermatozoa in pellets and straws were significantly lower than freshly collected semen （n=3, p〈0.01）, and the fertilities of the spermatozoa in straws were significantly higher than those in pellets （n= 3, p〈0.01）.
文摘Cocks Comb (Celosia cristata) is a hot-season annual species which is grown from seeds. A study was carried out in the horticulture laboratory of Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources of February 2013 to evaluate the impact of salinity and potassium nitrate on the germination of cockscomb with five salinity levels (0, −2, −4, −6, and −8 bars) and three potassium nitrate levels (0%, 0.2%, and 0.4%) at 25°C on the basis of a Randomized Complete Block Design. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among salinity levels in germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, and seed vigor at the 1% probability level. Mean comparison for germination percentage revealed that higher salinity reduced seed germination percentage so that it was decreased from 80% in no salinity to 15% in −8 dS⋅m−1. The highest percentage of germination was related to zero percent salt and potassium nitrate 0.2%. Also, the highest radicle length of 2.48 cm was related to no salinity and the lowest one (0.61 cm) to −6 dS salinity. The highest radicle length and seed vigor were also observed in no salinity. Potassium nitrate by itself had no impact on the measured traits. Among interactions between salinity and potassium nitrate, the highest germination percentage was observed under 0 salinity × 0.2% potassium nitrate.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of three commercial compounds against ascarids and Capillaria spp. in naturally infected fighting cocks from Mexico. First experiment.- Forty cocks were selected on the basis of eggs per gram (EPG) counts quantified by the McMaster method. On day 0 the birds were divided into four groups of 10 cocks, each subjected to the treatments. Group 1 received a single oral dose of 1 mg of ivermectin, 25 mg of praziquantel and 40 mg of fenbendazole given in tablets according to body weight (b.w). Group 2 was treated with a single oral dose of 1 mg of ivermectin, 25 mg of praziquantel and 40 mg of fenbendazole given in tablets/b.w. but formulated with a different excipient. Group 3 received a single tablet containing 0.2 mg of abamectin and 30 mg of albendazole. Group 4 served as a non-treated control. Fecal analyses were carried out on days 0 (day of treatment), 7, 14, 21 and 28, being collected from the floor where the cocks were individually caged. Efficacy was measured on the percentage of egg reduction from day 0 with respect the EPG counts from the control group. In a second experiment the study was similarly performed using another cock-farm located at approximately 300 km away from the first one. Results indicated an overall efficacy of 100%, 94.0% and 100% for groups 1, 2 and 3 in the first experiment and 100%, 100%, 100% for groups 1, 2 and 3 of the 2nd experiment, respectively. It is concluded that all drugs used exerted high efficacy in fighting cocks naturally infected with helminths.
文摘The habitat selection of Tibetan Snow Cocks in shrub vegetation was investigated in Lhasa,Tibet,China,between March and April,2005.Fourteen parameters were measured.These include altitude,slope,slope aspect,slope position,vegetation cover,plant type and other environmental parameters.Results show that Snow Cocks favor foraging in areas where vegetation cover was small and close to the residents’houses.Supplementary food supplied by humans has caused Snow Cocks to decrease their foraging range.Snow Cocks also favor roosting in areas with low vegetation,sparse grass,short grass,large rocks and close to houses.The Snow Cocks’activity in the study areas show a close relationship with human activities.
