The Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Sexual Awareness and Cognitive Social Capital among High School Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.

Postdigital Knowledge Cultures and Their Politics

Purpose-This paper aims at exploring politics of contemporary knowledge cultures and possible directions for responding to the postdigital challenge.Design/Approach/Methods-This paper researches history and present of several prominent strands and readings of the knowledge economy.Following Caruso’s work(2016),it examines more closely the differences between the managerial paradigm and the cognitive capitalism paradigm.Recognizing the postdigital nature of contemporary knowledge cultures,it points towards a postdigital merger between the managerial paradigm and the cognitive capitalism paradigm.Findings-The paper identifies individual and social tensions between industrial and post-industrial modes of production and rapidly changing dynamic of social development.It examines the relationships between knowledge cultures and digital technologies.Based on recent insights by the father of the World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee and his non-determinist views to digital technologies,it identifies knowledge cultures as sites of political struggle against various(material and non-material,technological and non-technological)closures over access to information and knowledge.Finally,it briefly outlines possible directions for responding to the postdigital challenge of knowledge cultures.Originality/Value-The paper provides an original contribution to theory of knowledge cultures and its relationships to the postdigital condition.