Food- and water-borne diseases exacerbate cases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Since 2011, cases of enteric infections have been reported in Bukavu city, Democrati...Food- and water-borne diseases exacerbate cases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Since 2011, cases of enteric infections have been reported in Bukavu city, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the rate of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, and to determine the effect of S. enterica and E. coli cohabitation on antibiotic resistance of S. enterica. Bacteria were isolated from 553 foods, milk, and water samples collected from restaurants, taps, tanks and wells in Bukavu. Microbial analyses involved bacterial culture, and morphological and biochemical characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed before and after bacteria cohabitation of S. enterica and E. coli isolates in the same media. 152 (27.5%) and 27 (4.9%) of the samples tested positive for S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. Salmonella isolates were more susceptible to ciprofloxacin (75.7%) and co-trimoxazole (75.0%) and more resistant to ampicillin (82.2%). E. coli was more resistant to ciprofloxacin (59.3%). Overall, 90.5% of isolates (n = 179) were MDR. The origin (food, water) of S. enterica and E. coli isolates had no significant (p > 0.05) influence on their susceptibility to antibiotics. However, S. enterica isolates from milk were significantly (p = 0.00) antibiotic-resistant than those from food and water. The cohabitation between antibiotic-susceptible S. enterica and antibiotic-resistant E. coli significantly (p S. enterica from 30% to 89.5%, implying that interactions of antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible bacteria in food and water could be among neglected factors promoting the spread of AMR, leading to increase AMR cases in Bukavu. Strong sanitation strategies and the operationalization of One Health approach could mitigate the spread of AMR in Bukavu city, DR Congo.展开更多
The main objective of the current study is to examine the existing situation of female early age at first cohabitation in Bangladesh as well as to identify the factors associated behind this issue. An analysis has bee...The main objective of the current study is to examine the existing situation of female early age at first cohabitation in Bangladesh as well as to identify the factors associated behind this issue. An analysis has been performed by using the secondary data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2011. Chi-square test for dependency checking has been performed as bivariate analysis. After performing bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression analysis has been performed. To identify the significant variable, stepwise regression method has also been performed. The result of the study has revealed that women education, household economic status, area of residence, religion and geographical location have significant contribution for adolescent cohabitation. From this study it can be concluded that females who has low education and low socio-economic status are more likely to enter into cohabitation at early adulthood.展开更多
The Second Demographic Transition(SDT)framework highlights individuals'ideational shift toward greater individualism in explaining the rise of non-marriage unions.Contemporary China has seen a substantial increase...The Second Demographic Transition(SDT)framework highlights individuals'ideational shift toward greater individualism in explaining the rise of non-marriage unions.Contemporary China has seen a substantial increase in premarital cohabitation.Drawing on 65 in-depth interviews with highly educated young urban Chinese women and men,this article examines the gendered ways in which young Chinese adults perceive and make decisions about premarital cohabitation,as they envision their ideal lives and what autonomy and self-realization mean to them.I demonstrate that while male respondents predominantly view cohabitation positively as a risk-reduction strategy for avoiding incompatible marriages,female respondents still consider cohabitation to be a risk-amplification arrangement in practice that increases the possibility of uncertain marriage prospect,unsafe sex,and reputational damages.Young women,but not men,often have to strategizethrough carefully managing information disclosureabout persistent parental expectations that discourage women's premarital cohabitation.As a result,while male respondents regard marriage to be neither the necessary precondition nor the end goal of cohabitation,female respondents,who otherwise emphasize autonomy and individualistic fulfllment,continue to desire a close linkage between cohabitation and marriage.Leveraging the unique strength of qualitative data in demographic research,this article articulates the gender asymmetry in how women and men perceive cohabitation's risks,benefits,and link to marriage.I elucidate the gendered tension between privately-held ideals of individualism vis-a-vis enduring social norms of female marriageability,as women and men differentially navigate parental expectations surrounding cohabitation.In so doing,this article makes a theoretical contribution by bringing a careful treatment of gender into the SDT framework.展开更多
Using data of Chinese immigrants extracted from the Belgian National Register registering a cohabitation or marriage between 2005 and 2015(N=3945),this study aims to advance the understanding of cohabitation among dis...Using data of Chinese immigrants extracted from the Belgian National Register registering a cohabitation or marriage between 2005 and 2015(N=3945),this study aims to advance the understanding of cohabitation among disadvantaged groups in local marriage markets.From the difference in prevalence of cohabitation between Chinese men and women,we conclude that Chinese immigrants could use cohabita-tion rather as a practical living arrangement in the context of recent migration rather than as an alternative to marriage,as the receiving society does.The practical living strategy of ethnic minorities enhances our understanding of cohabitation among dis-advantaged groups,for whom the choice for cohabiting would be largely influenced by the home familial culture.展开更多
文摘Food- and water-borne diseases exacerbate cases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Since 2011, cases of enteric infections have been reported in Bukavu city, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the rate of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, and to determine the effect of S. enterica and E. coli cohabitation on antibiotic resistance of S. enterica. Bacteria were isolated from 553 foods, milk, and water samples collected from restaurants, taps, tanks and wells in Bukavu. Microbial analyses involved bacterial culture, and morphological and biochemical characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed before and after bacteria cohabitation of S. enterica and E. coli isolates in the same media. 152 (27.5%) and 27 (4.9%) of the samples tested positive for S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. Salmonella isolates were more susceptible to ciprofloxacin (75.7%) and co-trimoxazole (75.0%) and more resistant to ampicillin (82.2%). E. coli was more resistant to ciprofloxacin (59.3%). Overall, 90.5% of isolates (n = 179) were MDR. The origin (food, water) of S. enterica and E. coli isolates had no significant (p > 0.05) influence on their susceptibility to antibiotics. However, S. enterica isolates from milk were significantly (p = 0.00) antibiotic-resistant than those from food and water. The cohabitation between antibiotic-susceptible S. enterica and antibiotic-resistant E. coli significantly (p S. enterica from 30% to 89.5%, implying that interactions of antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible bacteria in food and water could be among neglected factors promoting the spread of AMR, leading to increase AMR cases in Bukavu. Strong sanitation strategies and the operationalization of One Health approach could mitigate the spread of AMR in Bukavu city, DR Congo.
文摘The main objective of the current study is to examine the existing situation of female early age at first cohabitation in Bangladesh as well as to identify the factors associated behind this issue. An analysis has been performed by using the secondary data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2011. Chi-square test for dependency checking has been performed as bivariate analysis. After performing bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression analysis has been performed. To identify the significant variable, stepwise regression method has also been performed. The result of the study has revealed that women education, household economic status, area of residence, religion and geographical location have significant contribution for adolescent cohabitation. From this study it can be concluded that females who has low education and low socio-economic status are more likely to enter into cohabitation at early adulthood.
文摘The Second Demographic Transition(SDT)framework highlights individuals'ideational shift toward greater individualism in explaining the rise of non-marriage unions.Contemporary China has seen a substantial increase in premarital cohabitation.Drawing on 65 in-depth interviews with highly educated young urban Chinese women and men,this article examines the gendered ways in which young Chinese adults perceive and make decisions about premarital cohabitation,as they envision their ideal lives and what autonomy and self-realization mean to them.I demonstrate that while male respondents predominantly view cohabitation positively as a risk-reduction strategy for avoiding incompatible marriages,female respondents still consider cohabitation to be a risk-amplification arrangement in practice that increases the possibility of uncertain marriage prospect,unsafe sex,and reputational damages.Young women,but not men,often have to strategizethrough carefully managing information disclosureabout persistent parental expectations that discourage women's premarital cohabitation.As a result,while male respondents regard marriage to be neither the necessary precondition nor the end goal of cohabitation,female respondents,who otherwise emphasize autonomy and individualistic fulfllment,continue to desire a close linkage between cohabitation and marriage.Leveraging the unique strength of qualitative data in demographic research,this article articulates the gender asymmetry in how women and men perceive cohabitation's risks,benefits,and link to marriage.I elucidate the gendered tension between privately-held ideals of individualism vis-a-vis enduring social norms of female marriageability,as women and men differentially navigate parental expectations surrounding cohabitation.In so doing,this article makes a theoretical contribution by bringing a careful treatment of gender into the SDT framework.
文摘Using data of Chinese immigrants extracted from the Belgian National Register registering a cohabitation or marriage between 2005 and 2015(N=3945),this study aims to advance the understanding of cohabitation among disadvantaged groups in local marriage markets.From the difference in prevalence of cohabitation between Chinese men and women,we conclude that Chinese immigrants could use cohabita-tion rather as a practical living arrangement in the context of recent migration rather than as an alternative to marriage,as the receiving society does.The practical living strategy of ethnic minorities enhances our understanding of cohabitation among dis-advantaged groups,for whom the choice for cohabiting would be largely influenced by the home familial culture.
