Most multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MMEAs)aim to find all global Pareto optimal sets(PSs)for a multimodal multi-objective optimization problem(MMOP).However,in real-world problems,decision makers(D...Most multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MMEAs)aim to find all global Pareto optimal sets(PSs)for a multimodal multi-objective optimization problem(MMOP).However,in real-world problems,decision makers(DMs)may be also interested in local PSs.Also,searching for both global and local PSs is more general in view of dealing with MMOPs,which can be seen as generalized MMOPs.Moreover,most state-of-theart MMEAs exhibit poor convergence on high-dimension MMOPs and are unable to deal with constrained MMOPs.To address the above issues,we present a novel multimodal multiobjective coevolutionary algorithm(Co MMEA)to better produce both global and local PSs,and simultaneously,to improve the convergence performance in dealing with high-dimension MMOPs.Specifically,the Co MMEA introduces two archives to the search process,and coevolves them simultaneously through effective knowledge transfer.The convergence archive assists the Co MMEA to quickly approach the Pareto optimal front.The knowledge of the converged solutions is then transferred to the diversity archive which utilizes the local convergence indicator and the-dominance-based method to obtain global and local PSs effectively.Experimental results show that Co MMEA is competitive compared to seven state-of-the-art MMEAs on fifty-four complex MMOPs.展开更多
A comprehensive compilation and systematic analysis of known early and middle Permian brachiopod faunas shows that the early Permian brachiopod faunas comprise three realms, six regions, and eleven provinces, while th...A comprehensive compilation and systematic analysis of known early and middle Permian brachiopod faunas shows that the early Permian brachiopod faunas comprise three realms, six regions, and eleven provinces, while those of the middle Permian comprise three realms, four regions, and eight provinces. A comparison and analysis of brachiopod faunal patterns reveal a coevolution between global brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography during the early-middle Permian. Although temperature/latitude is the main factor controlling the formation of three realms, tectonopaleogeographic factors determine the temperature/latitude in which the continents were located. The 'continental barrier' of Pangea, as a 'central axis' continent, divided the three realms into six regions, which indicates that the formation of biogeographic regions was controlled mainly by the tectonopaleogeographic factors. The evolution of tectonopaleogeography was sometimes a long-term process, so that the biogeographic regions(or provinces) controlled by tectonopaleogeography displayed relative stability. Shifts in the nature of biogeographic provinces(e.g., from cool water to warm water, and vice versa), extensions or narrowing of geographical ranges, and recombinations of some provinces were all related to regional tectonic evolution. The study of the coevolution between brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography not only accounts for the formation mechanisms of brachiopod paleobiogeographic patterns during the early-middle Permian, but also provides evidences for the locations and configurations of oceans and plates(blocks) during this period.展开更多
Male signaling influences both female choice and male-male competition. Although male signaling characteristics and female preferences have been shown to coevolve in many species, few studies have examined whether mal...Male signaling influences both female choice and male-male competition. Although male signaling characteristics and female preferences have been shown to coevolve in many species, few studies have examined whether male signal characteristics and male receiver responses related to male-male competition also coevolve. The present study tested the hypothesis that male and female signal receiver preferences may coevolve in parallel for flogs in the genus Babina by comparing the acoustic structure of male advertisement calls of four closely related and geographically isolated Babina species. Then we assessed the behavioral responses of both male and female B. daunchina (Emei music frog) to male call playbacks from each of the four species. The results support the hypothesis that male and female signal receiver preferences have coevolved in this species. Specifically, both male and female B. daunchina respond strongly to the heterospecific calls of B. hainanensis, suggesting that preexisting biases exist in both females and males. Both male and female individuals showed a slight response to the calls of B. adenopleura while no response was evoked by the calls ofB. lini. The manifestation of similar response profiles in male and female B. daunchina to the calls of the four species support the idea that male and female signal receiver preferences evolved in parallel and that the origin of these receiver biases reflects adaptations dependent on the same neural and cognitive systems in both sexes.展开更多
Due to the turbulent external business environment, the complexity of internal relations of the organization and the emergence of subversive IT roles, the business-IT alignment(BITA)has become increasingly difficult. ...Due to the turbulent external business environment, the complexity of internal relations of the organization and the emergence of subversive IT roles, the business-IT alignment(BITA)has become increasingly difficult. The unsuccessful realization of BITA will lead to the waste of organizational resources, the reduction of return on investment and eventually the loss of competitive advantage. In recent years, coevolution has received widespread attention due to its ability to describe the dynamic relationship between IT and business. Multiple principles such as quickening learning action loops and adopt suitable organizing principles for achieving business and IT coevolution(BITC) are obtained. However, the continuous BITC is still hard to be achieved because of the lack of complete BITC management. This paper focuses on the management process of the BITC and how to perform it gradually. A coevolution framework combines the enterprise architecture(EA) approach with the coevolution analysis is proposed, which contains the design of EA, the sensing and governance of the misalignment and the procedure of the EA misalignment prevention.The steps for the governance and prevention of misalignment are discussed in particular. Through comparison with the principles,characteristics and methods of coevolution in the literature, the proposed framework is evaluated. The results show that the proposed framework is effective for BITC implementation.展开更多
The divergence and continuous evolution of plants and animals contribute to ecological diversity.Promoters and transcription factors(TFs) are key determinants of gene regulation and transcription throughoutlife.Howeve...The divergence and continuous evolution of plants and animals contribute to ecological diversity.Promoters and transcription factors(TFs) are key determinants of gene regulation and transcription throughoutlife.However,theevolutionary trajectories and relationships of promoters and TFs are still poorly understood. Here, we conducted extensive analysis of large-scale multi-omics sequences in 420 animal species and 223 plant species spanning nearly a billion years of evolutionary history. Results showed that promoter GC-contentandTFisoelectricpoints,as features/signatures that accompany long biological evolution, exhibited increasing growth in animal cells but a decreasing trend in plant cells. Furthermore, the evolutionary trajectories of promoter and TF signatures in the animal kingdom provided further evidence that Mammalia as well as Aves evolved directly from the ancestor Reptilia. The strong correlation between promoter and TF signatures indicates that promoters and TFs formed antagonistic coevolution in the animal kingdom, but mutualistic coevolution in the plant kingdom. The distinct coevolutionary patterns potentially drive the plant-animal divergence, divergent evolution and ecological diversity.展开更多
The mutually antagonistic processes producing adaptations and counter-adaptations in avian brood parasites and their hosts provide a model system for the study of coevolution;this topic has long been an area of focus ...The mutually antagonistic processes producing adaptations and counter-adaptations in avian brood parasites and their hosts provide a model system for the study of coevolution;this topic has long been an area of focus in ornithology and evolutionary biology.Although there is an extensive body of literature dealing with avian brood parasitism,few empirical studies have considered the effects of the coevolutionary processes associated with brood parasitism on the acoustic characteristics of parent–offspring communication.Under the strong selection pressures associated with brood parasitism,parasitic birds may,for instance,produce deceptive songs.The host may in turn evolve the ability to recognize these sounds as deceptive.At present,the mechanisms underlying the different competitive strategies employed by hosts and parasitic birds remain unclear.Here,we reviewed previous studies that investigated acoustic traits in scenarios of brood parasitism,highlighting possible adaptive functions.Using a meta-analysis,we identified no heterogeneity among studies of begging call adaptations in parasitic nestlings.However,our results may have been affected by the small number of applicable papers available for analysis.Our meta-analysis also suggested that studies of acoustic communication and transmission in adult hosts were highly heterogenous,suggesting that research methods were inconsistent among studies.Finally,we identified knowledge gaps and proposed several lines of future research.展开更多
Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)technology can eliminate the blind spots of terrestrial ADS-B systems because of its global coverage capability.However,the space-based ADS-B system faces n...Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)technology can eliminate the blind spots of terrestrial ADS-B systems because of its global coverage capability.However,the space-based ADS-B system faces new problems such as extremely low Signal-toNoise Ratio(SNR)and serious co-channel interference,which result in long update intervals.To minimize the position message update interval at an update probability of 95%with full coverage constraint,this paper presents an optimization model of digital multi-beamforming for space-based ADS-B.Then,a coevolution method DECCG_A&A is proposed to enhance the optimization efficiency by using an improved adaptive grouping strategy.The strategy is based on the locations of uncovered areas and the aircraft density under the coverage of each beam.Simulation results show that the update interval can be effectively controlled to be below 8 seconds compared with other existing methods,and DECCG_A&A is superior in convergence to the Genetic Algorithm(GA)as well as the coevolution algorithms using other grouping strategies.Overall,the proposed optimization model and method can significantly reduce the update interval,thus improving the surveillance performance of space-based ADS-B for air traffic control.展开更多
The aerial manipulator expands the scope of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)'s application as well as increases the di±culties in the design of the controller.To better control the aerial manipulator for di®...The aerial manipulator expands the scope of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)'s application as well as increases the di±culties in the design of the controller.To better control the aerial manipulator for di®erent trajectories tracking under di®erent conditions,a new dual-layer controller is designed in this paper.The integral backstepping sliding mode controller(IBSMC)is applied to the outer-loop controller and backstepping controller(BC)is applied to the innerloop controller.To improve the performance of the system,an improved pigeon-inspired optimization(PIO)algorithm called group coevolution and immigration pigeon-inspired optimization(GCIPIO)algorithm is proposed to optimize the controller parameters of IBSMC.GCIPIO algorithm utilizes the group coevolution and immigration mechanisms.A series of simulations are conducted to show the advantage of the proposed method.The results illustrate that the proposed method ensures the closed-loop system has less end-e®ector tracking error.展开更多
Coevolution can be seen as the interdependency between evolutionary histories. In the context of protein evolution, functional correlation proteins are ever-present coordinated evolutionary characters without disrupti...Coevolution can be seen as the interdependency between evolutionary histories. In the context of protein evolution, functional correlation proteins are ever-present coordinated evolutionary characters without disruption of organismal integrity. As to complex system, there are two forms of protein-protein interactions in vivo, which refer to inter-complex interaction and intra-complex interaction. In this paper, we studied the difference of coevolution characters between inter-complex interaction and intra-complex interaction using "Mirror tree" method on the respiratory chain (RC) proteins. We divided the correlation coefficients of every pairwise RC proteins into two groups corresponding to the binary protein--protein interaction in intra-complex and the binary protein--protein interaction in inter-complex, respectively. A dramatical discrepancy is detected between the coevolution characters of the two sets of protein interactions (Wilcoxon test, p-value = 4.4 × 10 6). Our finding reveals some critical information on coevolutionary study and assists the mechanical investigation of protein-protein interaction. Furthermore, the results also provide some unique clue for supramolecular organization of protein complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane. More detailed binding sites map and genome information of nuclear encoded RC proteins will be extraordinary valuable for the further mitochondria dynamics study.展开更多
Scale-free topology and high clustering coexist in some real networks, and keep invariant for growing sizes of the systems. Previous models could hardly give out size-independent clustering with self- organized mechan...Scale-free topology and high clustering coexist in some real networks, and keep invariant for growing sizes of the systems. Previous models could hardly give out size-independent clustering with self- organized mechanism when succeeded in producing power-law degree distributions. Always ignored, some empirical statistic results display flat-head power-law behaviors. We modify our recent coevo- lutionary model to explain such phenomena with the inert property of nodes to retain small portion of unfavorable links in self-organized rewiring process. Flat-head power-law and size-independent clustering are induced as the new characteristics by this modification. In addition, a new scaling relation is found as the result of interplay between node state growth and adaptive variation of connections.展开更多
The brown-headed cowbird(hereafter cowbird)is an avian brood parasite that produces an egg dissimilar to those produced by the majority of its diverse host community.The cowbird’s generic egg may result from a Jack-o...The brown-headed cowbird(hereafter cowbird)is an avian brood parasite that produces an egg dissimilar to those produced by the majority of its diverse host community.The cowbird’s generic egg may result from a Jack-of-all-trades strategy;however,the evolutionary mechanisms that select for their generic eggs are unclear.Here we propose that the cowbird’s eggshell phenotypes have evolved via diffuse coevolution,which results from community-level selective pressures,rather than via pairwise coevolution that occurs between a particular host species and its brood parasite.Under diffuse coevolution the cowbird’s host community,with varying eggshell phenotypes and recognition abilities,would select for a cowbird eggshell phenotype intermediate to those of its host community.This selection is exerted by hosts that reject cowbird eggs,rather than those that accept them;therefore,we expect cowbird eggshell colors can be approximated by both the phenotypes and rejection abilities of their host community.Here we use eggshell reflectance data from 43 host species to demonstrate that the cowbird eggshell phenotypes are reasonably predicted(within 2 just noticeable differences)by the eggshell phenotypes and rejection rates of their hosts.These findings suggest that cowbird eggshell phenotypes,and potentially those of other some generalist parasites,may evolve via diffuse coevolution.Importantly,this research provides insight into the underlying evolutionary processes that explain observed phenotypic variation and provides a framework for studying selection on both specialist and generalist parasites’traits.展开更多
The global brachiopod palaeobiogeography of the Mississippian is divided into three realms, six regions, and eight provinces, while that of the Pennsylvanian is divided into three realms, six regions, and nine provinc...The global brachiopod palaeobiogeography of the Mississippian is divided into three realms, six regions, and eight provinces, while that of the Pennsylvanian is divided into three realms, six regions, and nine provinces. On this basis,we examined coevolutionary relationships between brachiopod palaeobiogeography and tectonopalaeogeography using a comparative approach spanning the Carboniferous. The appearance of the Boreal Realm in the Mississippian was closely related to movements of the northern plates into middle–high latitudes. From the Mississippian to the Pennsylvanian, the palaeobiogeography of Australia transitioned from the Tethys Realm to the Gondwana Realm,which is related to the southward movement of eastern Gondwana from middle to high southern latitudes. The transition of the Yukon–Pechora area from the Tethys Realm to the Boreal Realm was associated with the northward movement of Laurussia, whose northern margin entered middle–high northern latitudes then. The formation of the six palaeobiogeographic regions of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian brachiopods was directly related to "continental barriers", which resulted in the geographical isolation of each region. The barriers resulted from the configurations of Siberia, Gondwana, and Laurussia, which supported the Boreal, Tethys, and Gondwana realms, respectively. During the late Late Devonian–Early Mississippian, the Rheic seaway closed and North America(from Laurussia) joined with South America and Africa(from Gondwana), such that the function of "continental barriers" was strengthened and the differentiation of eastern and western regions of the Tethys Realm became more distinct. In the Barents Ocean tectonic domain during the Pennsylvanian, the brachiopods on the northern margin of the Barents Ocean formed the Verkhoyansk–Taymyr Province, while those on the southern margin formed the Yukon–Pechora Province. The Mongolia–Okhotsk Province was formed by brachiopods of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean tectonic domain. The Northern Margin of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean Province and the Southern Margin of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean Province were formed, respectively, by brachiopods on the northern and southern margins of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean tectonic domain. South China and Southeast Asia were dissociated from the major continental blocks mentioned above, and formed the South China Province.展开更多
One of the most striking radiations in brachyuran evolution is the considerable morphological diversification of the external reproductive structures of primary freshwater crabs:the male first gonopod(G1)and the femal...One of the most striking radiations in brachyuran evolution is the considerable morphological diversification of the external reproductive structures of primary freshwater crabs:the male first gonopod(G1)and the female vulva(FV).However,the lack of quantitative studies,especially the lack of data on female genitalia,has seriously limited our understanding of genital evolution in these lineages.Here we examined 69 species of the large Chinese potamid freshwater crab genus Sinopotamon Bott,1967(more than 80%of the described species).We used a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach to analyze variation in the shape of the G1 and FV,and to compare the relative degree of variability of the genitalia with non-reproductive structures(the third maxillipeds).We found rapid divergent evolution of the genitalia among species of Sinopotamon when compared to non-reproductive traits.In addition,the reconstruction of ancestral groundplans,together with plotting analyses,indicated that the FV show the most rapid divergence,and that changes in FV traits correlate with changes in G1 traits.Here we provide new evidence for coevolution between the male and female external genitalia of Sinopotamon that has likely contributed to rapid divergent evolution and an associated burst of speciation in this lineage.展开更多
Wherever the first life originated, the Earth has grown organisms. The Earth provides life with all the basicelements required for the composition and growth of life. And of more importance is that the Earth has
In the case of on-line action role-playing game, the combat strategies can be divided into three distinct classes, Strategy of Motion(SM), Strategy of Attacking Occasion (SAO) and Strategy of Using Skill (SUS). In thi...In the case of on-line action role-playing game, the combat strategies can be divided into three distinct classes, Strategy of Motion(SM), Strategy of Attacking Occasion (SAO) and Strategy of Using Skill (SUS). In this paper, we analyze such strategies of a basic game model in which the combat is modeled by the discrete competitive Markov decision process. By introducing the chase model and the combat assistant technology, we identify the optimal SM and the optimal SAO, successfully. Also, we propose an evolutionary framework, including integration with competitive coevolution and cooperative coevolution, to search the optimal SUS pair which is regarded as the Nash equilibrium point of the strategy space. Moreover, some experiments are made to demonstrate that the proposed framework has the ability to find the optimal SUS pair. Furthermore, from the results, it is shown that using cooperative coevolutionary algorithm is much more efficient than using simple evolutionary algorithm.展开更多
The study of mutualistic plant and animal networks is an emerging field of ecological research. We reviewed progress in this field over the past 30 years. While earlier studies mostly focused on network structure, sta...The study of mutualistic plant and animal networks is an emerging field of ecological research. We reviewed progress in this field over the past 30 years. While earlier studies mostly focused on network structure, stability, and biodiversity maintenance, recent studies have investigated the conservation implications of mutualistic networks, specifically the influence of invasive species and how networks respond to habitat loss. Current research has also focused on evolutionary questions including phylogenetic signal in networks, impact of networks on the coevolution of interacting partners, and network influences on the evolution of interacting species. We outline some directions for future research, particularly the evolution of specialization in mutualistic networks, and provide concrete recommendations for environmental managers.展开更多
Background:Our knowledge of avian brood parasitism is primarily based on studies of a few selected species.Recently,researchers have targeted a wider range of host–parasite systems,which has allowed further evaluatio...Background:Our knowledge of avian brood parasitism is primarily based on studies of a few selected species.Recently,researchers have targeted a wider range of host–parasite systems,which has allowed further evaluation of hypotheses derived from well-known study systems but also disclosed adaptations that were previously unknown.Here we present developmental and behavioral data on the previously undescribed Plaintive Cuckoo(Cacomantis merulinus) nestling and one of its hosts,the Common Tailorbird(Orthotomus sutorius).Methods:We discovered more than 80 Common Tailorbird nests within an area of 25 km2,and we recorded nestling characteristics,body mass,tarsus length and begging display every 3 days for both species.Results:Plaintive Cuckoo nestlings followed a developmental pathway that was relatively similar to that of their well-studied relative,the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).Tailorbird foster siblings were evicted from the nest rim.The cuckoo nestlings gained weight faster than host nestlings,and required 3–9 days longer time to fledge than host nestlings.Predation was high during the early stages of development,but the nestlings acquired a warning display around 11 days in the nest,after which none of the studied cuckoo nestlings were depredated.The cuckoos' begging display,which appeared more intense than that of host nestlings,was initially vocally similar with that of the host nestlings but began to diverge from the host sound output after day 9.Conclusions:The developmental data on Plaintive Cuckoo nestlings and their tailorbird host builds an important foundation for future work on the co-evolutionary interactions in this parasite–host system.展开更多
Exploring the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in social dilemma is valuable and it arises considerable concerns of many researchers. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to promote cooperation, called benefi...Exploring the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in social dilemma is valuable and it arises considerable concerns of many researchers. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to promote cooperation, called benefit community,in which cooperators linking together form a common benefit community and all their payoffs obtained from game are divided coequally. The robustness of conclusions is tested for the PDG(prisoners' dilemma game) on square lattice and WS small world network. We find that cooperation can be promoted by this typical mechanism, especially, it can diffuse and prevail more easily and rapidly on the WS small world network than it on the square lattice, even if a big temptation to defect b. Our research provides a feasible direction to resolve the social dilemma.展开更多
Figs(Ficus, Moraceae) and their pollinating fig wasps(Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) are a striking example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. Agaonid females enter the figs to lay their eggs,but also activ...Figs(Ficus, Moraceae) and their pollinating fig wasps(Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) are a striking example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. Agaonid females enter the figs to lay their eggs,but also actively or passively transport pollen into the figs at the same time. We examined eight related fig tree species pollinated by host specific Eupristina agaonids to determine the relationships between pollination mode, host pollen, ovule ratios and the ability of the figs to recruit additional non-agaonid pollinators. Uniquely amongst the eight Eupristina species, the pollinator of Ficus curtipes has nonfunctional pollen pockets and no coxal combs, showing that it pollinates passively. Reflecting this, the anther-to-ovule ratio of F. curtipes is unusually high.In addition to the agaonids, figs support many species of 'non-pollinating fig wasps'(NPFW) that are typically ovule gallers or parasitoids. These mainly oviposit from outside the figs but there are a few species of NPFW that are like agaonids and enter the figs to oviposit. Two of the eight Eupristina pollinated fig trees support host specific internally-ovipositing fig wasps belonging to the chalcidoid genera Diaziella(Sycoecinae) and Lipothymus(Otitesellinae). Reflecting the trees' pollination modes, these fig wasps act as supplementary pollinators of F. curtipes, but not of Ficus glaberrima, where agaonid pollination is active.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Project of Xiangjiang Laboratory(22XJ02003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122093,72071205)。
文摘Most multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MMEAs)aim to find all global Pareto optimal sets(PSs)for a multimodal multi-objective optimization problem(MMOP).However,in real-world problems,decision makers(DMs)may be also interested in local PSs.Also,searching for both global and local PSs is more general in view of dealing with MMOPs,which can be seen as generalized MMOPs.Moreover,most state-of-theart MMEAs exhibit poor convergence on high-dimension MMOPs and are unable to deal with constrained MMOPs.To address the above issues,we present a novel multimodal multiobjective coevolutionary algorithm(Co MMEA)to better produce both global and local PSs,and simultaneously,to improve the convergence performance in dealing with high-dimension MMOPs.Specifically,the Co MMEA introduces two archives to the search process,and coevolves them simultaneously through effective knowledge transfer.The convergence archive assists the Co MMEA to quickly approach the Pareto optimal front.The knowledge of the converged solutions is then transferred to the diversity archive which utilizes the local convergence indicator and the-dominance-based method to obtain global and local PSs effectively.Experimental results show that Co MMEA is competitive compared to seven state-of-the-art MMEAs on fifty-four complex MMOPs.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41372019)the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20110061110051)
文摘A comprehensive compilation and systematic analysis of known early and middle Permian brachiopod faunas shows that the early Permian brachiopod faunas comprise three realms, six regions, and eleven provinces, while those of the middle Permian comprise three realms, four regions, and eight provinces. A comparison and analysis of brachiopod faunal patterns reveal a coevolution between global brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography during the early-middle Permian. Although temperature/latitude is the main factor controlling the formation of three realms, tectonopaleogeographic factors determine the temperature/latitude in which the continents were located. The 'continental barrier' of Pangea, as a 'central axis' continent, divided the three realms into six regions, which indicates that the formation of biogeographic regions was controlled mainly by the tectonopaleogeographic factors. The evolution of tectonopaleogeography was sometimes a long-term process, so that the biogeographic regions(or provinces) controlled by tectonopaleogeography displayed relative stability. Shifts in the nature of biogeographic provinces(e.g., from cool water to warm water, and vice versa), extensions or narrowing of geographical ranges, and recombinations of some provinces were all related to regional tectonic evolution. The study of the coevolution between brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography not only accounts for the formation mechanisms of brachiopod paleobiogeographic patterns during the early-middle Permian, but also provides evidences for the locations and configurations of oceans and plates(blocks) during this period.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270042)Youth Professor Project of CIB(Y3B3011)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2C3011)Open Fund of the Hainan Province Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology(Hainan Normal University) to J.C.National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372217) to G.F.
文摘Male signaling influences both female choice and male-male competition. Although male signaling characteristics and female preferences have been shown to coevolve in many species, few studies have examined whether male signal characteristics and male receiver responses related to male-male competition also coevolve. The present study tested the hypothesis that male and female signal receiver preferences may coevolve in parallel for flogs in the genus Babina by comparing the acoustic structure of male advertisement calls of four closely related and geographically isolated Babina species. Then we assessed the behavioral responses of both male and female B. daunchina (Emei music frog) to male call playbacks from each of the four species. The results support the hypothesis that male and female signal receiver preferences have coevolved in this species. Specifically, both male and female B. daunchina respond strongly to the heterospecific calls of B. hainanensis, suggesting that preexisting biases exist in both females and males. Both male and female individuals showed a slight response to the calls of B. adenopleura while no response was evoked by the calls ofB. lini. The manifestation of similar response profiles in male and female B. daunchina to the calls of the four species support the idea that male and female signal receiver preferences evolved in parallel and that the origin of these receiver biases reflects adaptations dependent on the same neural and cognitive systems in both sexes.
文摘Due to the turbulent external business environment, the complexity of internal relations of the organization and the emergence of subversive IT roles, the business-IT alignment(BITA)has become increasingly difficult. The unsuccessful realization of BITA will lead to the waste of organizational resources, the reduction of return on investment and eventually the loss of competitive advantage. In recent years, coevolution has received widespread attention due to its ability to describe the dynamic relationship between IT and business. Multiple principles such as quickening learning action loops and adopt suitable organizing principles for achieving business and IT coevolution(BITC) are obtained. However, the continuous BITC is still hard to be achieved because of the lack of complete BITC management. This paper focuses on the management process of the BITC and how to perform it gradually. A coevolution framework combines the enterprise architecture(EA) approach with the coevolution analysis is proposed, which contains the design of EA, the sensing and governance of the misalignment and the procedure of the EA misalignment prevention.The steps for the governance and prevention of misalignment are discussed in particular. Through comparison with the principles,characteristics and methods of coevolution in the literature, the proposed framework is evaluated. The results show that the proposed framework is effective for BITC implementation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0505500 to L.N.C., 2017YFC0909502 to J.S.Z.)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB38040400 to L.N.C., XDB13000000 to W.W.)+3 种基金National Science Foundation of China (12131020 and 31930022 to L.N.C, 61602460 to J.S.Z.)Major Key Project of PCL (PCL2021A12 to L.N.C.)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(2021B0909050004 and 2021B0909060002 to L.N.C.)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC007 to W.W.)。
文摘The divergence and continuous evolution of plants and animals contribute to ecological diversity.Promoters and transcription factors(TFs) are key determinants of gene regulation and transcription throughoutlife.However,theevolutionary trajectories and relationships of promoters and TFs are still poorly understood. Here, we conducted extensive analysis of large-scale multi-omics sequences in 420 animal species and 223 plant species spanning nearly a billion years of evolutionary history. Results showed that promoter GC-contentandTFisoelectricpoints,as features/signatures that accompany long biological evolution, exhibited increasing growth in animal cells but a decreasing trend in plant cells. Furthermore, the evolutionary trajectories of promoter and TF signatures in the animal kingdom provided further evidence that Mammalia as well as Aves evolved directly from the ancestor Reptilia. The strong correlation between promoter and TF signatures indicates that promoters and TFs formed antagonistic coevolution in the animal kingdom, but mutualistic coevolution in the plant kingdom. The distinct coevolutionary patterns potentially drive the plant-animal divergence, divergent evolution and ecological diversity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31672303 to CY).
文摘The mutually antagonistic processes producing adaptations and counter-adaptations in avian brood parasites and their hosts provide a model system for the study of coevolution;this topic has long been an area of focus in ornithology and evolutionary biology.Although there is an extensive body of literature dealing with avian brood parasitism,few empirical studies have considered the effects of the coevolutionary processes associated with brood parasitism on the acoustic characteristics of parent–offspring communication.Under the strong selection pressures associated with brood parasitism,parasitic birds may,for instance,produce deceptive songs.The host may in turn evolve the ability to recognize these sounds as deceptive.At present,the mechanisms underlying the different competitive strategies employed by hosts and parasitic birds remain unclear.Here,we reviewed previous studies that investigated acoustic traits in scenarios of brood parasitism,highlighting possible adaptive functions.Using a meta-analysis,we identified no heterogeneity among studies of begging call adaptations in parasitic nestlings.However,our results may have been affected by the small number of applicable papers available for analysis.Our meta-analysis also suggested that studies of acoustic communication and transmission in adult hosts were highly heterogenous,suggesting that research methods were inconsistent among studies.Finally,we identified knowledge gaps and proposed several lines of future research.
文摘Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B)technology can eliminate the blind spots of terrestrial ADS-B systems because of its global coverage capability.However,the space-based ADS-B system faces new problems such as extremely low Signal-toNoise Ratio(SNR)and serious co-channel interference,which result in long update intervals.To minimize the position message update interval at an update probability of 95%with full coverage constraint,this paper presents an optimization model of digital multi-beamforming for space-based ADS-B.Then,a coevolution method DECCG_A&A is proposed to enhance the optimization efficiency by using an improved adaptive grouping strategy.The strategy is based on the locations of uncovered areas and the aircraft density under the coverage of each beam.Simulation results show that the update interval can be effectively controlled to be below 8 seconds compared with other existing methods,and DECCG_A&A is superior in convergence to the Genetic Algorithm(GA)as well as the coevolution algorithms using other grouping strategies.Overall,the proposed optimization model and method can significantly reduce the update interval,thus improving the surveillance performance of space-based ADS-B for air traffic control.
基金the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Key Project of\New Generation Articial Intelligence"under grant#2018AAA0102403National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant#U20B2071,#91948204,#T2121003,#U1913602 and#U19B2033.
文摘The aerial manipulator expands the scope of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)'s application as well as increases the di±culties in the design of the controller.To better control the aerial manipulator for di®erent trajectories tracking under di®erent conditions,a new dual-layer controller is designed in this paper.The integral backstepping sliding mode controller(IBSMC)is applied to the outer-loop controller and backstepping controller(BC)is applied to the innerloop controller.To improve the performance of the system,an improved pigeon-inspired optimization(PIO)algorithm called group coevolution and immigration pigeon-inspired optimization(GCIPIO)algorithm is proposed to optimize the controller parameters of IBSMC.GCIPIO algorithm utilizes the group coevolution and immigration mechanisms.A series of simulations are conducted to show the advantage of the proposed method.The results illustrate that the proposed method ensures the closed-loop system has less end-e®ector tracking error.
基金supported by the grants from the National Science Foundation of China(No.31071163)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No.2010CB126604)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
文摘Coevolution can be seen as the interdependency between evolutionary histories. In the context of protein evolution, functional correlation proteins are ever-present coordinated evolutionary characters without disruption of organismal integrity. As to complex system, there are two forms of protein-protein interactions in vivo, which refer to inter-complex interaction and intra-complex interaction. In this paper, we studied the difference of coevolution characters between inter-complex interaction and intra-complex interaction using "Mirror tree" method on the respiratory chain (RC) proteins. We divided the correlation coefficients of every pairwise RC proteins into two groups corresponding to the binary protein--protein interaction in intra-complex and the binary protein--protein interaction in inter-complex, respectively. A dramatical discrepancy is detected between the coevolution characters of the two sets of protein interactions (Wilcoxon test, p-value = 4.4 × 10 6). Our finding reveals some critical information on coevolutionary study and assists the mechanical investigation of protein-protein interaction. Furthermore, the results also provide some unique clue for supramolecular organization of protein complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane. More detailed binding sites map and genome information of nuclear encoded RC proteins will be extraordinary valuable for the further mitochondria dynamics study.
基金Acknowledgements We acknowledge the financial suppor~ from the National Basic Science Program of China Project No. 2006CB705500 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grant Nos. 70471084, 10775071, 10635040, and 60676056. C. P. Zhu thanks the hospitable accommodation of Bao- Wen Li at NUS and Visitors Program of MPIPKS in Dresden, Germany.
文摘Scale-free topology and high clustering coexist in some real networks, and keep invariant for growing sizes of the systems. Previous models could hardly give out size-independent clustering with self- organized mechanism when succeeded in producing power-law degree distributions. Always ignored, some empirical statistic results display flat-head power-law behaviors. We modify our recent coevo- lutionary model to explain such phenomena with the inert property of nodes to retain small portion of unfavorable links in self-organized rewiring process. Flat-head power-law and size-independent clustering are induced as the new characteristics by this modification. In addition, a new scaling relation is found as the result of interplay between node state growth and adaptive variation of connections.
文摘The brown-headed cowbird(hereafter cowbird)is an avian brood parasite that produces an egg dissimilar to those produced by the majority of its diverse host community.The cowbird’s generic egg may result from a Jack-of-all-trades strategy;however,the evolutionary mechanisms that select for their generic eggs are unclear.Here we propose that the cowbird’s eggshell phenotypes have evolved via diffuse coevolution,which results from community-level selective pressures,rather than via pairwise coevolution that occurs between a particular host species and its brood parasite.Under diffuse coevolution the cowbird’s host community,with varying eggshell phenotypes and recognition abilities,would select for a cowbird eggshell phenotype intermediate to those of its host community.This selection is exerted by hosts that reject cowbird eggs,rather than those that accept them;therefore,we expect cowbird eggshell colors can be approximated by both the phenotypes and rejection abilities of their host community.Here we use eggshell reflectance data from 43 host species to demonstrate that the cowbird eggshell phenotypes are reasonably predicted(within 2 just noticeable differences)by the eggshell phenotypes and rejection rates of their hosts.These findings suggest that cowbird eggshell phenotypes,and potentially those of other some generalist parasites,may evolve via diffuse coevolution.Importantly,this research provides insight into the underlying evolutionary processes that explain observed phenotypic variation and provides a framework for studying selection on both specialist and generalist parasites’traits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41702011 and Grant No. 41372019)。
文摘The global brachiopod palaeobiogeography of the Mississippian is divided into three realms, six regions, and eight provinces, while that of the Pennsylvanian is divided into three realms, six regions, and nine provinces. On this basis,we examined coevolutionary relationships between brachiopod palaeobiogeography and tectonopalaeogeography using a comparative approach spanning the Carboniferous. The appearance of the Boreal Realm in the Mississippian was closely related to movements of the northern plates into middle–high latitudes. From the Mississippian to the Pennsylvanian, the palaeobiogeography of Australia transitioned from the Tethys Realm to the Gondwana Realm,which is related to the southward movement of eastern Gondwana from middle to high southern latitudes. The transition of the Yukon–Pechora area from the Tethys Realm to the Boreal Realm was associated with the northward movement of Laurussia, whose northern margin entered middle–high northern latitudes then. The formation of the six palaeobiogeographic regions of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian brachiopods was directly related to "continental barriers", which resulted in the geographical isolation of each region. The barriers resulted from the configurations of Siberia, Gondwana, and Laurussia, which supported the Boreal, Tethys, and Gondwana realms, respectively. During the late Late Devonian–Early Mississippian, the Rheic seaway closed and North America(from Laurussia) joined with South America and Africa(from Gondwana), such that the function of "continental barriers" was strengthened and the differentiation of eastern and western regions of the Tethys Realm became more distinct. In the Barents Ocean tectonic domain during the Pennsylvanian, the brachiopods on the northern margin of the Barents Ocean formed the Verkhoyansk–Taymyr Province, while those on the southern margin formed the Yukon–Pechora Province. The Mongolia–Okhotsk Province was formed by brachiopods of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean tectonic domain. The Northern Margin of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean Province and the Southern Margin of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean Province were formed, respectively, by brachiopods on the northern and southern margins of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean tectonic domain. South China and Southeast Asia were dissociated from the major continental blocks mentioned above, and formed the South China Province.
基金This project received funding(to Hongying Sun)from the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471972 and 31772427).
文摘One of the most striking radiations in brachyuran evolution is the considerable morphological diversification of the external reproductive structures of primary freshwater crabs:the male first gonopod(G1)and the female vulva(FV).However,the lack of quantitative studies,especially the lack of data on female genitalia,has seriously limited our understanding of genital evolution in these lineages.Here we examined 69 species of the large Chinese potamid freshwater crab genus Sinopotamon Bott,1967(more than 80%of the described species).We used a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach to analyze variation in the shape of the G1 and FV,and to compare the relative degree of variability of the genitalia with non-reproductive structures(the third maxillipeds).We found rapid divergent evolution of the genitalia among species of Sinopotamon when compared to non-reproductive traits.In addition,the reconstruction of ancestral groundplans,together with plotting analyses,indicated that the FV show the most rapid divergence,and that changes in FV traits correlate with changes in G1 traits.Here we provide new evidence for coevolution between the male and female external genitalia of Sinopotamon that has likely contributed to rapid divergent evolution and an associated burst of speciation in this lineage.
文摘Wherever the first life originated, the Earth has grown organisms. The Earth provides life with all the basicelements required for the composition and growth of life. And of more importance is that the Earth has
文摘In the case of on-line action role-playing game, the combat strategies can be divided into three distinct classes, Strategy of Motion(SM), Strategy of Attacking Occasion (SAO) and Strategy of Using Skill (SUS). In this paper, we analyze such strategies of a basic game model in which the combat is modeled by the discrete competitive Markov decision process. By introducing the chase model and the combat assistant technology, we identify the optimal SM and the optimal SAO, successfully. Also, we propose an evolutionary framework, including integration with competitive coevolution and cooperative coevolution, to search the optimal SUS pair which is regarded as the Nash equilibrium point of the strategy space. Moreover, some experiments are made to demonstrate that the proposed framework has the ability to find the optimal SUS pair. Furthermore, from the results, it is shown that using cooperative coevolutionary algorithm is much more efficient than using simple evolutionary algorithm.
文摘The study of mutualistic plant and animal networks is an emerging field of ecological research. We reviewed progress in this field over the past 30 years. While earlier studies mostly focused on network structure, stability, and biodiversity maintenance, recent studies have investigated the conservation implications of mutualistic networks, specifically the influence of invasive species and how networks respond to habitat loss. Current research has also focused on evolutionary questions including phylogenetic signal in networks, impact of networks on the coevolution of interacting partners, and network influences on the evolution of interacting species. We outline some directions for future research, particularly the evolution of specialization in mutualistic networks, and provide concrete recommendations for environmental managers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31472013 and 31772453 to WL,31672303 to CY,31460567 to AJ)The Research Council of Norway(218144 to BGS and FF)
文摘Background:Our knowledge of avian brood parasitism is primarily based on studies of a few selected species.Recently,researchers have targeted a wider range of host–parasite systems,which has allowed further evaluation of hypotheses derived from well-known study systems but also disclosed adaptations that were previously unknown.Here we present developmental and behavioral data on the previously undescribed Plaintive Cuckoo(Cacomantis merulinus) nestling and one of its hosts,the Common Tailorbird(Orthotomus sutorius).Methods:We discovered more than 80 Common Tailorbird nests within an area of 25 km2,and we recorded nestling characteristics,body mass,tarsus length and begging display every 3 days for both species.Results:Plaintive Cuckoo nestlings followed a developmental pathway that was relatively similar to that of their well-studied relative,the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).Tailorbird foster siblings were evicted from the nest rim.The cuckoo nestlings gained weight faster than host nestlings,and required 3–9 days longer time to fledge than host nestlings.Predation was high during the early stages of development,but the nestlings acquired a warning display around 11 days in the nest,after which none of the studied cuckoo nestlings were depredated.The cuckoos' begging display,which appeared more intense than that of host nestlings,was initially vocally similar with that of the host nestlings but began to diverge from the host sound output after day 9.Conclusions:The developmental data on Plaintive Cuckoo nestlings and their tailorbird host builds an important foundation for future work on the co-evolutionary interactions in this parasite–host system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61673096)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.N160602002)+1 种基金the Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.16YJC630118)the Project of Promoting Talents in Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.XLYC1807033)
文摘Exploring the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in social dilemma is valuable and it arises considerable concerns of many researchers. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to promote cooperation, called benefit community,in which cooperators linking together form a common benefit community and all their payoffs obtained from game are divided coequally. The robustness of conclusions is tested for the PDG(prisoners' dilemma game) on square lattice and WS small world network. We find that cooperation can be promoted by this typical mechanism, especially, it can diffuse and prevail more easily and rapidly on the WS small world network than it on the square lattice, even if a big temptation to defect b. Our research provides a feasible direction to resolve the social dilemma.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571507,30670358)
文摘Figs(Ficus, Moraceae) and their pollinating fig wasps(Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) are a striking example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. Agaonid females enter the figs to lay their eggs,but also actively or passively transport pollen into the figs at the same time. We examined eight related fig tree species pollinated by host specific Eupristina agaonids to determine the relationships between pollination mode, host pollen, ovule ratios and the ability of the figs to recruit additional non-agaonid pollinators. Uniquely amongst the eight Eupristina species, the pollinator of Ficus curtipes has nonfunctional pollen pockets and no coxal combs, showing that it pollinates passively. Reflecting this, the anther-to-ovule ratio of F. curtipes is unusually high.In addition to the agaonids, figs support many species of 'non-pollinating fig wasps'(NPFW) that are typically ovule gallers or parasitoids. These mainly oviposit from outside the figs but there are a few species of NPFW that are like agaonids and enter the figs to oviposit. Two of the eight Eupristina pollinated fig trees support host specific internally-ovipositing fig wasps belonging to the chalcidoid genera Diaziella(Sycoecinae) and Lipothymus(Otitesellinae). Reflecting the trees' pollination modes, these fig wasps act as supplementary pollinators of F. curtipes, but not of Ficus glaberrima, where agaonid pollination is active.