Granger Causality Test of Urban-rural Income Gap and Employment of Rural Labor Forces——A Case Study of Shouguang City

Taking Shouguang City in Shandong Province as an example, this article researches the mutual relationship between urban-rural income and employment of rural labor forces, and conducting cointegration test and Granger causality test on the variable sequences using statistical data. The results show that the average annual income of rural labor forces influences the income per capita of rural residents, and there is a Granger causality relationship between the income per capita of rural residents and urban employees' average wage. Engaging in production concerning agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery makes the total income per capita in rural areas of Shouguang City higher than the average wage of urban residents in Shouguang City, even in Weifang City. The comparative advantage in terms of income causes the city to loose attraction to rural residents in Shouguang City. The comparative advantage drives more rural labor forces in Shouguang City to engage in primary industry, thereby greatly reducing the pressure of employment and transfer of rural labor forces. Finally important following measures are put forward to promote employment and on-the-spot transfer of rural labor forces: vigorously propel agricultural industrialization; increase rural residents' income; improve the living conditions for rural residents.

Rural Financial Development and Rural Economic Efficiency Improvement Based on Granger Causality Test

Based on the co-integration test theory,Financial Interrelation Ratio(FIR),level of financial efficiency(LFE),level of financial development(LFD) and other indices evaluating the rural financial development are selected by Granger Causality Test.The rural loan balance(RLB),rural deposit balance(RDB),total rural output(TRO),fixed assets investment(FAI),Financial Interrelation Ratio(FIR),economic efficiency(EE),level of financial efficiency(LFE),and level of financial development(LFD) in the years 1979-2007 are collected.Graphical method intuitively reflects the development trend and historical track of relevant indices;and Granger Causality Test verifies the relationship between rural financial development level and rural economic efficiency in the years 1979-2007.Result shows that rural financial development level has significant impact on rural economic growth,but rural economic growth has no significant impact on rural financial development;and rural financial development also has insignificant promotion impact on rural economic efficiency.Thus,conclusions are obtained.Although rural financial development has made certain contribution to the development of rural economy,this kind of contribution is only reflected in total quantity,but not efficiency.Therefore,government should further strengthen the promotion function of financial development for economic efficiency,and gradually establish a virtuous circle system for rural finance and economic development.

Correlation analysis and causality test between Ludong-Huanghai block and South Japan

In this paper, we make a comparative analysis and correlation test for the seismic activities in the South Japan and the Ludong-Huanghai block （a secondary tectonic unit in the North China） and approach the relationship between the energy release processes of these two areas by using co-integration analysis and Granger causality test for the time series of random variables. The results show that the seismic activities in these two areas are correlative and synchronous to a certain extent, and their release series of cumulative strain energy are contemporaneously correlative. Both energy series are first-order difference stationary processes and there is secular and steady co-integration between them. We make a positive analysis on the first-order difference energy series through Granger causality test based on vector error correction （VEC） model and find there is unilateral Granger causality and prominent co-integration between the two energy release processes.

基于时变传染网络和分位数Granger因果检验的系统性风险传染研究

基于18个经济体760家金融机构SRISK系统性风险数据,采用时变参数向量自回归模型和广义方差分解法测度全球系统性风险的时变传染网络,进而采用分位数Granger因果检验考察各经济体对中国高分位段系统性风险的影响。研究结果表明,结合SRISK数据和时变传染网络能有效识别重大风险事件的发生;发达和新兴经济体均会产生风险净输出效应,且会通过直接输出或香港地区间接输出风险至中国内地;在全样本与2008年金融危机、欧债危机、中美贸易战和新冠疫情重大风险事件期间,中国皆为风险净溢入国且新冠疫情期间溢入效应达历史最高;美英两国在重大风险事件期间均对中国高分位段系统性风险产生显著影响,新冠疫情期间中国高分位段系统性风险遭受外部冲击的形势最为严峻。

Robust Parameter Identification Method of Adhesion Model for Heavy Haul Trains

A robust parameter identification method based on Kiencke model was proposed to solve the problem of the parameter identification accuracy being affected by the rail environment change and noise interference for heavy-duty trains. Firstly, a Kiencke stick-creep identification model was constructed, and the parameter identification task was transformed into a quadratic programming problem. Secondly, an iterative algorithm was constructed to solve the problem, into which a time-varying forgetting factor was added to track the change of the rail environment, and to solve the uncertainty problem of the wheel-rail environment. The Granger causality test was adopted to detect the interference, and then the weights of the current data were redistributed to solve the problem of noise interference in parameter identification. Finally, simulations were carried out and the results showed that the proposed method could track the change of the track environment in time, reduce the noise interference in the identification process, and effectively identify the adhesion performance parameters.

开放式基金赎回问题研究——基于Panel-Data的Granger因果检验

本文应用新近发展的Panel-Data Granger因果检验方法,检验开放式基金的赎回率和基金单位净值(NAPS)增长率以及基金累计净值(ACCNAV)增长率之间的因果关系。通过对2002年12月31日以前成立的17支基金的14个季度数据的研究发现:(1)基金单位净值增长率和基金累计净值增长率并不是基金赎回率的Granger原因,一直困扰着开放式基金的"赎回困惑"不过是一个"假象";(2)基金赎回率是基金单位净值增长率和基金累计净值增长率的Granger原因,高的基金赎回率大大的降低了基金单位净值增长率和基金累计净值增长率。

Panel-Data下Granger因果检验的理论和应用发展综述

Panel-Data下Granger因果检验的相关理论是最近几年才发展起来的,现有的研究提出了关于Panel-Data下Granger因果检验的四个基本假设:同质无因果关系假设(HNCH)、同质因果关系假设(HCH)、异质因果关系假设(HECH)以及异质无因果关系假设(HENCH),根据检验参数的特点给出三种类型的检验模型:固定系数模型、随机系数模型和混合固定随机系数模型。目前,还只有固定系数模型的相关理论较为完善,另外两种模型的检验还都存在一定的难度。因此,只有从理论研究和实际应用两个方面对该理论进行阐述,并对现有的理论进行简要的评述,才可指出其存在的不足及可能的改进方向。

后危机时代国际物流与国际贸易的关系研究——基于浙江省数据的Granger与Cointegration检验

从国际贸易与国际物流的关系角度出发,充分考虑后危机时代的经济特点,运用格兰杰因果检验和协整分析的方法,通过对后危机时期浙江省各个月份国际物流以及国际贸易的相关指标,分析二者之间存在的因果关系,根据实证得出的结论,结合浙江省的具体发展情况,因地制宜地提出相应建议。

影响我国能源消费总量增长的因素分析——基于LMDI和Granger因果关系

为达到能源消费总量控制目标,本文采用指数分解方法分析能源消费总量变化原因,并且分析能源消费与GDP、产业结构、技术进步、能源价格等因素间的关系,为能源消费总量控制提供决策支持。分析结果表明:产业结构不合理是影响能源消费总量增长的重要原因,调整产业结构,降低第二产业尤其是工业比重对于降低能源消费总量具有重要意义;应当加快能源价格市场化进程,发挥价格在能源消费中的调控功能;应当加大基础科研的投入,促进生产技术进步,提高能源利用效率。

CEEMD双层分解和Granger因果变量选择风电功率预测

针对风电功率时间序列具有高度随机波动性而无法精准预测的问题,提出一种基于完备集成经验模态分解(CEEMD)、Granger因果关系检验和长短时记忆网络的新型混合预测方法用于预测风电功率。首先,为研究风电功率和风速的隐性相关性,通过CEEMD算法对风电功率和风速时间序列分别进行序列分解,实现双层分解。其次,通过Granger因果关系方法对各风速分量与各风电功率分量进行因果关系检验,分析风电功率分量与各风速分量间的相关性,以此实现各风电功率分量的输入变量选择。最后,采用长短时记忆网络对各风电功率分量进行预测,并集成得到最终的风电功率预测结果。通过风电厂的实际数据进行了试验,并与多个应用广泛的经典模型进行对比,结果表明该方法的预测精度取得了大幅度提高,能够对风电功率实现精准预测。

Abnormal behavior detection by causality analysis and sparse reconstruction

A new approach for abnormal behavior detection was proposed using causality analysis and sparse reconstruction. To effectively represent multiple-object behavior, low level visual features and causality features were adopted. The low level visual features, which included trajectory shape descriptor, speeded up robust features and histograms of optical flow, were used to describe properties of individual behavior, and causality features obtained by causality analysis were introduced to depict the interaction information among a set of objects. In order to cope with feature noisy and uncertainty, a method for multiple-object anomaly detection was presented via a sparse reconstruction. The abnormality of the testing sample was decided by the sparse reconstruction cost from an atomically learned dictionary. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods on the public databases for abnormal behavior detection.

Analysis of services trade and employment in China by co-integration and causality

This article describes a study by co-integration test and Granger causality test on the relationships between China's services trades and employment using the data of services trade from the WTO website and the employment data from China Statistic Yearbook for the years from 1982 to 2003. Co-integration test showed that 1% increase in export value and import value of services created respectively 0.205% and 0.068 7% more job opportunities in the service sector. Both export and import of services impacted positively on employment in service industry, and export did more than import. However, in the short run, the impacts of services export and import on employment in service industry were both very small, though positive; and the impacts of employment in service industry on both export and import of services were very big, but not stable. Granger causality test indicated that employment in service industry was a Granger cause of services export. The findings highlight the importance of facilitating services import and reducing import barriers, and suggest that the competitiveness of China's labor- intensive services trade can be exploited to boost services export and help employment in service sector, and that the structure of services trade should be optimized by shifting from labor-intensive to knowledge-and technology-intensive services thus to enhance China's competitiveness of services export.

基于Attention-ConvLSTM的出租车需求预测研究

准确合理的出租车需求预测能平衡乘客出行需要且缓解城市交通拥堵,但出租车需求是动态的,它会随着时间的周期性和空间的相关性变化而变化。使用神经网络的出租车需求预测模型广受关注,但目前大部分模型对需求数据的时空间特征提取有效性不足,缺乏筛选数据特征的能力,使得预测结果不够贴合现实情况。对此,本文提出AttConvLSTM预测模型。首先通过k-means聚类和Granger因果关系检验寻找与检验时空相关性,再结合影响需求的气候和节假日等外部因素,运用卷积长短期记忆网络(ConvLSTM)融合注意力机制捕获及评估时空间特征,对特征进行选择性注意,从而提高预测结果的精度与可靠性。最终选取纽约市出租车需求数据进行实验,结果表明该模型相比多种知名基线模型表现出更高的准确度和稳定性。

我国牛肉价格波动影响因素研究——基于VAR模型的实证分析

为保证牛肉价格合理稳定、推动牛肉市场持续健康发展,文章基于2011年12月—2022年12月中国畜牧业月度数据,以内部传导和外部冲击为视角,选取玉米价格、生产者预期、犊牛价格、国家政策构建VAR模型,实证检验我国牛肉价格波动影响因素及程度。结果显示,玉米价格、生产者预期、犊牛价格、国家政策均可对牛肉价格造成影响。其中,玉米价格可通过内部传导机制对我国牛肉价格波动产生显著影响,且稳定贡献率在8%左右;国家政策可通过外部冲击机制对我国牛肉价格波动形成显著影响,贡献率为15%;前期牛肉价格可显著影响后期牛肉市场价格。因此,文章提出降低肉牛产业饲料成本、加大肉牛产业政府财政支持力度、完善牛肉价格波动市场监管体系的建议,以期为稳定牛肉价格、促进畜牧产业可持续发展提供参考。

农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体耦合协调关系的实证研究--以吉林省为例

在乡村振兴和农村产业融合大背景下,正确认识和处理农业生产性服务业和新型农业经营主体之间的协调发展关系具有重要意义。为明确农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体两系统的耦合协调关系,基于吉林省2010-2022年农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体的时间序列数据,运用协整分析、Granger因果检验和耦合协调模型分析农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体间的互动关系和动态耦合发展趋势。结果表明:吉林省农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体发展水平持续攀升,分别由0.284 9提升至0.837 9、0.100 1提升至0.994 1;农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体两系统存在着显著正相关的长期均衡关系,且互为格兰杰原因,即农业生产性服务业是有效促进新型农业主体发展的重要原因,新型农业经营主体是推动推动农业生产性服务业提升的重要动力;2010-2022年,吉林省农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体之间的耦合协调关系上升趋势明显,先后经历拮抗阶段(0.410 9)、勉强协调(0.517 9~0.572 0)、初级协调(0.637 4)、中级协调(0.735 8~0.773 8)、高度协调(0.843 1~0.870 9~0.916 6~0.914 7~0.914 8~0.915 3~0.915 7)的变化过程,目前两系统处于关系稳定的高水平耦合阶段。未来应通过促进农业生产性服务业与新型农业经营主体协调发展推进现代农业进程。

TESTING LINEAR AND NONLINEAR GRANGER CAUSALITY IN CSI300 FUTURES AND SPOT MARKETS BASED ON NEW CONCEPTS OF NONLINEAR POSITIVE/NEGATIVE SPILLOVER

Hiemstra and Jones(1994) argued that a significant negative value of their nonlinear Granger causality test(H-J test) means there is a confounding effect in the prediction.However,from the theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations,the authors find that H-J test is significantly negative under the circumstance of negative volatility spillover.Furthermore,the authors put forward the conceptions of positive/negative nonlinear spillover,and apply H-J test to examine positive/negative nonlinear spillover effect.The empirical study on China stock futures and spot markets shows that:1) There is significant positive nonlinear spillover from futures to spot market;2) There is significant negative nonlinear spillover from spot to futures market.The authors argue that there is "risk absorption" mechanism in information spillover from the spot market to the futures market,which is due to the temporal transfer of speculative trading from the analysis.

黑龙江省耕地非农化与经济发展的Granger因果关系研究

研究目的:分析黑龙江省耕地非农化过程的内在原因,以助于协调黑龙江省耕地非农化进程与经济发展的关系,使耕地保护工作与未来经济运行相一致。研究方法:运用Granger因果关系检验法,利用Eviews4.1软件分析。研究结果:城市化进程对耕地非农化进程的影响与经济增长对耕地非农化的影响并不一致,城市化进程对耕地非农化的影响更加显著。因此,要从根本上解决耕地非农化与经济发展之间的矛盾须将城市化作为切入点。

Johansen和Juselius协整检验应注意的几个问题

Johansen和Juselius的似然比检验多变量协整关系的方法在实证分析中得到了广泛应用。在总结该方法的基础上,针对国内使用该方法存在比较混乱的状况指出了一些注意事项,譬如根据经济时间序列的数据生成过程选择确定性成分,检验临界值的使用以及协整关系个数的非唯一性等问题,还简要论述了阶数的确定、外生性与因果关系检验等问题,最后指出了该检验的一些不足。通过对上述问题的讨论,试图为实证研究人员在使用该方法时提供简单有效的指导性建议。

吉林省冰雪旅游与区域经济增长协整分析及Granger因果检验

利用吉林省1985—2010年人均冰雪旅游收入和人均GDP时间序列分别作为衡量冰雪旅游和区域经济增长的指标,对吉林省冰雪旅游与经济增长的关系进行协整分析,并用Granger因果检验,确定两者之间作用方向,在此基础上建立误差修正模型,讨论两者间作用力度。结果表明:吉林省冰雪旅游与区域经济增长存在着协整关系,区域经济增长是冰雪旅游的Granger原因。长期内,冰雪旅游收入每变动1%,经济增长将同向变动0.509 7%。从误差修正模型可以得出,短期内冰雪旅游与经济增长之间互相作用力度不大,其中经济增长对冰雪旅游调整作用强于后者对前者的作用力度。