Analysis and Simulation for Capacity of Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access System

Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interference in uplink and the mean of sum of power allocation in downlink are given, by which uplink and downlink capacity is analyzed. Furthermore, we give the simulation models for both uplink and downlink capacity. The results from theoretical analysis and simulation fit very well. In the end, the maximum number of users that TD-SCDMA system can serve for 12.2 k speech service is given.

Joint power control based on service factor for code division multiple access system

An important feature of the traffic in mobile networks is burstiness. Drawbacks of conventional power control algorithms for time division duplex （TDD）-code division multiple access （CDMA） systems are analyzed. A joint power control algorithm based on service factor is presented to address the TDD-CDMA mobile services in the burst mode according to the Markov modulated Bernoulli process. The joint power control equation is derived. A function model is developed to verify the new algorithm and evaluate its performance. Simulation results show that the new power control algorithm can estimate interference strength more precisely, speed up convergence of power control, and enhance power efficiency and system capacity. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is more robust against link gain changes, and outperforms the reference algorithms.

Performance analysis of quantum access network using code division multiple access model

A quantum access network has been implemented by frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access, while code division multiple access is limited for its difficulty to realize the orthogonality of the code. Recently,the chaotic phase shifters were proposed to guarantee the orthogonality by different chaotic signals and spread the spectral content of the quantum states. In this letter, we propose to implement the code division multiple access quantum network by using chaotic phase shifters and synchronization. Due to the orthogonality of the different chaotic phase shifter, every pair of users can faithfully transmit quantum information through a common channel and have little crosstalk between different users. Meanwhile, the broadband spectra of chaotic signals efficiently help the quantum states to defend against channel loss and noise.

A Low Complexity VCS Method for PAPR Reduction in Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access

This paper investigates a peak to average power ratio （PAPR） reduction method in multicarrier code division multiple access （MC-CDMA） system. Variable code sets （VCS）, a spreading codes selection scheme, can improve the PAPR property of the MC-CDMA signals, but this technique requires an exhaustive search over the combinations of spreading code sets. It is observed that when the number of active users increases, the search complexity will increase exponentially. Based on this fact, we propose a low complexity VCS （LC-VCS） method to reduce the computational complexity. The basic idea of LC-VCS is to derive new signals using the relationship between candidature signals. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce PAPR with lower comtational pucomplexity. In addition, it can be blindly received without any side information.

A Novel Optical Code Division Multiple Access Ring Network System for LAN

In this paper the impact factors on the optical fiber LAN network with ring topology are considered. The couple ratio, the self-ring effect, the Multiple-Access Interference (MAI), and the channel noises are the main factors degrading the system performance. We develop a systematic method that employs the smallest p multiplication method to analyze the optimization of the ring network. The results show that choosing an optimal couple ratio and power control will enhance the system performance dramatically. In addition, the “self-ring” interference and MAI can be suppressed by power control to some extent.

A New Performance Analysis Method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access Systems with An Optical Hard-Limiter

A new performance analysis method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access ( OCDMA ) systems with an optical hard limiter is studied. The bit error probability of the OCDMA system is derived, and the numerical results of the system with and without an ideal optical hard limiter are analyzed respectively. The results show that although the derived expression is different from the one derived by J A Salehi , the numerical results are the same as those analyzed by J A Salehi, and the numerical result can be easily achieved in this expression.

Hybrid Deep Learning-Based Adaptive Multiple Access Schemes Underwater Wireless Networks

Achieving sound communication systems in Under Water Acoustic(UWA)environment remains challenging for researchers.The communication scheme is complex since these acoustic channels exhibit uneven characteristics such as long propagation delay and irregular Doppler shifts.The development of machine and deep learning algorithms has reduced the burden of achieving reli-able and good communication schemes in the underwater acoustic environment.This paper proposes a novel intelligent selection method between the different modulation schemes such as Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA),Time Divi-sion Multiple Access(TDMA),and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)techniques using the hybrid combination of the convolutional neural net-works(CNN)and ensemble single feedforward layers(SFL).The convolutional neural networks are used for channel feature extraction,and boosted ensembled feedforward layers are used for modulation selection based on the CNN outputs.The extensive experimentation is carried out and compared with other hybrid learning models and conventional methods.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed hybrid learning model has achieved nearly 98%accuracy and a 30%increase in BER performance which outperformed the other learning models in achieving the communication schemes under dynamic underwater environments.

Blind Decorrelating Detection Based on Particle Swarm Optimization under Spreading Code Mismatch

A way of resolving spreading code mismatches in blind multiuser detection with a particle swarm optimization （PSO） approach is proposed. It has been shown that the PSO algorithm incorporating the linear system of the decorrelating detector, which is termed as decorrelating PSO （DPSO）, can significantly improve the bit error rate （BER） and the system capacity. As the code mismatch occurs, the output BER performance is vulnerable to degradation for DPSO. With a blind decorrelating scheme, the proposed blind DPSO （BDPSO） offers more robust capabilities over existing DPSO under code mismatch scenarios.

Hybrid WDMA/OCDM system with the capability of encoding multiple wavelength channels by employing one encoder and one corresponding optical code

A hybrid wavelength division multiple access （WDMA）/optical code division multiplexing （OCDM） system is proposed, where the optical code is not the same as the address of every optical network unit （ONU）; rather, the code is a virtual fiber of hybrid passive optical network （PON）. To our knowledge, this is the first report analyzing a single encoder/decoder with a single corresponding optical code being exploited to encode/decode multiple wavelength signals simultaneously. This system enables OCDM to become transparent to ONU so that the existing wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） PON can be upgraded. Thus, redesigning the optical line terminal and ONU can be easily accomplished, and greatly decreasing the number of encoder/decoder becomes possible. In experiment, we only employ two encoder/decoder pairs to combine two WDM-PONs in one fiber. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system.

Adaptive Digital Predistortion Schemes to Linearize RF Power Amplifiers with Memory Effects

To compensate for nonlinear distortion introduced by RF power amplifiers （PAs） with memory effects, two correlated models, namely an extended memory polynomial （EMP） model and a memory lookup table （LUT） model, are proposed for predistorter design. Two adaptive digital predistortion （ADPD） schemes with indirect learning architecture are presented. One adopts the EMP model and the recursive least square （RLS） algorithm, and the other utilizes the memory LUT model and the least mean square （LMS） algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the EMP-based ADPD yields the best linearization performance in terms of suppressing spectral regrowth. It is also shown that the ADPD based on memory LUT makes optimum tradeoff between performance and computational complexity.

Joint Power Control with Inter-Link Interference Prediction for Wireless Ad Hoc CDMA Networks

A joint power control algorithm for ad hoc networks based on code division multiple access （CDMA） was studied. Firstly, the new algorithm was deduced in theory. Then, the system model was developed. In the proposed algorithm, all transmitting nodes assigned in the same time slot adjust their transmitter power based on current information, which takes into account the adjustments of transmitter power of other transmitting nodes in next step and the prediction of inter-link interference power level at the receive node. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithms in terms of smaller standard deviation of receiver signal-to-interference-ratio, lower system interference and higher energy efficiency.

Microwave Oscillator Phase Noise Requirement for TD-SCDMA Wireless Communication Systems

In time division synchronous code division multiple access （TD-SCDMA） wireless communication systems, QPSK or 8PSK has been employed to support high data rate services and high efficiency in available bandwidth. The performance of such systems is affected by the phase noise of the microwave local oscillator. The phase noise model of synthesizer and the RF transceiver model for the phase noise effect are proposed for applications of TD-SCDMA systems. The relationship between the power spectral density （PSD） and root mean square （RMS） phase error is given. Then, the error vector magnitude （EVM） performance is analytically evaluated by using the single side band （SSB） phase noise. Theoretical results show agreement with those obtained by measurement data and therefore can be used to derive the TD-SCDMA system performance.

Optimum Transmitter Power Control in WCDMA Cellular Systems

Power control is an important technique in WCDMA mobile systems for both increasing system capacity and guaranteeing the required QoS (time delay and wireless link transmission quality) of multimedia services. The optimum power control for narrow band CDMA cellular systems is a problem of single threshold optimization. Because these systems have only one type of traffic and have the same QoS requirement. However, WCDMA mobile system should provide multimedia services and different types of traffic have different QoS requirements. Thus, the power control in WCDMA mobile systems isn't a problem of single threshold optimizing, but turns into the optimizing problem of multi-threshold. We analyze the power control problem in WCDMA cellular mobile systems and propose the optimum transmitter power control algorithm. Three criteria to optimize transmitter power levels of multi-thresholds based on grading the priority orders of multimedia services are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms are more effective than conventional algorithms and can provide better performance for WCDMA cellular mobile systems.

Successive quadratic programming multiuser detector

Based on the semidefinite programming relaxation of the CDMA maximum likelihood multiuser detection problem, a detection strategy by the successive quadratic programming algorithm is presented. Coupled with the randomized cut generation scheme, the suboptimal solution of the multiuser detection problem in obtained. Compared to the interior point methods previously reported based on semidefmite programming, simulations demonstrate that the successive quadratic programming algorithm often yields the similar BER performances of the multiuser detection problem. But the average CPU time of this approach is significantly reduced.

Equivalent Joint Space-Time Multiuser Detection for Uplink ISI-Corrupted Multicarrier CDMA Systems with Arbitrary Antenna Arrays

The multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems without cyclic prefix (CP) hold a fine spectral efficiency though they are unavoidably corrupted by the intersymbol interference (ISI) over the finite impulse response (FIR) channel. We call MC-CDMA systems without CP the ISI-corrupted MC-CDMA systems in some sense. Considering the fact that combining antenna arrays with so-called ISI-corrupted MC-CDMA systems is advantageous in suppressing cochannel interference in cellular communication systems, this paper investigates ISI-corrupted MC-CDMA systems with base station antenna arrays. Joint space-time multiuser detection (MUD) schemes for DS-CDMA systems with antenna arrays have drawn much attention recently. Based upon them, we can derive the equivalent joint spatial-temporal MUD scheme for ISI-corrupted MC-CDMA systems with antenna arrays. In order to achieve this goal, an equivalent space-time estimation method of uplink vector channel is first derived for the ISI-corrupted MC-CDMA system with the arbitrary antenna array over frequency-selective fading channels. Then, based on the estimated equivalent space-time channel, an equivalent joint space-time multiuser detector is constructed. Computer simulations illustrate that our algorithm is more robust against noise and can well mitigate multiple access interference (MAI) in multiuser scenarios.

Statistical-mechanical analysis of multiuser channel capacity with imperfect channel state information

In this paper, the effect of imperfect channel state information at the receiver, which is caused by noise and other interference, on the multi-access channel capacity is analysed through a statistical-mechanical approach. Replica analyses focus on analytically studying how the minimum mean square error （MMSE） channel estimation error appears in a multiuser channel capacity formula. And the relevant mathematical expressions are derived. At the same time, numerical simulation results are demonstrated to validate the Replica analyses. The simulation results show how the system parameters, such as channel estimation error, system load and signal-to-noise ratio, affect the channel capacity.

Performance analysis of hybrid carrier DS CDMA communication system

A hybrid carrier (HC) DS CDMA communication system is proposed, combining 4-weighted fractional Fourier transform (4-WFRFT) with code division multiple access (CDMA) technique. The signals are modulated in a certain order fractional Fourier domain and transformed by 4-WFRFT to compose the hybrid carrier signals. In the time domain CDMA technique is adopted for multiple accesses and time diversity gain. Compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, in which Fourier transform is adopted, the signal energy in HC system is distributed on the time-frequency plane more evenly and symmetrically. Thus, when there is a deep fading notch or single-frequency interference in the channel, the proposed method can split the interference to a broader range in order to reduce the influence, resulting in the better system performance. Moreover, the performances of the proposed system, such as peak-to-average power rate (PAPR) and security are also discussed in the paper.

Design of power controller in CDMA system with power and SIR error minimization

In this paper, an uplink power control problem is considered for code division multiple access （CDMA） systems. A distributed algorithm is proposed based on linear quadratic optimal control theory. The proposed scheme minimizes the sum of the power and the error of signal-to-interference ratio （SIR）. A power controller is designed by constructing an optimization problem of a stochastic linear quadratic type in Krein space and solving a Kalman filter problem.

Study on forward power allocation for CDMA 2000-1X

A new method for allocating the transmitting power on the CDMA(code division multiple access)20001x forward link channel under the conditions of multipath and different rate is proposed. That is, based on the dependency that exists between the respective signal qualities of the pilot channel and traffic channels to allocate the forward link channels reasonably. The CDMA 20001x forward link exploits coherent demodulation with continuously transmitting pilot signals. Therefore the stronger the pilot channel, the less traffic power is required while the same transmission quality is maintained. On the basis of the laboratory test, the diagrams of the dependency are given in the paper, and then an optimal pilot signal quality,which minimizes the total transmitting power is found. This result can be used to maximize the capacity of CDMA 20001x system or improve the service quality at cell edge. It has significant meaning for the R&D of the practical system project.

Improved Space-Time Selective Interference Cancellation Scheme for CDMA Systems

Space-time selective parallel interference cancellation(ST-SPIC) is a computationally effective approach combining multiuser detection (MUD) with antenna array technology for CDMA systems. The exploitation of signal reliability is a key issue in ST-SPIC. In order to improve the reliability estimation, a pair of reliability thresholds are introduced. Then an improved selective interference cancellation algorithm is proposed to exploit the reliability accordingly. More practical space-time processing algorithms are also incorporated in the proposed ST-SPIC scheme to overcome the limitation caused by some idealised assumptions taken in the original ST-SPIC scheme. Numerical results show that the proposed ST-SPIC scheme outperforms its traditional counterpart in a CDMA microcell environment.