Carrying Capacity and Coupling Coordination of Water and Land Resources Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Areas: A Case Study of Yulin City, China

Quantitatively assessing the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems in arid and semi-arid areas is crucial for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.In this work,taking Yulin City in China as a case study and employing the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,a modified model of coupling degree was developed to evaluate the car-rying capacity of water and land resources systems endowment and utilization,as well as their coupling coordination degree from 2013 to 2020.Our findings indicate that the water and land resources of Yulin are diminishing due to declines in agriculture,higher industrial water use,and wetland shrinkage.However,reallocating domestic water for ecological sustainability and reducing sloping farmland can mitigate this trend of decline.Temporally,as the coupling coordination between water and land resources system endowment in Yulin continuously improved,the coupling coordination between water and land resources system utilization first decreased and then in-creased with 2016 as the turning point.Spatially,the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems,the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system endowment,and the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system utilization in Yulin exhibited the same pattern of being higher in the six northern counties than in the six southern counties.Improving the water resources endowment is vital for the highly efficient use of water and land resources.

Metagenomic Insight Reveals the Microbial Structure and Function of the Full-Scale Coking Wastewater Treatment System:Gene-Based Nitrogen Removal

Microbial communities play crucial roles in pollutant removal and system stability in biological systems for coking wastewater(CWW)treatment,but a comprehensive understanding of their structure and functions is still lacking.A five month survey of four sequential bioreactors,anoxic 1/oxic 1/anoxic 2/oxic 2(A1/O1/A2/O2),was carried out in a full-scale CWW treatment system in China to elucidate operational performance and microbial ecology.The results showed that A1/O1/A2/O2 had excellent and stable performance for nitrogen removal.Both total nitrogen(TN;(17.38±6.89)mgL1)and ammonium-nitrogen(NH4 t-N;(2.10±1.34)mg·L^(-1))in the final biological effluent satisfied the Chinese national standards for CWW.Integrated analysis of 16S ribosome RNA(rRNA)sequencing and metagenomic sequencing showed that the bacterial communities and metagenomic function profiles of A1 and O1 shared similar functional structures,while those of A2 significantly varied from those of other bioreactors(p<0.05).The results indicated that microbial activity was strongly connected with activated sludge function.Nitrosospira,Nitrosomonas,and SM1A02 were responsible for nitrification during the primary anoxic-oxic(AO)stage and Azoarcus and Thauera acted as important denitrifiers in A2.Nitrogen cycling-related enzymes and genes work in the A1/O1/A2/O2 system.Moreover,the hao genes catalyzing hydroxylamine dehydrogenase(EC 1.7.2.6)and the napA and napB genes catalyzing nitrate reductase(EC 1.9.6.1)played important roles in the nitrification and denitrification processes in the primary and secondary AO stages,respectively.The mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)/total solids(TS),TN removal rate(RR),total organic carbon(TOC)(RR),and NH_(4)^(+)t-N(RR)were the most important environmental factors for regulating the structure of core bacterial genera and nitrogen-cycling genes.Proteobacteria were the potential main participants in nitrogen metabolism in the A1/O1/A2/O2 system for CWW treatment.This study provides an original and comprehensive understanding of the microbial community and functions at the gene level,which is crucial for the efficient and stable operation of the full-scale biological process for CWW treatment.

Construction of Evaluation Index System of Tourism Carrying Capacity of the Jokhang Temple Scenic Spot

Based on the in-depth study on the theory of tourism carrying capacity at home and abroad, author of this paper defined the concept and connotation of tourism carrying capacity, and proposed the evaluation index system of tourism carrying capacity. He also conducted a systematic analysis of tourism resources in the Jokhang Temple scenic spot, constructed an evaluation index system of tourism carrying capacity of the Jokhang Temple scenic spot, pointed out the status quo of its carrying capacity and factors constraining the carrying capacity through quantitative calculation, and put forward suggestions to regulate its carrying capacity.

VIGOROUSLY CARRYING OUT FOREIGN TRADE AGENCY SYSTEM

Voices are growing louder and louder,calling for vigorously carryingout the foreign trade agency system in China’s foreign economic andtrade field.Vice Premier Li Lanqing in charge of foreign trade andeconomic cooperation has pointed out many times recently that theoperational mode of foreign trade should be transferred from thetraditional purchase system to service-type agency system.This isimportant to deepening the reform of the foreign trade system.

Gasification kinetics of bulk coke in the CO2/CO/H2/H2O/N2 system simulating the atmosphere in the industrial blast furnace

The gasification characteristics and gasification kinetics of coke in complex CO2/CO/H2/H2O/N2 systems similar to the gas system of industrial blast furnace (BF) were studied by the method of isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. The experimental gas compositions and the corresponding temperature were chosen according to data reported for industrial BFs. The gasification behavior of coke was described by the Random Pore Model (RPM), Volumetric Model (VM), and Grain Model (GM). Results showed that the gas composition of the coke gasification zone in BF changes slightly and that the temperature is the most important factor affecting coke gasification. The lower activation energy of coke samples (Coke Reaction Index (CRI)>50) is due to the high Fe2O3 in the ash, lower degree of graphitization, and larger pore structure. In addition, the choice of kinetic model does not differ substantially in describing the gasification mechanism of coke in a BF.

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system

In this article, coke plant wastewater was treated by a simultaneous nitrifying and denitrifying （SND） fixed biofilm hybrid system. The results showed that suitable parameters of the system were important for the performance of the bio-degradation system. The chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency in this system was satisfactory, higher than 94%, and ammonia nitrogen was higher than 95%. The effluent COD concentration could meet the discharge standard, except for very few situations. The results showed that a sufficient carbon source was important for making ammonia nitrogen concentration meet the discharge standard. Then the TiN removal efficiency in this system can be brought higher than 94%. Dissolved oxygen （DO） is very important to the performance of the SND bio-degradation system, and the suitable DO is about 3.5-4.0 mg/L at the forepart of reactor. In addition, the performance of the system was almost not affected by pH value. The results show that the system is feasible to treat coke plant wastewater.

Mission-oriented dynamic optimization model of carrying spares for warship redundant system

Redundancy is a common structure for warship system,and it is an effective way to improve the reliability of the system.In this paper, warship system is taken as the object of study,based on the system reliability equivalence principle, a spares demand rate calculation method for redundant system is proposed through structure transformation. According to the system analysis method, the general modeling data structure of spares support echelon and system indenture is established, and the mission success probability is taken as the optimization target to build the dynamic optimization model of carrying spares during the process of multi-phase. By introducing the Lagrange multiplier, the spares weight, volume and cost are transformed to the single target of the spares total scale, and the initial Lagrange factors and its dynamic adjustment policy is proposed. In a given example, the main influence factors of the carrying spares project are analyzed, and the study results are in accordance with the reality, which can provide a new approach to mission-oriented carrying spares optimization for the redundant system.

Assessing the Carrying Capacity of Tourist Resorts: An Application of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior Simulator Based on GIS and Multi-Agent System

Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.

Spatial and Dynamic Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development Using Geographic Information System and Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources

Relative carrying capacity of resources is an index to measure sustainable development through carrying capacity. Case studies of eleven cities in Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui) illustrated regional sustainable development approach. In this study, to provide insight into spatial and dynamic analysis of region sustainable development, we calculated the relative carrying capacity of land resources and economical resources and synthetical carrying capacity of resources in different cities in Zhejiang, and geographic information system was carried out. The results showed that all cities but Hangzhou and Ningbo were ecologically sustainable, and relative carrying capacity of land resources in northern and eastern Zhejiang was larger than those in southern and western Zhejiang. The sampling years of Wenzhou, Hangzhou and Ningbo contribution rates of land resource to synthetic carrying capacity were grouped into three stages, and there were two milestones trends and changes in 1996 and 2004, respectively. This study demonstrated that geographic information system and relative carrying capacity of resources are effective for assessment of region sustainable development, and provide policy guidelines for decision-making.

Empirical Research on Carrying Capacity of Human Settlement System in Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China

Using the theories of population carrying capacity and ecological elasticity in other fields for reference, the connotation of regional human settlement system was defined from the viewpoint of the complex relationship among the factors such as regional population, resources, environment and economic and social development in the context of China′s rapid urbanization. Then the concept and characterization methods of the regional human settlement carrying capacity were proposed by means of population scale. Furthermore, a model of carrying capacity-pressure-state-response(CPSR) on regional human settlement system was established by referencing pressure-state-response(PSR) model, and the Catastrophe Theory was introduced to determine the corresponding standards of multi-criteria programming and evaluation. Taking Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China as an example, an empirical analysis on evaluation of human settlement system from 2000 to 2012 was carried out. The results showed that the carrying capacity of human settlement system in Dalian was fluctuating between 9.6 × 106 to 10 × 106 persons with a quantitative stage of the dynamic regulation. During the research period the load index of human settlement system in Dalian dropped from 0.96 to 0.84 with a lower pressure of human settlement system than the national average level. And the emergency response grades of human settlement system in Dalian were kept in grade Ⅱ(orange warning) or grade Ⅲ(yellow warning). Human settlement system of Dalian was in slight security state as a whole, but the load had a tendency of increase in recent years. The related departments should pay close attention to regional human settlement system and take active measures to improve human settlement by both intensity control and total quantity control. By comparison, analysis and discussion, it was considered that the results were basically accordded with the current situations of human settlement in Dalian, and the evaluation results were more reliable, visualized and easily applied in practice. Therefore, the above-mentioned concepts, characterization and evaluation methods of the regional human settlement system and carrying capacity could provide a new thought and method for quantitative evaluation of human settlement.

Evaluation of the Impact of the Handling and Storage System of Petroleum Coke on PM10 Emissions in an Oil Refinery

The objective of this study was to identify the impact of the coke handling and storage system on the emission of PM10 particulate material.The methodology was based on AP-42 emission factors from U.S.EPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency)for the calculation of PM10 emissions from operations in the handling and storage of petroleum coke in an oil refinery in the northeastern of Brazil.The knowledge of the emission potential of each operation of the coke handling and storage system allows the adoption of more effective control measures,contributing to the effective reduction of PM10 emissions in this system.To complement the environmental impact assessment of each configuration,an air quality modelling was performed using the atmospheric dispersion software.The comparison performed in this study enables authors to conclude,even for a totally mechanic system,that adopts control measures,PM10 emissions are low when confronted with the remaining sources of an oil refinery.By analyzing emissions from automated systems operation(scenario 1),it can be observed that the source with higher emission potential is the stockpile,which represents 60%of the system’s emission.Transfer and transport operations by conveyor belts together correspond to 40%of emissions.Even though transfer operations also represent a significant part(27%),they are not clustered in a unique point,making these emissions abatement difficult.The same is valid for transport using conveyor belts.Emissions from the piles are really the most significant.For this reason,this work concentrated efforts in the storage area,the ones that motivate the majority of studies relating to abatement technologies.

Application of System Dynamics in Analyzing the Cultivated Land-Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Bijie Prefecture,China

The cultivated land-water resources carrying capacity （CL-WRCC） with the method of system dynamics （SD） were analyzed. Bijie prefecture of Guizhou province served as a case in this study. Bijie prefecture is one of the least-developed areas in China. In Bijie, the physical and chemical characteristics of karst as well as the rapid economic development lead to the scarcities of cultivated land-water resources （CL-WR）. On the basis of analysis on the subsystems of Bijie CL.WRCC system, the fundamental feedback structure of CL-WRCC was presented by causal loop diagram. Considering the three alms （＂ poverty alleviation and development, ecological construction, and population control＂） of Bijie as the major goals, Bijie CL-WRCC SD model was developed. Three scenarios, resource-saving and environment-friendly development-oriented scenario （Scenario 1 ）, fast economic development-oriented scenario （ Scenario 2 ）, and coordinated development-oriented scenario （Scenario 3 ）, were investigated. Simulation results indicate that Scenario 3 which takes social economic development, environment protection, and cultivated land- water resources utilization into account, is the best alternative scenario. It can promote the coordination development of society, economy, cultivated land, water resources, and environment. In this study, the technological support and the decision-making for the rational use of CL-WR are provided not only in Bijie, but also in other similar regions of China.

Review on the Evaluation System of Public Safety Carrying Capacity about Small Town Community

Recently,small town community public safety problem has been increasingly highlighted,but its research is short on public safety carrying capacity. Through the investigation and study of community public safety carrying capacity,this paper analyzes the problem of community public safety in our country,to construct index evaluation system of public safety carrying capacity in small town community. DEA method is used to evaluate public safety carrying capacity in small town community,to provide scientific basis for the design of support and standardization theory about small town community in public safety planning.

Construction of recombinant adenovirus carrying the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene using the modified AdEasy system

To construct recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the human bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) gene and amplify the adenovirus vector in 293 E cells.Methods hBMP-2cDNA was inserted into adenovirus shuttle plasmid-pAdtrackCMV to generate a recombinant plasmid pAdtrackCMV-hBMP2,then the PmeⅠ-linearized plasmid pAdtrackCMV-hBMP2 was electroporated into E.coli BJ5183 cells that had been electroporated adenovirus backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1.The DNA contained in the identified recombinant plasmid was digested with PacⅠ and transfected into 293E cells to package the adenovirus,followed by identification of the recombinant adenovirus by means of observation of green fluorescence protein expression under fluorescent microscopy.After amplified in 29E cells,the Adenovirus was transfected into 293 cells,and the green fluorescence protein expression was detected.Results Recombinant adenoviral vector hBMP2 vere was constructed successfully,which was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and GFP expression.Conclusion The combinant adenoviral vector carrying hBMP2 was successfully constructed,and provided the basis of hBMP2 gene therapy.2 refs.

Numerical Analysis on the Magneto-Elastic Stability of Current-Carrying Conductors: Aiming at Applications for the Tokamak System

A novel method for calculating the magnetic stiffness matrix was proposed for the numerical analysis of the magneto-elastic stability of complicated current-carrying structures aim- ing for application in the magneto-elastic behavior of the tokamak system. A code based on the proposed method was developed and applied to the numerical analysis of two typical current- carrying structures. The good consistency of the numerical and analytical results validated the proposed method and the related numerical code.

A mathematical model for optimized operation and controlin a CDQ-Boiler system

Based on analyzing the thermal process of a CDQ （coke dry quenching）-Boiler system, the mathematical model for opti-mized operation and control in the CDQ-Boiler system was developed. It includes a mathematical model for heat transferring process in the CDQ unit, a mathematical model for heat transferring process in the boiler and a combustion model for circulating gas in the CDQ-Boiler system. The model was verified by field data, then a series of simulations under several typical operating conditions of CDQ-Boiler were carried on, and in turn, the online relation formulas between the productivity and the optimal circulating gas, and the one between the productivity and the optimal second air, were achieved respectively. These relation equations have been success- fully used in a CDQ-Boiler computer control system in the Baosteel, to realize online optimized guide and control, and meanwhile high efficiency in the CDQ-Boiler system has been achieved.

Estimating the Limits in System Design for 48 V Automotive Power Applications

The design process in power electronics is driven by increased utilisation level of the used components to gain performance whilst keeping cost low. This article provides an overview on challenges in low-voltage high-current systems, e.g. used in automotive applications. The main content points are： topology selection--single systems vs. cascaded systems, PCB manufacturing technology overview, current measurement methods, bulk capacitor design （ceramic DC link） and PCB design instructions for high-current systems. The PCB design instructions target on optimised thermal design for maximised PCB utilisation and on optimised track design for a low inductance DC link interconnection. The paper bases on calculations, measurements and simulations.

Research on the Evaluation System for Rural Public Safety Planning

The indicator evaluation system is introduced to the study of rural public safety planning in this article.By researching the current rural public safety planning and environmental carrying capacity,we select some carrying capacity indicators influencing the rural public safety,such as land,population,ecological environment,water resources,infrastructure,economy and society,to establish the environmental carrying capacity indicator system.We standardize the indicators,use gray correlation analysis method to determine the weight of indicators,and make DEA evaluation of the indicator system,to obtain the evaluation results as the basis for decision making in rural safety planning,and provide scientific and quantified technical support for rural public safety planning.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN EBV-xy1E SHUTTLE VECTOR SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF MUTATI0N IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

The Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid gene xy1E,whichproduces catechol 2,3-dioxygenase （CatO2ase;catechol:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase （decyclizing）,EC 1.13.11.2 ）was used as a target gene to study the mechanisms ofmutation and induced mutation frequency in

Design of Automatic Measurement & Control System in Spectrum and Life-energy

The physical research of heavy element in the field of high ionization & little electron is one focus in the international front physical fields.Our research in this field is based on HIRFL and we selectively carry through some experiments using different energy ion obtained by accelerator.We design an automatic measurement & control system in spectrum ＆ life-energy in order to do the experiments.The principle of this system is