A Contemporary Cognitive Analysis of Metaphor

Basing itself on the cognitive theory of metaphor proposed by Lakoff and Johnson,this paper elaborates the important views that make this theory of metaphor unique,namely,the definition of metaphor as a mapping across conceptual domains,the distinction drawn between conceptual metaphors(or metaphorical concepts) and linguistic metaphors(or metaphorical expressions),the classification and features of conceptual metaphor and the experiential basis of conceptual metaphor as distinguished from both subjectivism and objectivism.

Analysis of Functions of Metaphor in Computer English

Metaphor is a universal language skill in daily life.It is also pervasive in computer English,which is not realized by most people.However,Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory provides us an opportunity to pay close attention to these metaphors in computer English and offers us a new way to explore and learn computer English.Based on the conceptual metaphor theory,this paper presents a cognitive analysis on the functions of metaphor in computer English,especially its cognitive function and economical function.

Brain Functional Network Changes in Patients with Poststroke Cognitive Impairment Following Acupuncture Therapy

Background: The mechanisms by which acupuncture affects poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. Objective: To investigate brain functional network (BFN) changes in patients with PSCI after acupuncture therapy. Methods: Twenty-two PSCI patients who underwent acupuncture therapy in our hospital were enrolled as research subjects. Another 14 people matched for age, sex, and education level were included in the normal control (HC) group. All the subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans;the PSCI patients underwent one scan before acupuncture therapy and another after. The network metric difference between PSCI patients and HCs was analyzed via the independent-sample t test, whereas the paired-sample t test was employed to analyze the network metric changes in PSCI patients before vs. after treatment. Results: Small-world network attributes were observed in both groups for sparsities between 0.1 and 0.28. Compared with the HC group, the PSCI group presented significantly lower values for the global topological properties (γ, Cp, and Eloc) of the brain;significantly greater values for the nodal attributes of betweenness centrality in the CUN. L and the HES. R, degree centrality in the SFGdor. L, PCG. L, IPL. L, and HES. R, and nodal local efficiency in the ORBsup. R, ORBsupmed. R, DCG. L, SMG. R, and TPOsup. L;and decreased degree centrality in the MFG. R, IFGoperc. R, and SOG. R. After treatment, PSCI patients presented increased degree centrality in the LING.L, LING.R, and IOG. L and nodal local efficiency in PHG. L, IOG. R, FFG. L, and the HES. L, and decreased betweenness centrality in the PCG. L and CUN. L, degree centrality in the ORBsupmed. R, and nodal local efficiency in ANG. R. Conclusion: Cognitive decline in PSCI patients may be related to BFN disorders;acupuncture therapy may modulate the topological properties of the BFNs of PSCI patients.

Conceptual Metaphor in Computer English

With the development of cognitive linguistics,a traditional view on metaphor that metaphor is a figure of speech has been challenged.A new cognitive view has taken its place:metaphor is not just a language phenomenon,but a "cognitive instrument" in nature.Metaphor has played an important role in understanding computer English and transferring scientific concepts.This thesis aims at making a systematic study on computer metaphors through the conceptual metaphor theory by taking screen English of computer as linguistic materials,and showing that conceptual metaphors can efficiently help people to understand and remember computer lexicons and expressions.

Atlas-based deep gray matter and white matter analysis in Alzheimer's disease: diffusion abnormality and correlation with cognitive function

Objective To identify the diffusion alterations of deep gray matter(GM)and white matter(WM)among Alzheimer’s disease(AD),mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and healthy people by atlas-based analysis(ABA),and to investigate the respective relationship with cognitive function.Methods Twenty-one AD patients(AD group),8 MCI patients(MCI group)and

Acupuncture enhances brain function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: evidence from a functional-near infrared spectroscopy study

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease.It is imperative to develop a proper treatment for this neurological disease in the aging society.This observational study investigated the effects of acupuncture therapy on MCI patients.Eleven healthy individuals and eleven MCI patients were recruited for this study.Oxy-and deoxy-hemoglobin signals in the prefrontal cortex during working-memory tasks were monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Before acupuncture treatment,working-memory experiments were conducted for healthy control(HC)and MCI groups(MCI-0),followed by 24 sessions of acupuncture for the MCI group.The acupuncture sessions were initially carried out for 6 weeks(two sessions per week),after which experiments were performed again on the MCI group(MCI-1).This was followed by another set of acupuncture sessions that also lasted for 6 weeks,after which the experiments were repeated on the MCI group(MCI-2).Statistical analyses of the signals and classifications based on activation maps as well as temporal features were performed.The highest classification accuracies obtained using binary connectivity maps were 85.7%HC vs.MCI-0,69.5%HC vs.MCI-1,and 61.69%HC vs.MCI-2.The classification accuracies using the temporal features mean from 5 seconds to 28 seconds and maximum(i.e,max(5:28 seconds))values were 60.6%HC vs.MCI-0,56.9%HC vs.MCI-1,and 56.4%HC vs.MCI-2.The results reveal that there was a change in the temporal characteristics of the hemodynamic response of MCI patients due to acupuncture.This was reflected by a reduction in the classification accuracy after the therapy,indicating that the patients’brain responses improved and became comparable to those of healthy subjects.A similar trend was reflected in the classification using the image feature.These results indicate that acupuncture can be used for the treatment of MCI patients.

Detection Performance Analysis of Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks with Mobile Secondary Users

The majority of existing papers about spectrum sensing have the assumption that secondary users(SUs) are stationary. However,mobility is an essential feature of mobile communications networks. In this paper,the detection performance of spectrum sensing by mobile SUs was analyzed. Three performance metrics,i.e.,detection probability,miss detection probability and false alarm probability,were thoroughly investigated. In our analysis,a critical variable was the real-time received primary user signal power by a mobile SU. Its probability distribution and mathematical expectation were analytically derived. Moreover,the three performance metrics in single-node spectrum sensing and multi-node collaborative spectrum sensing systems were also derived. Extensive simulations were performed. The results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. And it is concluded that SU mobility has a significant impact on the detection probability and the miss detection probability,but not on the false alarm probability.

Effect of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemia on Cognitive Performance in Adult Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and extent of cognitive impairment in adult diabetes mellitus（DM） patients with episodes of recurrent severe hypoglycemia, by using meta-analysis to synthesize data across studies. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library search engines were used to identify studies on cognitive performance in DM patients with recurrent severe hypoglycemia.Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on seven eligible studies using an inverse-variance method. Effect sizes, which are the standardized differences between the experimental group and the control group, were calculated. Of the 853 studies, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control subjects, the adult DM patients with episodes of recurrent severe hypoglycemia demonstrated a significantly lowered performance on memory in both types of DM patients, and poor performance of processing speed in type 2 DM patients. There was no significant difference between adult DM patients with and those without severe hypoglycemia in other cognitive domains such as general intelligence,executive function, processing speed and psychomotor efficiency. Our results seem to confirm the hypothesis that cognitive dysfunction is characterized by worse memory and processing speed in adult DM patients with a history of recurrent severe hypoglycemia, whereas general intelligence, executive function,and psychomotor efficiency are spared.

Neuropsychological Functioning after Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea:A Meta-analysis

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy(AT) for children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and the improvement of their cognitive function. Studies on cognitive performance of OSAS children treated with or without AT were identified by searching the Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library. A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the literature. The random-effects model was used to evaluate 11 eligible studies using an inverse-variance method. The neuropsychological test results of 4 cognitive domains(general intelligence, memory, attention-executive function and verbal ability) were obtained and analyzed. By comparison of cognitive function between OSAS children and healthy controls, the effect sizes of each domain were achieved as follows: general intelligence, –0.5(P<0.0001); memory, –0.18(P=0.02); attention-executive function, –0.21(P=0.002); and verbal ability, –0.48(P=0.0006). The effect sizes of general intelligence, memory, attention-executive function, and verbal ability after AT compared to baseline level were –0.37(P=0.008), –0.36(P=0.0005), –0.02(P=0.88), and –0.45(P=0.009), respectively. Comparing the cognitive ability between OSAS children after AT and healthy controls showed that the effect sizes were –0.54(P=0.0009), –0.24(P=0.12), –0.17(P=0.35), and –0.45(P=0.009) in general intelligence, memory, attention-executive function, and verbal ability, respectively. Our results confirmed that OSAS children performed worse than healthy children in terms of the 4 cognitive domains investigated. After 6–12 months of observation, significant improvement in attention-executive function and verbal ability were found in OSAS children treated with AT compared to their baseline level; restoration of attention-executive function and memory were observed in OSAS children after AT in comparison to healthy controls. Further rigorous randomized controlled trials should be conducted to obtain definitive conclusions.

Corpus-based Contrastive Analysis of“Root”Metaphor Translation in Dream of the Red Mansion

Both the study of metaphor and translation has taken an empirical turn in the past decade,corpus-based method has provided a practical and objective way for investigating metaphor translation from a comparative and cognitive perspective.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the cognitive differences in the perception of“root”between English and Chinese through a contrastive analysis of the two English translations of a Chinese classic novel—Dream of the Red Mansion,the two translations are completed by a native Chinese speaker and a native English speaker respectively.The study is divided into two parts,the first part is devoted to a contrastive analysis of typical examples selected from the data acquired from the online English-Chinese parallel corpus with the online corpus analysis tool Wmatrix,two deductions have been drawn through the analysis concerning the cognition difference in root perception:(1)the integral perception of root and a plant in Chinese VS the binary cognition in English;(2)the concreteness of“root”metaphor in Chinese VS the abstractness in“root”metaphor application in English.Then the two deductions are further demonstrated through corpus-assisted study of“root”metaphor in large online corpuses.The differences in root metaphor usage as well as the cognitive reasons behind the differences have been investigated with emphasis not only on the dominant conceptual root metaphors,but also the semantic preference of the collocated words of the metaphors.

Cognitive Radio Sensing Using Hilbert Huang Transform

Vast segments of the frequency spectrum are reserved for primary (licensed) users. These legacy users often un-der-utilize their reserved spectrum thus causing bandwidth waste. The unlicensed (secondary) users can take advantage of this fact and exploit the spectral holes (vacant spectrum segments). Since spectrum occupancy is transient in nature it is imperative that the spectral holes are identified as fast as possible. To accomplish this, we propose a novel adaptive spectrum sensing procedure. This procedure scans a wideband spectrum using Hilbert Huang Transform and detects the spectral holes present in the spectrum.

Meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat post-stroke dysfunction

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation （TMS） on post-stroke dysfunction. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of the VIP and PubMed databases was performed to identify TMS studies published between January 1989 and December 2010 using the key words ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation, stroke＂ in Chinese and English. A total of 61 articles were collected. STUDY SELECTION： Repetitive articles were excluded. Articles published recently in the authoritative journals of the same domain were selected. The full-text of selected articles was searched. A total of seven articles were randomized controlled experiments regarding the application of TMS in the treatment of post-stroke dysfunction. The methodology quality of included articles was evaluated according to standards of Cochrane Reviewer＇s Handbook system and analyzed using RevMand4.2 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Therapeutic effects and difference evaluation indices were represented by odds ratios, weighted mean difference （WMD） and 95% confidence interval （CO. Potential publication bias was described using a funnel plot. RESULTS： A total of seven randomized, controlled studies were included involving 281 patients. Following TMS treatment, meta-analysis results revealed that scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination were higher in the TMS group compared with the control group [WMD = 3.96, 95% CI （2.44, 5.49）, P = 0.08]; scores in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were significantly lower in the TMS group compared with the control group [WMD = 6.21,95% C （ 7.55, 4.87）, P = 0.92] scores in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were lower following TMS treatment compared with the control group [WMD = 0.89, 95% C （ 1.98, 0.19）, P = 0.04]. Performance of patients undergoing TMS treatment was better than the controls in the line bisection test [WMD = 0.78, 95% Cl （ 1.43,-0.12）, P = 0.005] and line cancellation test [WMD = 0.47, 95% CI （ 0.78, 0.15）, P 〈 0.000 01]. Sensitivity analysis produced identical results after eliminating articles with unknown diagnostic standards or statistical methods. CONCLUSION： TMS effectively improved post-stroke dysfunction, manifested by improved cognitive function and memory performance compared with controls.

中医传统功法在卒中后认知障碍患者中应用效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价中医传统功法对卒中后认知障碍患者的干预效果。方法利用计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库中有关中医传统功法干预卒中后认知障碍患者的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2023年12月31日,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入15项随机对照试验研究,包括918例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,中医传统功法在提高卒中后认知障碍患者的认知功能[SMD=0.86,95%CI(0.68,1.04),P<0.001]、缩短P300检测的潜伏时间[MD=-11.52,95%CI(-16.06,-6.98),P<0.001]、增加P300检测的波幅高度[MD=1.06,95%CI(0.44,1.67),P<0.001]等方面均优于对照组。结论中医传统功法可有效提高卒中后认知障碍患者的认知功能。

基于独立成分分析重症肌无力患者的静息态默认网络的功能连接改变及其与认知障碍的相关性

目的研究重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者大脑默认网络(default mode network,DMN)功能连接的改变,以及DMN和认知功能的关系。方法前瞻性纳入2020年1月至2022年12月就诊于苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科的MG患者39例,另选取同期性别、年龄、受教育年限、种族与MG患者匹配的40名健康志愿者作为健康对照组。对所有受试者进行神经心理学测试、情绪评估及静息态磁共振功能扫描。采用独立成分分析技术评估受试者大脑DMN的功能连接变化。采用Spearman相关性分析MG患者差异脑区的DMN的功能连接值与认知功能的相关性。结果MG组整体认知功能〔简易精神状态量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分〕、言语学习和记忆能力(Rey听觉词语学习测验、词语流畅性测试)、视空间功能(钟表测试)评分均较对照组降低(均P<0.01);在执行能力测试方面,MG组连线功能测试完成时间长于对照组(P<0.01);MG组汉密尔顿焦虑量表和汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。独立成分分析结果显示,MG患者的DMN内功能连接在左后扣带回比对照组减弱(P<0.05,经过FDR校正)。MG患者的DMN内左后扣带回功能连接值与MMSE评分、数字符号转换测验评分呈正相关(P<0.05),而与连线测验A和B时间呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论MG患者在整体认知功能、言语学习和记忆力、视空间功能和执行功能方面下降,在左后扣带回的DMN内功能连接减弱,差异脑区在DMN内功能连接值与认知评分存在相关性,提示MG患者的认知功能损害可能与中枢神经系统受累有关。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠结构、效率与认知功能的相关性研究

目的探讨睡眠结构、效率对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者的认知功能的影响。方法回顾性分析自2022年1月至2022年6月于承德医学院附属医院经多导睡眠监测(polysomnography,PSG)诊断为OSAHS共52例的临床资料,并选取同期于该中心行多导睡眠监测后除外OSAHS诊断的30例作为健康对照组。安排OSAHS患者及健康受试者在进行多导睡眠监测前填写蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)、Epworth嗜睡量表(Epworth sleepiness scale,ESS)。分析患者年龄、性别、微觉醒指数、睡眠后觉醒时间(Wake-time After Sleep Onset,WASO)、睡眠效率、N3期占总睡眠时间的百分比(N3/TST%)和REM期占总睡眠时间的百分比(REM/TST%)等指标与MoCA量表结果之间的相关性。以MoCA总分为因变量进行多因素逐步回归来分析认知功能下降的预测指标。结果1.OSAHS组患者与健康对照组相比,最低脉氧饱和度水平(LaSpO_(2))减低(Z=-7.290,P<0.001),AHI(Z=-7.394,P<0.001)、ESS评分(Z=-2.558,P<0.05)升高。2.与对照组相比,OSAHS患者在MoCA总分(Z=-4.405,P<0.001)、视空间与执行能力(Z=-2.818,P=0.005)、注意(Z=-2.695,P=0.007)、语言(Z=-2.476,P=0.013)、抽象(Z=-2.328,P=0.020)、延迟回忆能力(Z=-2.978,P=0.003)方面均有所下降,而命名(P=0.182)、定向能力(P=0.181)无统计学意义。3.MoCA总分与LaSpO_(2)(r=0.624,P<0.001)、N3/TST%(r=0.425,P<0.001)、REM/TST%(r=0.541,P<0.001)呈正相关,与AHI(r=-0.714,P<0.001)、微觉醒指数(r=-0.641,P<0.001)、ESS(r=-0.527,P<0.001)呈负相关。受试者的视空间与执行能力与AHI(r=-0.541,P<0.001)、ESS(r=-0.470,P<0.001)呈负相关,与LaSpO_(2)(r=0.403,P<0.001)、REM/TST%(r=0.468,P<0.001)呈正相关;注意能力与AHI(r=-0.459,P<0.001)、微觉醒指数(r=-0.562,P<0.001)呈负相关;抽象能力与REM/TST%(r=0.400,P<0.001)呈正相关;延迟回忆能力与AHI(r=-0.498,P<0.001)、ESS(r=-0.469,P<0.001)、微觉醒指数(r=-0.483,P<0.001)呈负相关,与LaSpO_(2)(r=0.441,P<0.001)呈正相关。4.通过多元逐步回归分析,以MoCA总分为因变量,以BMI、AHI、最长呼吸暂停/低通气时间、LaSpO_(2)、ESS、睡眠效率、微觉醒指数、REM/TST%、N1/TST%、N3/TST%、WASO为自变量进行多因素逐步回归分析,发现AHI(β=-0.482,P<0.001)、REM/TST%(β=0.441,P<0.001)、最长呼吸暂停/低通气时间(β=0.328,P<0.001)、LaSpO_(2)(β=0.235,P=0.033)是认知功能下降的重要预测指标。结论OSAHS患者更容易发生认知功能异常,OSAHS患者的认知功能下降与低氧、REM睡眠期减少及微觉醒次数增加相关。OSAHS患者的睡眠效率下降与认知功能障碍相关。AHI、REM/TST%、最长呼吸暂停/低通气时间、LaSpO_(2)是认知功能下降的重要预测指标。

农村老年人抑郁症状的潜在剖面及与认知功能的关系

目的探讨农村老年人抑郁症状的潜在类别及与认知功能的关系,为制定针对性的干预方案提供参考。方法使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据,纳入1953名≥60岁农村老年人。采用潜在剖面分析方法探讨农村老年人抑郁症状的潜在类别,分析不同抑郁症状潜在类别与认知功能的关系。结果农村老年人抑郁症状检出率为33.1%,认知功能障碍检出率为28.4%。农村老年人抑郁症状可分为无抑郁(67.7%)、轻度抑郁(9.7%)、重度抑郁-低害怕(12.7%)、重度抑郁-高害怕(9.8%)4个类别。与无抑郁类别相比,重度抑郁-高害怕类别的农村老年人发生认知障碍的风险更高(OR=2.290,P<0.05)。结论农村老年人抑郁症状检出率较高,且存在异质性。应关注农村老年人的抑郁情绪,及时做好心理疏导,尤其需针对重度抑郁-高害怕类别的农村老年人,降低认知障碍发生风险。

糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者亚群分类研究

目的探索糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者的潜在分类,以识别各类患者特征,为分层管理提供参考。方法采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表、精神简明状态量表、糖尿病自我管理量表对235例糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者进行调查。根据患者认知功能和自我管理特征对患者进行系统聚类确定分类数,再采用K-means进行患者分类研究及特征分析。结果糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者分为高认知低管理型、低认知低管理型、高认知型高管理和低认知高管理型4类;不同文化程度、来源、医保类型、个人月收入、低血糖发生频率患者的类别分布比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者的认知功能及自我管理能力存在异质性。建议医护人员在对患者分类的基础上,应充分考虑不同类别的特征,为患者制定个性化治疗护理方案,以预防疾病进一步发展。

脑卒中后认知障碍发病现状及相关因素分析:一项基于脑卒中全周期康复的多中心横断面研究

背景脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)会极大限制脑卒中患者各个阶段的康复,并导致患者活动参与能力和生活质量的下降。目的基于脑卒中全周期康复理念,通过调查PSCI的发病率,分析不同年龄及疾病时期下的PSCI差异及其潜在影响因素。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法,于2022年10月—2023年7月在全国不同地区27家医院的康复科住院抽取脑卒中患者进行横断面分析。根据研究标准最终纳入402例患者,根据我国统计局标准将患者分为青中年组(18~64岁,n=234)和老年组(≥65岁,n=168),根据国际卒中康复联盟定义的脑卒中恢复分期将患者分为急性期组(1~7d,n=25)、亚急性期组(8~180d,n=338)、慢性期组(>180d,n=39)。通过访谈、评估和电子病历系统收集患者的基线资料。使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估认知功能,并计算每个认知领域的得分和量表总分。使用美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)、Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)、Fugl-Meyer评定量表下肢部分(FMA-LE)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、医院焦虑抑郁量表-焦虑(HADS-A),医院焦虑抑郁量表-抑郁(HADS-D)评估患者的疾病情况和身体功能。采用Spearman秩相关分析探究不同年龄与疾病时期下PSCI与其他临床指标的相关性。结果脑卒中患者PSCI患病率为76.4%(307/402),其中老年患者PSCI患病率为81.0%(136/168),青中年患者PSCI患病率为73.1%(171/234);脑卒中急性期患者患病率为56.0%(14/25),亚急性期患者78.4%(265/338),慢性期患者71.8%(28/39);不同年龄与疾病时期分组结果显示:老年组患者视空间与执行功能、注意力、计算力、延迟回忆得分及MoCA总分比青中年组更低(P<0.05);亚急性期组患者视空间与执行功能、语言、延迟回忆得分及MoCA总分低于急性期组(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,MoCA总分与文化程度(rs=0.314)、脑卒中类型(rs=0.114)、FMA-UE(rs=0.245)、FMA-LE(rs=0.242)、BBS(rs=0.265)、MBI(rs=0.293)呈正相关(P<0.001),与性别(rs=-0.107)、年龄(rs=-0.103)、高血压史(rs=-0.112)、偏瘫侧(rs=-0.139)、病程(rs=-0.135)、NIHSS(rs=-0.107)、HADS-A(rs=-0.239)、HADS-D(rs=-0.280)呈负相关(P<0.05)。进一步分层分析显示:青中年组和老年组在文化程度、NIHSS以及FMA-UE、FMA-LE、BBS、MBI、HADS-A、HADS-D均与MoCA总分相关(P<0.05)。急性期患者中,病程、FMA-UE、HADS-A与MoCA总分相关(P<0.05);亚急性期患者中,年龄、文化程度、高血压、饮酒史、脑卒中类型、偏瘫侧、病程、NIHSS以及FMA-UE、FMA-LE、BBS、MBI、HADS-A、HADS-D与MoCA总分相关(P<0.05);慢性期患者中,文化程度、高血压、HADS-D与MoCA总分相关(P<0.05)。结论PSCI与脑卒中患者年龄、疾病发展时期、文化程度、运动功能、平衡能力、日常生活活动能力和焦虑抑郁水平关系密切,应根据不同分层认知潜在影响因素为患者制定个性化预防策略和干预方案,并在疾病早期至康复后期提高对认知的筛查与重视。

虚拟现实技术对帕金森病患者认知功能和生活质量影响的Meta分析

目的评价虚拟现实(VR)技术对帕金森病患者认知功能和生活质量的影响。方法计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase和PubMed中关于VR技术干预帕金森病患者的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限从建库至2024年2月29日。对照组接受常规认知训练、常规平衡训练或常规物理治疗,试验组接受VR技术干预。采用Cochrane协作网的5.1.0版RCT偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用Revman5.4软件进行数据分析,采用GRADE对结局指标进行证据质量评价。结果最终纳入RCT 13篇,涉及患者426例。部分文献未对分配隐藏和盲法进行描述,选择性报告研究结果或其他偏倚不清楚。Meta分析显示,VR技术可以有效改善帕金森病患者蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)评分(MD=1.11,95%CI 0.31~1.90,P=0.006)、连线测试(TMT)-A评分(MD=-6.25,95%CI-11.71~-0.78,P=0.030)、抑郁评分(SMD=-0.56,95%CI-0.95~0.18,P=0.004),但对TMT-B评分(MD=-6.01,95%CI-28.16~16.14,P=0.590)、统一帕金森病综合评定量表第二部分(UPDRS-Part II)评分(MD=-2.11,95%CI-4.97~0.75,P=0.150)、帕金森病患者生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)评分(MD=-0.92,95%CI-4.03~2.19,P=0.560)效果不明显。VR技术对MoCA评分、UPDRS-Part II评分和PDQ-39评分的证据等级为低级,TMT评分和抑郁评分为中等。结论VR技术可以有效改善帕金森病患者的认知功能和抑郁,但在改善日常生活活动能力和生活质量方面效果不显著。

基于独立成分分析的终末期肾病患者静态及动态功能网络连接研究

目的:探索终末期肾病(ESRD)患者功能网络连接(FNC)的静态及动态变化特点。方法:收集33例ESRD患者及34例健康对照组作为研究对象。首先基于独立成分分析识别到6个静息态功能网络,即听觉网络、凸显网络、视觉网络、感觉运动网络(SMN)、执行控制网络(ECN)及默认网络。然后比较两组静态功能网络连接(sFNC)和动态功能网络连接(dFNC)相关参数的差异,并与神经心理测试进行相关分析。结果:sFNC分析显示ESRD组ECN与SMN的sFNC强度显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05,FDR校正),而且与执行功能评分[连线追踪测试A(TMT-A)]呈显著正相关(r=0.429,P=0.018)。dFNC分析显示ESRD组状态3的时间分数和平均驻留时间显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05);状态2的时间分数(r=0.503,P=0.005)和平均驻留时间(r=0.412,P=0.024)与TMT-A评分呈显著正相关;状态4的时间分数与焦虑评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.372,P=0.043)。结论:本研究采用独立成分分析的方法揭示了ESRD患者静态及动态功能网络连接的特点,为深入理解ESRD患者神经病理损害机制提供了新视角。