Effect of exogenous free N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine on diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction:neuroinflammation,and metabolic disorders

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has already been attracted considerable attention.Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)from daily diets are thought to be a vital contributor to the development of this diseases.However,the effect of one of the best-characterized exogenous AGEs N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML)on cognitive function is not fully reported.In the present study,diabetical Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats were treated with free CML for 8-weeks.It was found that oral consumption of exogenous CML significantly aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral test.In details,exogenous CML increased levels of oxidative stress,promoted the activation of glial cells in the brain,up-regulated the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6,inhibited the protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thus led to neuroinflammation.Furthermore,exogenous CML promoted the amyloidogenesis in the brain of GK rats,and inhibited the expression of GLUT4.Additionally,several tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamate-glutamine/γ-aminobutyric acid cycle intermediates including pyruvate,succinic acid,glutamine,glutamate were significantly changed in brain of GK rats treated with exogenous free CML.In conclusion,exogenous free CML is a potentially noxious compounds led to aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction which could be possibly explained by its effects on neuroinflammation,energy and neurotransmitter amino acid homeostasis.

On the Student-Orientation of Teachers'Beliefs from Cognitive Perspective

At present, teachers'belief is an exploring topic to the linguists, educationists, and psychologists. Teachers'beliefs not only influence the teaching's attitudes and methods but also the student's interests, abilities and motivation. This thesis attempts to analyze the form, the development, the significance of teacher's beliefs from cognitive perspective. It also analyzes the relation between teacher's beliefs and class and the relation between teacher's beliefs and students to improve the emphasis on teacher's beliefs.

Cognitive amplify-and-forward dual-hop relay networks over α-μ fading channels

This paper provides an analytic performance evaluation of dual-hop cognitive amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying networks over independent nonidentically distributed (i.n.i.d.) fading channels. Two different transmit power constraint strategies at the secondary network are proposed to investigate the performance of the secondary network. In the case of combined power constraint,the maximum tolerable interference power on the primary network and the maximum transmit power at the secondary network are considered. Closed-form lower bound and its asymptotic expression for the outage probability (OP) are achieved. Utilizing the above results,average symbol error probability (ABEP) at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are also derived. In order to further study the performance of dual-hop cognitive AF relaying networks,the Closed-form lower bounds and asymptotic expressions for OP with single power constraint of the tolerable interference on the primary network is also obtained. Both analytical and simulation are employed to validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. The results show that the secondary network obtains a better performance when higher power constraint is employed.

Transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films constructed by oblique oriented nano-flake crystals

In the present work,transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films were prepared on glass substrates using a novel developed process.The process entails a simple in-situ sol–gel followed by vapor phase transport.The in-situ sol–gel process was implemented by coating the precursor sols for the synthesis of AlPO4-5 on the glass substrates successively using the spin-coating method.The films and powders scribed from the films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscope(AFM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The unique films were composed of oblique oriented nanoflake AlPO_(4)-5 crystals with the thickness of about 20 nm.The formation of nano-flake crystals can be ascribed to the high concentration of the precursors,resulting in the formation of a supersaturation system.The obtained films showed high antifogging performance due to the superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of lower than 1.0°.The silicone oil contact angle was also low about 8.2°.In addition,heteroatom-substituted AlPO_(4)-5 films showing different colors can be obtained easily by simply adding transition metal ions in the phosphate acid solution during the preparation that can extend the application of the method for different coating demand.

ω-3PUFAs Prevent MK-801-induced Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenic Rats via the CREB/BDNF/TrkB Pathway

This study was to determine the protective effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids（ω-3PUFAs） on MK-801-induced cognitive impairment in schizophrenia（SZ） rats and the underlying mechanism. A rat model of schizophrenia was induced by MK-801. The cognitive function of rats was assessed using a Morris water maze. The number of hippocampal neurons was measured by Nissl staining. The expression of CREB, p-CREB, BDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK in the hippocampus of rats was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that ω-3PUFAs attenuated MK-801-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal neurons loss, reversed the injury of the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway induced by MK-801, and antagonized MK-801-induced down-regulation of p-AKT and p-ERK in the hippocampus of rats. In conclusion, ω-3PUFAs enhances the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway by activating ERK and AKT, thereby increasing the synaptic plasticity and decreasing neuron loss, and antagonizing MK-801-induced cognitive impairment in schizophrenic rats.

Lychee seed saponins improve cognitive function and ameliorate hippocampal neuronal injury in Alzheimer disease rat model induced by Aβ_(25-35) through AKT/GSK3β pathway

OBJECTIVE Lychee seed,a famous traditional Chinese medicine,recently were reported to improve the learning and memory abilities in mice.However,it is still unclear whether lychee seed saponins(LSS)can improve the cognitive function and associated mechanisms.METHODS In present studies,we established the Alzheimer disease(AD)model by injecting Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricle of rats.Then the spatial learning and memory abilities of LSS-treated rats were evaluated with the Morris water maze,meanwhile the protein expressions of AKT,GSK3β and Tau in the hippocampal neuron were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS The results showed LSS can improve the cognitive functions of AD rats through shortening the escape latency,increasing the number across the platform,platform quadrant dwell time and the percentage of the total distance run platform quadrant.The protein expression of AKT was significantly up-regulated and that of GSK3β and Tau were decreased remarkably in the hippocampal CA1 area.CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show that LSS significantly improve the cognitive function and prevent hippocampal neuronal injury of the rats with AD by activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway,suggesting LSS may be developed into the nutrient supplement for the treatment of AD.

The Role of Life Orientation and Cognitive Regulation on Decreasing Job Stress

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between life orientation and cognitive emotion regulation with job stress. On this basis, a sample of 100 employees working in Guilan Education Office was used and research hypotheses were examined by job stress, life orientation and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that job stress has a significant relationship with life orientation (-0.32), self-blame (0.25), rumination (-0.36), positive refocusing (0.25), positive refocusing on program (-0.21), positive reappraisal (-0.28), catastrophizing (-0.39) and other blames (-0.25). Furthermore, life orientation and cognitive regulation could explain 22% variances in respondents’ job stress. This finding indicates that more positive life orientation and subsequent decrease of emotion-regulation-related disorders will lead to less job stress.

Photo-polymerization of liquid crystalline monomer in oriented liquid crystal phase

A new approach to synthesize liquid crystalline polymer with narrow polydispersity index（PDI） was developed.Photopolymerization of 4-cyanophenyl-4＇-（6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy）benzoate（RM23） in nematic liquid crystals with macroscopic orientation was studied.The effects of the monomer concentration on the molecular weight and PDI of the resulting polymers were studied through gel permeation chromatography（GPC） and polarized optical microscopy.The low PDI of 1.19 and 1.22 was obtained in the reverse and normal modes,respectively.The PDI and molecular weight increased with monomer concentration.

Expression of miR-9-5p and RHOA in aluminum-induced rat cognitive dysfunction

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of microRNA-9-5p(miR-9-5p)and Ras homologous gene family A(RHOA)in aluminum-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.Methods:According to the principle of randomization,48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=12)of blank control,low dose,medium dose and high dose.The blank control group was gavaged daily saline,and the other three dose groups were given daily gavage AlCl3 aqueous solution at three doses of 25 mg/kg,50 mg/kg,and 100 mg/kg to create a rat model of cognitive impairment for three months.The water maze(MWM)positioning navigation experiment was used to record the time t(s),namely,the incubation period,on the platform of rats,and the incubation period of each group was used to determine whether the rats in the infected group had learning and memory impairment.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Nissl stains observed the pathological changes of nerve cells in the hippocampus of the four groups.Western blot detected the protein expression levels of RHOA and cranial neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in fresh rat hippocampal tissues.RT-qPCR detected the mRNA expression of miR-9-5p,RHOA,and BDNF in rat hippocampal tissues.Results:The results of Morris water maze positioning navigation test showed that the incubation period of each group was calculated on the 1st,3rd and 5th days of the experiment,and the motor incubation period of the infected group was higher than that of the control group.The results of HE staining showed that the rat nerve cells in the control group were morphologically intact,the staining was clear,the nucleus was clearly visible,and the edge of the cell membrane was sharp.The rat neurons in the infected group were damaged to varying degrees,the nucleus gradually dissolved,the cytoplasmic staining became deeper,the edges of the cell membrane were blurred and disordered,and the cells were deformed and arranged disordered.The results of Nissl staining showed that the well-stained Nissl body particles were visible in the nerve cells of rats in the control group,and the dissipation of Nissl bodies in the nerve cells of the infected group was reduced,and the staining was shallow.The results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with the control group,the mRNA expression of miR-9-5p and BDNF was decreased in the infected group,and the mRNA expression of RHOA was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.001).The Western blot results showed that compared with the control group,the relative expression of BDNF in the three infected groups was decreased,and the relative expression of RHOA increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:In aluminum-induced cognitive impairment,miR-9-5p is downregulated and RHOA is upregulatd.

THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ICAI COGNITIVE MODEL BASED ON MEANING

Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to be learned.So,ICAI cognitive models should reflect the meaning structure of the domain knowledge in students mind.According to this view,we developed the meaning theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein,and proposed the concept of meaning conjoinism.On the basis of the meaning conjoinism we proposed a meaning oriented ICAI cognitive model and its corresponding teaching tactics.Furthermore,we developed an ICAI system named Thinking and the efficiency of our proposal has been demonstrated.

语言中“近取诸身”与“Me-First Orientation”的认知比较研究

"近取诸身"是中国古人许慎提出的,"Me-First Orientation"是当代英国人Cooper&Ross提出的,是认知方式,也是语言现象。"近取诸身"的认知方式主要是隐喻和转喻,"Me-First Orientation"主要是以典型人物作为概念参照点;"近取诸身"语言现象表现为人体或与人体相关的词用于其它事物,因而是词义发展的动因;"Me-First O-rientation"则为解释语言中一些词汇固定的顺序提供了解释依据。

基于E-cognition的面向对象的高分辨率遥感图像分类研究

高分辨率遥感影像具有丰富的空间以及纹理信息,而光谱信息较弱,若采用传统的基于像元的分类方法,仅从光谱特征出发,在进行图像处理时能够获取的信息有限,导致分类精度较低。为了能够更精确地对图像进行分类,文中利用专业的软件E-cognition采用面向对象的方法对高分辨率影像先进行多尺度分割和光谱辅助分割,之后选取合适的特征空间对河海大学遥感影像进行分类,并利用总体分类精度和Kappa系数等标准对分类精度进行客观评价。实验表明,面向对象的分类方法精度较高。

南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏成藏模式及有利区预测

通过岩心观察、地震解释、储层反演、原油地化分析、油源对比、油气运移示踪分析等对南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块典型构造-岩性复合油藏的成藏规律进行了分析,并指出了下一步的有利勘探方向。研究结果表明:①Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏整体为西倾和西南倾单斜构造,局部发育鼻隆,油藏目的层为白垩系Napo组M1ss段,砂体呈北西—南东向,储层厚度大、物性好。②研究区河口湾砂坝控制有利储层分布,W区块平稳的西倾和西南倾单斜鼻隆构造背景与NW—SE走向的泥岩条带配合控制圈闭形成,有效油气运移通道的空间展布控制成藏。③构造-岩性油藏为三阶段成藏模式,早期常规原油充注,中期原油遭受降解,晚期常规原油混合降稠。④W区块南部地区2个泥岩条带的西南部位是W区块构造-岩性复合圈闭的有利发育区。

认知-信念-行为导向性护理对子宫颈癌根治术患者认知水平及术后康复的影响

目的:探讨认知-信念-行为导向性护理对子宫颈癌根治术患者认知水平及术后康复的影响。方法:将厦门医学院附属第二医院2022年7月—2024年7月收治的84例子宫颈癌根治术患者按随机数字表法分为对照组(给予常规护理)与观察组(给予认知-信念-行为导向性护理),每组42例,两组均持续干预2周,比较两组的认知水平、自我管理效能、康复时间及盆底功能障碍情况。结果:干预后,两组认知水平各项评分、癌症自我管理效能量表(SUPPH)各维度评分和总分均高于干预前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组肛门排气时间、下床活动时间均早于对照组,留置尿管时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,两组的盆底功能障碍简表(PFDI-20)各维度评分均较干预前升高,但观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:认知-信念-行为导向性护理能够提高子宫颈癌根治术患者认知水平,增强患者自我管理效能,加快患者术后康复,减轻患者术后盆底功能障碍。

姿态能力最优的2PUR-PSR并联机构尺度综合

以两转动一移动2PUR-PSR并联机构为研究对象,应用智能算法求解机构尺度参数优化设计问题。为提高机构的姿态能力,将其动平台输出轴设置为偏置形式。采用方位角和倾摆角描述动平台轴线姿态,建立机构位置反解数学模型。以旋量理论为工具,建立机构运动/力传递性能评价指标,给出优质传递姿态工作空间和优质传递姿态能力(Good Transmission Orientational Capability,GTOC)定义和计算方法。以GTOC最大为目标,建立机构尺度参数约束优化设计模型,并应用混合社会认知优化(Hybrid Social Cognitive Optimization,HSCO)算法求解该问题。给出机构尺度优化设计实例,结果表明,模型和算法可行有效。还比较了社会认知优化(Social Cognitive Optimization,SCO)、粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)、差分进化(Differential Evolution,DE)和HSCO算法求解该机构综合实例的优化性能,数值试验显示,HSCO算法的计算效率优于SCO,PSO和DE算法。

“结构-定向”理论在实验教学中的应用

"结构-定向"理论是我国教育心理学家冯忠良教授提出的具有完整科学体系的教学理论,其目的是提高教学效果。本文在简要介绍"结构-定向"理论结构化和定向化教学观点的基础上,从重构实验教学的认知结构和多种教法结合、定向发展两方面研究其在生物实验教学中的应用,并阐述实现"结构-定向"教学应注意的问题。

Breeding of a New Cucumber F_1 Hybrid ‘Oriental Show’

‘Oriental Show’ is a generation of new cucumber variety, with the superi-or inbred line ‘101’ as the female parent and inbred line ‘102’ as the male par-ent. The growth vigor tends to be strong and the first female blossom produces on the 4th or the 5th internode. Fruit is 34 cm long and 32 cm in transverse diameter. Per fruit weighs about 230 g. lt is dark green, densely covered with thorns. lt tastes crisp, containing 167.7 mg/kg Vc, and it is resistant to downy mildew, pow-dery mildew and bacterial angular leaf spot disease. lt is yielding and tolerant to low temperature and weak luminance. The yield can be as high as over 112 443.778 kg/hm^2, and ‘Oriental Show’ is suitable to be cultivated in greenhouses in early spring or solar greenhouses in north China or Henan province.

国内构式语法研究的动态可视化分析(1999-2020):热点与趋势

为厘清国内构式语法研究的载文结构和研究态势,以1999-2020年间中国知网CNKI文献为数据来源,主要运用CiteSpaceⅢ文献计量可视化软件,绘制国内构式语法研究的科学知识图谱。梳理出构式语法研究的基本情况、热点及研究取向。结果表明:国内构式语法研究作为汉语研究的热点领域,已形成了汉语构式理论建构、汉语构式分析及对外汉语教学应用实践三个热点研究维度。基于研究结果,认为国内构式语法研究应拓展研究范围、推进理论体系建构、加强学科互动和成果转化与应用,以期形成持续研究、纵深发展、理论成熟的汉语构式语法研究新前景。

Design of Text-based Questions from the Study of Typology of Questions

Questions can be classified from different perspectives： grammatical form, communicative value, content orientation and cognitive level. In language pedagogy, text-based questioning as both an attention drawing device and a form of learning tasks serves text instruction. Therefore, language teachers preparing text-based questioning should take into consideration all dimensions of questions, especially cognitive requirement and communicative character. In addition, interaction between learner, text and the world can be achieved by the adoption of both about-the-text and beyond-the-text questions in teachers＇ text-based question construction.

基于认知-信念-行为导向性护理干预在脑动脉瘤栓塞患者护理中的应用价值

目的研究基于认知-信念-行为导向性护理干预在脑动脉瘤栓塞患者护理中应用价值。方法回顾性选取2019年1月至2020年12月于福建中医药大学附属龙岩人民医院收治的84例脑动脉瘤栓塞患者资料进行研究,按照护理方案的不同将其分为对照组(实施常规护理干预)与观察组(实施基于认知-信念-行为导向性护理干预),每组各42例。比较两组健康宣教知识掌握程度、服药依从性以及生存质量评分。结果观察组健康宣教知识掌握率为95.24%,高于对照组的78.57%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组服药依从性高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组简明健康调查问卷表(SF-36)各维度(心理职能、生理机能、身体症状、社会功能)平均分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于认知-信念-行为导向性护理干预在脑动脉瘤栓塞患者护理中有较好的应用效果,可有效提高患者的健康知识掌握程度,提高患者服用依从性,并促进其生存质量的改善。