Clinical Analysis of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Diagnosed as Coincidental Pulmonary Infection Due to <i>Mycobacterium</i>Species

Objectives: We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary mycobacterial disease diagnosed as coincidental pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium species. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease proposed by American Thoracic Society during the last seven years. Six patients (3.8%) were coincidental pulmonary infection due to two Mycobacterium species. We investigated the background, laboratory findings, microbiological findings, radiological findings, treatment and prognosis. Results: There were six patients, 3 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 71.7 years. The causative microorganisms of coincidental pulmonary infection consisted of Mycobacterium avium + Mycobacterium intracellulare in two patients, Mycobacterium avium + Mycobacterium kansasii in one, Mycobacterium intracellulare + Mycobacterium chelonae in one, Mycobacterium intracellulare + Mycobacterium abscessus in one, and Mycobacterium intracellulare + Mycobacterium tuberculosis in one. Regarding the radiological findings, the distribution of the lesion was frequently shown in both the right middle and left lingula lobes, but the extent of the lesion was limited within the unilateral lung field. Centrilobular small nodules with bronchiectasis were recognized in all patients and cavities or infiltration shadows were recognized in half of them on chest computed tomography. A definite diagnosis was obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in four patients and expectorated sputum in two. Combined chemotherapy was performed for two patients and that for pulmonary tuberculosis in one. Conclusions: Coincidental pulmonary infection due to Mycobactterium species occurred at a low percentage. Although most patients were elderly with underlying disease and clinical features were compatible with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease, the prognosis was comparatively good with and without treatment.

Impact of random and scattered coincidences from outside of field of view on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with different reconstruction protocols

Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view(FOV)on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols.Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner,using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom(a body phantom,with six spheres of different sizes)with a signal background ratio of 4:1.The NEMA phantom(phantom I)was scanned separately in a one-bed position.To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV,six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom(phantom II).The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired(3 min/scan).The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques.The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms.Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a 28-mm(10-mm)sphere of phantom II were 37.9%(86.5%)for ordered-subset expectation maximization(OSEM-only),36.8%(81.5%)for point spread function(PSF),32.7%(80.7%)for time of flight(TOF),and 31.5%(77.8%)for OSEM+PSF+TOF,respectively,indicating that OSEM+PSF+TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation(COV)values.Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR,lower contrast,and higher COV values,indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes.Amongst reconstruction protocols,OSEM+PSF+TOF and OSEM+PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22,28,and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.

Chinese Business Cycles Identified by Coincident Indexes

In reference to the method of the Conference Board,the coincident indexes for China are constructed from a sample period between January 1990 and May 2012 and by51 chosen component indicators.The resulting coincident indexes have higher correlations with gross domestic product(GDP) growth rates than the China Economic Monitoring and Analysis Center(CEMAC) coincident index over the sample period between February2005 and May 2012.The peaks and troughs of the growth rates in several indicators are identified.The total number of peaks and troughs in the resulting coincident index is the same with the CEMAC coincident index.Unfortunately,these troughs don't signify recessions in the Chinese economy because the financial system has not seen a negative growth rate over the specific sample periods.The impacts of the Southeast Asian Financial Crisis and subprime mortgage crisis on the business cycle could be dated via a smoother index from HP filtering to the coincident index.

Time–energy high-dimensional one-side device-independent quantum key distribution

Compared with full device-independent quantum key distribution（DI-QKD）, one-side device-independent QKD（1s DI-QKD） needs fewer requirements, which is much easier to meet. In this paper, by applying recently developed novel time–energy entropic uncertainty relations, we present a time–energy high-dimensional one-side device-independent quantum key distribution（HD-QKD） and provide the security proof against coherent attacks. Besides, we connect the security with the quantum steering. By numerical simulation, we obtain the secret key rate for Alice＇s different detection efficiencies. The results show that our protocol can performance much better than the original 1s DI-QKD. Furthermore, we clarify the relation among the secret key rate, Alice＇s detection efficiency, and the dispersion coefficient. Finally, we simply analyze its performance in the optical fiber channel.

Novel thick-target inverse kinematics method for the astrophysical ^(12)C+^(12)C fusion reaction

The ^(12)C+^(12)C fusion is one of the most important reactions in modern nuclear astrophysics.The trend and magnitude of the reaction rate within the Gamow window strongly influence various astrophysical processes.However,direct measurement of this reaction is extremely difficult,which makes it necessary to develop indirect methods.In this study,the ^(23)Na+p reaction system was used to study the compound nucleus ^(24)Mg.We employed a thick-target inverse kinematics method combined with theγ-charged-particle coincidence technique to measure the proton andα exit channels of ^(24)Mg.Technical details of the ^(23)Na+p thick-target inverse kinematics experiment and analysis are presented herein.

Texture Analysis of Damascene Copper Interconnects

Texture and grain boundary character distribution of Cu interconnects with different line width for as-deposited and annealed conditions were measured by EBSD. All specimens appear mixed texture and （111） texture is the dominate component.As-deposited interconnects undergo the phenomenon of self-annealing at RT,in which some abnormally large grains are found. Lower aspect ratio of lines and anneal treatment procured larger grains and stronger （111） texture. Meanwhile, the intensity proportion of other textures with lower strain energy to （111） texture is decreased. As-deposited specimens reveal （111）（112？ and （111） （231） components, （111） （110） component appeared and （111） （112？ and （111） （231） components were developed during the annealing process. High angle boundaries are dominant in all specimens, boundaries with a misorientation of 55°-60° and ∑3 ones in higher proportion, followed by lower boundaries with a misorientation of 35°-40° and 29 boundaries. As the aspect ratio of lines and anneal treatment increase,there is a gradual in- crement in ∑3 boundaries and a decrease in ∑9 boundaries.

从语义学角度看英汉医学词汇的理解与翻译

符号学理论认为语言符号存在三种对应关系——语义关系、语用关系和语形关系。语义关系指的是符号与它所指称的外在事物之间的关系，实质上就是指称关系；语用关系指的是符号与符号使用者之间的关系；语形关系指的是符号与符号之间的关系。对应于这三种关系存在着三类意义...

Effect of Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate on Residual Strain in 3C-SiC Films

One group of SiC films are grown on silicon-on-insulator （SOI） substrates with a series of silicon-overlayer thickness. Raman scattering spectroscopy measurement clearly indicates that a systematic trend of residual stress reduction as the silicon over-layer thickness decreases for the SOI substrates. Strain relaxation in the SiC epilayer is explained by force balance approach and near coincidence lattice model.

Existence of Periodic Solutions for Generalized Liénard-Typed Functional Differential Equations

The existence of periodic solutions for a kind of generalized Liénard typed functional differential equation is studied. By means of the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, existence criteria are established for the existence of periodic solutions and some previous results are extended.

四阶非线性方程周期解的存在性

在本文中,我们证明了下列方程:{x^(4)(t)-n^4x(t)+g(t、x(t)、x′(t))=p(t) x(0)=x(2π),x′(0)=x′(2π),x″(0)=x″(2π),x^(3)(0)=x^(3)(2π)至少存在一个非零解,n为自然数。

集值Coincidence度及其应用

基于集值映象的Ｃｏｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅ度理论，研究了一类算子包含问题的可解性，得到了锥拉压不动点定理的一个推广形式。

Threshold Photoelectron-photoion Coincidence Imaging of Dissociation Dynamic of NO＋ at c3∏（v′=0） State

The photodissociation of NO＋ at c3∏（v′=0） state is studied by threshold photoelectron- photoion coincidence imaging method. By some assumptions, the relations between velocity in center of mass （CM） coordinates and most probable center of mass （MPCM） coordinates, time of flight and displacement in the velocity map image of fragment ions are derived using vector addition of velocity and displacement on the condition of perpendicular molecular beam. Using these relations the velocity in CM coordinates, the velocity and angular distri- bution of N＋ fragment ions in MPCM coordinates are obtained and discussed, respectively.

集值Coincidence度及其应用

对于组合算子包含问题,在L是零指标的Fredholm算子的条件下,本文基于集值映射的广义度,建立了集值Coincidence拓扑度,并将所得结果应用于集值映射不动点的存在性,推广了已有的结果。

Evaluation of hepatic cystic lesions

Hepatic cysts are increasingly found as a mere coincidence on abdominal imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These cysts often present a diagnostic challenge. Therefore, we performed a review of the recent literature and developed an evidence-based diagnostic algorithm to guide clinicians in characterising these lesions. Simple cysts are the most common cystic liver disease, and diagnosis is based on typical USG characteristics. Serodiagnostic tests and microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are invaluable in differentiating complicated cysts, echinococcosis and cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma when USG, CT and MRI show ambiguous findings. Therefore, serodiagnostic tests and CEUS reduce the need for invasive procedures. Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is arbitrarily defined as the presence of > 20 liver cysts and can present as two distinct genetic disorders: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (PCLD). Although genetic testing for ADPKD and PCLD is possible, it is rarely performed because it does not affect the therapeutic management of PLD. USG screening of the liver and both kidneys combined with extensive family history taking are the cornerstone of diagnostic decision making in PLD. In conclusion, an amalgamation of these recent advances results in a diagnostic algorithm that facilitates evidence-based clinical decision making.

A super-high resolution frequency standard measuring approach based on phase coincidence characteristics between signals

A method for super high resolution comparison measurement is proposed in this paper with a comparison between the frequency standards of different nominal frequencies, which is based on phase coincidence detection of the two compared signals. It utilizes the regular phase shift characteristics between the signals. The resolution of the measurement approach can reach 10^-13/s at 5 MHz, and the self-calibration resolution can achieve 10^-14/s in the comparison between 10 MHz and 100 MHz, or even can reach 10^-15/s in the comparison between 10 MHz and 190 MHz. This method implies significant progress in the development of the high precision frequency standard comparison technology.

KKM TYPE THEOREMS AND COINCIDENCE THEOREMS ON L-CONVEX SPACES

Some KKM theorems and coincidence theorems involving admissible set-valued mappings and the set-valued mappings with compactly local intersection property are proved in L-convex: spaces. As applications, some new fixed point theorems are obtained in L-convex spaces. These theorems improve and generalize many important known results in recent literature.

EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTION FOR A TWO-PATCHES COMPETITION SYSTEM WITH DIFFUSION AND TIME DELAY AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE

By using the continuation theorem of coincidence theory, the existence of a positive periodic solution for a two patches competition system with diffusion and time delay and functional responsex [FK(W1*3/4。*2/3]′ 1 (t)=x 1(t)a 1(t)-b 1(t)x 1(t)-c 1(t)y(t)1+m(t)x 1(t)+D 1(t)[x 2(t)-x 1(t)], x [FK(W1*3/4。*2/3]′ 2 (t)=x 2(t)a 2(t)-b 2(t)x 2(t)-c 2(t)∫ 0 -τ k(s)x 2(t+s) d s+D 2(t)[x 1(t)-x 2(t)], y′(t)=y(t)a 3(t)-b 3(t)y(t)-c 3(t)x 1(t)1+m(t)x 1(t)is established, where a i(t),b i(t),c i(t)(i=1,2,3),m(t) and D i(t)(i=1,2) are all positive periodic continuous functions with period w >0, τ is a nonnegative constant and k(s) is a continuous nonnegative function on [- τ ,0].

Intrinsic background radiation of LaBr3(Ce)detector via coincidence measurements and simulations

The LaBr3(Ce)detector has attracted much attention in recent years because of its superior characteristics compared with other scintillating materials in terms of resolution and efficiency.However,it has a relatively high intrinsic background radiation because of the naturally occurring radioisotopes in lanthanum,actinium,and their daughter nuclei.This limits its applications in low-counting rate experiments.In this study,we identified the radioactive isotopes in theφ3"x 3"Saint-Gobain B380 detector by a coincidence measurement using a Clover detector in a low-background shielding system.Moreover,we carried out a Geant4 simulation of the experimental spectra to evaluate the activities of the main internal radiation components.The total activity of the background radiation of B380 is determined to be 1.523(34)Bq/cm^3.The main sources include 138La at 1.428(34)Bq/cm^3,207Tl at 0.0135(13)Bq/cm^3,211Bi at 0.0136(15)Bq/cm^3,215Po at 0.0135(3)Bq/cm^3,219Rn at 0.0125(12)Bq/cm^3,223Fr at 0.0019(11)Bq/cm^3,223Ra at 0.0127(10)Bq/cm^3,227Th at 0.0158(22)Bq/cm^3,and 227Ac at 0.0135(13)Bq/cm^3.Of these,the activities of 207Tl,211Po,215Po,223Fr,and 227Ac are deduced for the first time from the secular equilibrium established in the decay chain of 227Ac.

New Unique Common Fixed Point Results for Four Mappings with Ф-Contractive Type in 2-Metric Spaces

In this paper, some new unique common fixed points for four mappings satisfying Ф-contractive conditions on non-complete 2-metric spaces are obtained, in which the mappings do not satisfy continuity and commutation. The main results generalize and improve many well-known and corresponding conclusions in the literatures.

Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors and bilateral pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis

The coincidence of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is described only five times within the literature. We report on a 63 year old Caucasian female with the rare condition of neurofibromatosis type 1 coinciding with recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor plus bilateral pheochromocytoma (PCC). After a history of palpitations and dizziness that lasted for years, a left adrenal mass was detected by CT. Laparotomy revealed a pheochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland while an ileoterminal GIST was found incidentally intraoperatively. After six months contralateral PCC and multiple recurrent GIST were resected again. After four years the patient is doing well without any signs of further recurrent tumors. Discussion includes review of the literature.