Based on dynamic triaxial test results of saturated soft clay, similarities of variations between accumulated pore water pressure and accumulated deformation were analyzed. The Parr＇s equation on accumulated deformat...Based on dynamic triaxial test results of saturated soft clay, similarities of variations between accumulated pore water pressure and accumulated deformation were analyzed. The Parr＇s equation on accumulated deformation was modified to create an attenuation-type curve model on accumulated pore water pressure in saturated normal consolidation clay. In this model, dynamic strength was introduced and a new parameter called equivalent dynamic stress level was added. Besides, based on comparative analysis on variations between failure-type and attenuatiun-type curves, a failure-type curve model was created on accumulated pore water pressure in saturated normal consolidation clay. Two models can take cycle number, coupling of static and dynamic deviator stress, and consolidation way into consideration. The models are verified by test results. The correlation coefficients are more than 0.98 for optimization of test results based on the two models, and there is good agreement between the optimized and test curves, which shows that the two models are suitable to predict variations of accumulated pore water pressure under different loading cases and consolidation ways. In order to improve prediction accuracy, it is suggested that loading cases and consolidation ways should be consistent with in-situ conditions when dynamic triaxial tests are used to determine the constants in the models.展开更多
Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In ...Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In this study, electrical conduction in a vuggy reservoir is theoretically analyzed to establish a new saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs. We found that vugs have a greater effect on saturation than resistivity, which causes inflection in the rock-electricity curve. Using single-variable exPeriments, we evaluated the effects of rug size, vug number, and vug distribution on the rock-electricity relation. Based on the general saturation model, a saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs is derived, and the physical significance of the equation parameters is discussed based on the seepage-electricity similarity. The equation parameters depend on the pore structure, and vugs and matrix pore size distribution. Furthermore, a method for calculating the equation parameters is proposed, which uses nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） data to calculate the capillary pressure curve. Field application of the proposed equation and parameter derivation method shows good match between calculated and experimental results, with an average absolute error of 5.8%.展开更多
We present a simulation of the magnetization curves, energy, probability, and torque landscapes of uniaxial systems with up to five anisotropy constants. The total energy used in the simulation is the sum of the aniso...We present a simulation of the magnetization curves, energy, probability, and torque landscapes of uniaxial systems with up to five anisotropy constants. The total energy used in the simulation is the sum of the anisotropy and Zeeman energies. The exchange interaction is not considered in the present work in which we treat single-domain-particle systems within a classical mechanics-based model. Diverse features of the calculated magnetization curves are highlighted for the studied systems. These diverse features are strongly dependent on the sign and magnitude of the simulation parameters.The model is versatile enough to handle both hypothetical and real material systems, e.g. HoFe（11）Ti and Y2Co（17）.展开更多
Argon and xenon are both attractive working gas for low voltage ionization chamber(LVIC),which is a promising candidate for ITER X-ray detectors.In this work,the performances of Arfilling LVIC(Ar-LVIC)and Xe-filling L...Argon and xenon are both attractive working gas for low voltage ionization chamber(LVIC),which is a promising candidate for ITER X-ray detectors.In this work,the performances of Arfilling LVIC(Ar-LVIC)and Xe-filling LVIC(Xe-LVIC)as well as the impacts of operation parameters were investigated.Saturation curves of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC with pressure from 0.4 to 1.2 bar were measured with a tungsten X-ray source.The minimum voltage of saturation region(V_(min))of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC,the relationship between V_(min)and saturation current,the ideal operating voltage in ITER and impacts of pressure on saturation current were studied.It was found that Ar-LVIC had smaller V_(min)and saturation currents which decreased with the drop of pressure from 1.2 to 0.4 bar;Xe-LVIC had larger V_(min)and saturation currents which did not obviously decrease with the same pressure drop.It is envisaged that ITER can take advantage of the larger saturation current and lower pressure of Xe-LVIC in the non-nuclear operation phase,and flexibility of pressure and low sensitivity to neutron/gamma radiation of Ar-LVIC in the nuclear operation phase.展开更多
The mathematical equation for the moisture-suction relationship also known as soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is one of the constitutive relations necessary for the computational modeling of deformation and flo...The mathematical equation for the moisture-suction relationship also known as soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is one of the constitutive relations necessary for the computational modeling of deformation and flow problems of unsaturated soil using the finite element method. In this paper, a new empirical equa-tion for the SWCC is developed that incorporates the actual airentry suction and the maximum possible suction of the soil as input parameters. The capability of the new model is investigated by fitting the experimental data for twelve different soils that includes sands, silts, and clays. The model fits the experimental data well including in high suction range which is one of the difficulties observed in other commonly used models such as the Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten, and Fredlund and Xing models. The numerical stability and the performance of the new model at low and high degrees of saturations in finite element simulation are investigated by simulating the dynamic response of a compacted embankment and the results are compared with similar predictions made using widely used SWCC models.展开更多
The organic Rankine cycle(ORC)is a popular technique used in the utilization of low-grade thermal energy.Among wet,dry,and isentropic organic working fluids,the latter two types are more appropriate for ORC systems.In...The organic Rankine cycle(ORC)is a popular technique used in the utilization of low-grade thermal energy.Among wet,dry,and isentropic organic working fluids,the latter two types are more appropriate for ORC systems.In this paper,the definition of turning point on saturated vapor curve of dry fluid and isentropic fluid was given according to the shape of the saturated curve of working fluids in a T-s diagram.On this basis,the model of near-critical region triangle was established.Using this model,the thermodynamic performance of 57 kinds of dry and isentropic organic working fluids in ORC was evaluated.The performance includes the relation between turning point temperature and cycle thermal efficiency,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and cycle thermal efficiency,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and exergy at turning point temperature,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and reciprocal value of slope of saturated vapor curve.Moreover,working fluid selection was also conducted in terms of heat source type.It was found through theoretical analysis results that the popular R123 is an acceptable choice especially for the utilization of closed type heat source.Considering it will be phased out in near future,then cis-butene,butane,trans-butene,and isobutene are worth studying as its successor.Dodecane is worthy of attention and further research and it can be a good choice for utilization of open type heat source.展开更多
基金Project(2009AA11Z101) supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University,China+1 种基金Project(2012QNZT045) supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of ChinaProject(2011CB710601) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Based on dynamic triaxial test results of saturated soft clay, similarities of variations between accumulated pore water pressure and accumulated deformation were analyzed. The Parr＇s equation on accumulated deformation was modified to create an attenuation-type curve model on accumulated pore water pressure in saturated normal consolidation clay. In this model, dynamic strength was introduced and a new parameter called equivalent dynamic stress level was added. Besides, based on comparative analysis on variations between failure-type and attenuatiun-type curves, a failure-type curve model was created on accumulated pore water pressure in saturated normal consolidation clay. Two models can take cycle number, coupling of static and dynamic deviator stress, and consolidation way into consideration. The models are verified by test results. The correlation coefficients are more than 0.98 for optimization of test results based on the two models, and there is good agreement between the optimized and test curves, which shows that the two models are suitable to predict variations of accumulated pore water pressure under different loading cases and consolidation ways. In order to improve prediction accuracy, it is suggested that loading cases and consolidation ways should be consistent with in-situ conditions when dynamic triaxial tests are used to determine the constants in the models.
基金supported by the National S&T Major Special Project(No.2011ZX05020-008)
文摘Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In this study, electrical conduction in a vuggy reservoir is theoretically analyzed to establish a new saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs. We found that vugs have a greater effect on saturation than resistivity, which causes inflection in the rock-electricity curve. Using single-variable exPeriments, we evaluated the effects of rug size, vug number, and vug distribution on the rock-electricity relation. Based on the general saturation model, a saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs is derived, and the physical significance of the equation parameters is discussed based on the seepage-electricity similarity. The equation parameters depend on the pore structure, and vugs and matrix pore size distribution. Furthermore, a method for calculating the equation parameters is proposed, which uses nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） data to calculate the capillary pressure curve. Field application of the proposed equation and parameter derivation method shows good match between calculated and experimental results, with an average absolute error of 5.8%.
文摘We present a simulation of the magnetization curves, energy, probability, and torque landscapes of uniaxial systems with up to five anisotropy constants. The total energy used in the simulation is the sum of the anisotropy and Zeeman energies. The exchange interaction is not considered in the present work in which we treat single-domain-particle systems within a classical mechanics-based model. Diverse features of the calculated magnetization curves are highlighted for the studied systems. These diverse features are strongly dependent on the sign and magnitude of the simulation parameters.The model is versatile enough to handle both hypothetical and real material systems, e.g. HoFe（11）Ti and Y2Co（17）.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11605243)。
文摘Argon and xenon are both attractive working gas for low voltage ionization chamber(LVIC),which is a promising candidate for ITER X-ray detectors.In this work,the performances of Arfilling LVIC(Ar-LVIC)and Xe-filling LVIC(Xe-LVIC)as well as the impacts of operation parameters were investigated.Saturation curves of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC with pressure from 0.4 to 1.2 bar were measured with a tungsten X-ray source.The minimum voltage of saturation region(V_(min))of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC,the relationship between V_(min)and saturation current,the ideal operating voltage in ITER and impacts of pressure on saturation current were studied.It was found that Ar-LVIC had smaller V_(min)and saturation currents which decreased with the drop of pressure from 1.2 to 0.4 bar;Xe-LVIC had larger V_(min)and saturation currents which did not obviously decrease with the same pressure drop.It is envisaged that ITER can take advantage of the larger saturation current and lower pressure of Xe-LVIC in the non-nuclear operation phase,and flexibility of pressure and low sensitivity to neutron/gamma radiation of Ar-LVIC in the nuclear operation phase.
文摘The mathematical equation for the moisture-suction relationship also known as soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is one of the constitutive relations necessary for the computational modeling of deformation and flow problems of unsaturated soil using the finite element method. In this paper, a new empirical equa-tion for the SWCC is developed that incorporates the actual airentry suction and the maximum possible suction of the soil as input parameters. The capability of the new model is investigated by fitting the experimental data for twelve different soils that includes sands, silts, and clays. The model fits the experimental data well including in high suction range which is one of the difficulties observed in other commonly used models such as the Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten, and Fredlund and Xing models. The numerical stability and the performance of the new model at low and high degrees of saturations in finite element simulation are investigated by simulating the dynamic response of a compacted embankment and the results are compared with similar predictions made using widely used SWCC models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51506001)Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM201710005029)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFE0124900)
文摘The organic Rankine cycle(ORC)is a popular technique used in the utilization of low-grade thermal energy.Among wet,dry,and isentropic organic working fluids,the latter two types are more appropriate for ORC systems.In this paper,the definition of turning point on saturated vapor curve of dry fluid and isentropic fluid was given according to the shape of the saturated curve of working fluids in a T-s diagram.On this basis,the model of near-critical region triangle was established.Using this model,the thermodynamic performance of 57 kinds of dry and isentropic organic working fluids in ORC was evaluated.The performance includes the relation between turning point temperature and cycle thermal efficiency,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and cycle thermal efficiency,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and exergy at turning point temperature,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and reciprocal value of slope of saturated vapor curve.Moreover,working fluid selection was also conducted in terms of heat source type.It was found through theoretical analysis results that the popular R123 is an acceptable choice especially for the utilization of closed type heat source.Considering it will be phased out in near future,then cis-butene,butane,trans-butene,and isobutene are worth studying as its successor.Dodecane is worthy of attention and further research and it can be a good choice for utilization of open type heat source.
