长链非编码RNA POT1-AS1在宫颈癌顺铂耐药中的作用研究

背景同步放化疗是晚期宫颈癌(cervical cancer,CC)的治疗方法,顺铂(cisplatin,CDDP)是目前临床化疗使用的主要药物之一,CDDP耐药的发生严重制约了其临床应用,因此针对CDDP耐药发生机制的研究对CC的治疗至关重要。目的探索长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)POT1-AS1在宫颈癌CDDP耐药中的作用。方法基于TCGA数据库,分析POT1-AS1在CC组织及正常组织中的表达情况,并分析POT1-AS1的表达量与预后的关系。采用CCK-8实验评估CDDP处理后的耐药细胞系和亲本细胞系、siPOT1-AS1组和siNC组的活力并测定相应的半抑制浓度(the half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)检测POT1-AS1在耐药细胞系及相应亲本细胞系中的表达以及POT1-AS1表达与CDDP作用时间的相关性。克隆形成实验检测POT1-AS1对CDDP耐药细胞增殖情况的影响。PI/DAPI双染荧光用于评估POT1-AS1与CDDP诱导的细胞死亡的相关性。结果POT1-AS1在CC肿瘤组织中高表达,并与不良预后相关。耐药细胞系的细胞活力及IC50值显著高于亲本细胞系(P<0.001),POT1-AS1沉默组的细胞活力及IC50值显著低于阴性对照(negative control,NC)组(P<0.001),差异均有统计学意义。POT1-AS1在耐药细胞系中的表达显著高于亲本细胞系(P<0.001),且随着CDDP给药时间的延长而增加。沉默POT1-AS1后可显著抑制耐药细胞的增殖能力(P<0.01)。与NC组相比,POT1-AS1沉默组的CC耐药细胞死亡率显著增加(P<0.01),尤其是在加入CDDP作用后(P<0.01)。结论POT1-AS1与宫颈癌CDDP耐药密切相关,并通过抑制CDDP诱导的细胞死亡发挥促癌作用。

基于改进POT模型的混凝土浇筑仓温度双控指标拟定

基于小概率法或最大熵法拟定浇筑仓温度双控指标时对样本数据的极端值保留程度欠缺,而现有文献关于温度双控指标拟定所选取的典型龄期没有明确的物理意义。为避免混凝土浇筑仓温度超过容许最高温度,结合某混凝土坝在高温季节浇筑仓实测温度,采用POT模型拟定了混凝土浇筑仓在绝热温升半熟龄期下的温度双控指标。为了提高结果可靠性,选用基于3σ准则改进的阈值确定方法,并提出了一种改进的POT模型条件概率确定方法。工程实例分析表明:采用改进POT模型与典型小概率法拟定的温度双控指标较为接近,但由于POT模型重点考虑了极端条件下的浇筑仓温度,对极端事件概率下的估计更为准确,由此求出的温度双控指标更合理。此外,选取混凝土浇筑仓在绝热温升半熟龄期作为拟定温度双控指标的典型龄期更利于工程推广。

极值BMM模型与POT模型对面板堆石坝安全监控指标拟定的比较研究

研究极值理论中极值BMM模型和POT模型在大坝安全监控指标拟定上的运用,通过引用经济学上的分位数和极端风险(VaR)值的概念,根据对应公式计算出相应数值进行量化比较分析。研究结果表明,极值BMM模型和POT模型在高置信水平下均能反映出数据的极端风险状况;在99%置信水平下两模型VaR值均大于在95%置信水平下的VaR值;在99%置信水平下极值BMM模型计算出的VaR值比POT模型下的VaR值更大,且接近于拟定指标,表明极值BMM模型下VaR值更能反映出数据的极值状态;在指标拟定方面,极值BMM模型较为适合拟定数据范围内的警戒指标,而POT模型指标拟定结果是超越样本数据本身,具有一定的预测性,适合拟定为样本数据的预测指标。

高层建筑围护结构风压系数的概率特征及其极值POT估计

为获得高层建筑围护结构设计风荷载,通常需要考虑其表面风压系数的概率特征,进而进行极值估计。针对当前基于超越阈值模型的风压系数极值估计方法存在阈值选取困难,需要较大样本的不足,基于高层建筑标准模型进行风洞试验,首先研究其表面风压系数的概率特征,结果表明迎风区测点接近高斯分布,分离区测点风压系数母体接近Gamma分布,风压系数极小值接近GEV(general extreme value,GEV)分布;提出一种改进的POT(peak over threshold,POT)极值估计方法进行表面风压系数极值估计,进而与几种传统极值估计方法进行对比,结果表明改进POT极值估计方法可实现小样本的风压系数极值估计,其估计结果与大样本容量的标准极值偏差小于5%,且稳定性较好;最后给出了标准高层建筑模型表面极值风压系数。

基于POT模型的股票市场风险度量研究

股票市场风险度量是规避股市风险的关键所在,文章基于广义帕累托分布的POT模型对股票市场风险度量进行了研究。针对POT模型中阈值确定困难的问题,在对峰度法、Hill估计法分析的基础上,提出了斜率变点检测的阈值确定方法。研究发现,将POT模型应用于股票市场分析中,95%CI与90%CI相比,VaR更具可信度,且股市的流动性较低,其市场风险也就越大。

基于2σ-chauvenet准则的POT模型的膨胀土渠坡位移监控指标拟定

在深挖方膨胀土渠坡的长期服役过程中,借助位移监控指标实时辨识渠坡服役性态是确保渠坡安全运行的重要手段,因此拟定合理的监控指标对于保障渠坡工程的安全具有重要意义。在POT模型的基础上,引入2σ准则和chauvenet准则,建立了阈值与监控指标之间的对应关系,通过求解满足该对应关系下的最佳阈值,建立了膨胀土渠坡位移监控指标拟定的改进POT模型,并应用于南水北调中线工程陶岔段的深挖方膨胀土渠坡工程中。结果表明,相较传统POT模型,基于2σ-chauvenet准则的改进POT模型可有效避免主观性与随机误差,具有更高的计算精度,拟定的位移监控指标更偏于安全,对防范渠坡风险、确保渠坡安全长效运行具有更强的指导意义。

基于POT模型的泄水闸检修门库裂缝开合度安全监控指标拟定

针对传统混凝土裂缝开合度安全监控指标拟定中对监测数据利用率不高,对数据尾部特征刻画差,导致拟定监控指标精度低的问题,本文结合王甫洲水利枢纽泄水闸检修门库近一年的裂缝实测资料,首先选取涉及汛期、高低温季节等不利工况作用下的典型裂缝开合度监测资料系列作为样本数据,然后引入POT模型拟定了裂缝开合度监控指标,最后对所拟定的裂缝开合度监控指标进行分析评价.结果表明,相对于典型小概率法拟定的监控指标,由于POT模型具有对采集信息利用率高、能够更好地刻画数据分布的尾部特征的优点,该方法拟定的裂缝开合度监控指标精度更高.

基于POT和BMM模型的甘河洪水演变特征分析

全球气候变化引起极端洪水频发和强度增大,增加流域洪水风险。甘河是嫩江尼尔基水库上游最大的支流,其洪水演变关乎下游尼尔基水库的防洪调度。本研究基于甘河1958~2018年的逐日气温、降水和径流等数据,利用块最大值模型和超阈值模型,在对洪水事件提取的基础上,分析了洪水事件发生次数、发生时间和洪峰流量的演变特征,并探究了洪水演变与降水、气温关系。结果表明:甘河流域洪水频发,61 a间共发生了124次洪水事件,且主要集中在5~10月。年最大洪峰流量总体呈增加趋势,增加速率为4.6 m^(3)/(s·a);年最大洪峰发生时间均有提前趋势,增加速率为0.37 d/a。洪水与气温相关性较弱,与降水密切相关,甘河流域易形成暴雨型洪水;洪峰发生前10 d的降水频率和强度与洪水的相关性最为密切,且年最大7日洪量和最大7日降水量变化趋势大致相当。研究成果可为甘河洪水风险管理和下游尼尔基水库的防洪调度与水安全保障提供参考。

Study on a Bowl-based Mechanism for Transplanting Potted Strawberry Seedlings

To improve the efficiency of fetching and transplanting seedlings for the mechanization of strawberry planting,an integrated transplanting mechanism was designed with protruding,fetching and planting performance to achieve rapid fetching and pushing bowl movements.According to the working principle of the slewing mechanism,a kinematics model and the optimization goal were established,respectively.Based on visual auxiliary analysis software,optimal parameters were obtained.A three-dimensional model was established to obtain a simulation trajectory by means of a virtual simulation design analysis.Three-dimensional printing technology was used to manufacture the test prototype,and the actual working trajectories of the test prototype were extracted using high-speed photography technology,which verified the consistency of the actual trajectory with the theoretical and simulated trajectories.A prototype transplanting experiment was performed with the success rate of seedling extraction of 91.2%and excellent planting rate of 82.8%,which met the requirements for integrated strawberry harvesting,planting and transplanting.The experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of the design of integrated transplanting mechanism.

Determination of Monitoring Control Value for Concrete Gravity Dam Spatial Deformation Based on POT Model

Deformation can directly reflect the working behavior of the dam,so determining the deformation monitoring control value can effectively monitor the safety of dam operation.The traditional dam deformation monitoring control value only considers the single measuring point.In order to overcome the limitation,this paper presents a new method to determine the monitoring control value for concrete gravity dam based on the deformations of multi-measuring points.A dam’s comprehensive deformation displacement is determined by the measured values at different measuring points on the positive inverted vertical line and the corresponding weight of eachmeasuring point.The projection pursuit method(PPM)combined with the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm is used to determine the weight of each measuring point according to the spatial correlation distribution characteristics of dam deformation.The peaks over threshold(POT)model based on the extreme value theory is adopted to determine the monitoring control value with the obtained dam comprehensive deformation displacement.In addition,the POTmodel is improved with the automatic threshold determinationmethod based on the 3σcriterion in probability theory and the GWO algorithm,which can avoid subjectivity and randomness in determining the threshold.The results of the engineering application show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method.

Elaboration of Ceramic Pot Filter from Kaolinite (Cameroon Clay) for the Elimination of Suspended Particles from Domestic Drinking Water

The objective of this work was to elaborate ceramic water filters from Kaolinite (Cameroon) clay for the elimination of suspended particles from domestic drinking water. In Sub-Sahara Africa and in Cameroon in particular health issues have been linked to the consummation of domestic tap water of high turbidity values both in the rural and urban areas. In order to remedy these problems, ceramic water pot filters have been elaborated in a pilot scale unit with aim of putting in place a unit production. The chemical composition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of the raw materials (clay and rice husks) was determined. The crystal phases and scanning electron microscope of Wack clay was also determined. The ceramic pot filter membranes were fabricated from the formulations 70/20/10 of clay/porogen/chamotte respectively with the particle size of the raw material less than or equal to 500 μm. The formulated ceramic pot filters were then sintered at 900˚C in a furnace. These ceramic pot filters were characterized by determining their porosity, withdrawal percentages, water permeability, mechanical and chemical resistance. The study of the efficiency consisted in evaluating the retention rate and permeate flux with respect to time (days) with synthetic water suspensions of turbidity 100 NTU and particle size of 2 μm. The ceramic pot filters were made aiming at studying the efficiency after physical defouling of filters. Physical defouling consisted in brushing the inner surface of the ceramic pot filters with water and drying them at ambient temperature after being used for 11 days and reusing them under the same initial conditions. The produced ceramic pot filter had a volume of 4 L, an average porosity of 36.15%, shrinkage in mass or withdrawal percentage of 18.23%, a water permeability of 59.6 × 103 L∙h−2∙m−2, mechanical resistance of 6.8 MPa and corrosion resistance of 1.6% in acidic medium and 0.8% in alkaline medium. The evaluation of the retention efficiency reveals that the retention rate of 99.9% was obtained from the 9th day of filtration reducing the turbidity value from 100 NTU to less than 0.1 NTU. From the filtration test carried out during the 11 consecutive days, the flow rate varied between 1.46 L∙h−1 to 2.63 L∙h−1. Similar results of retention and flow rate were obtained after physical defouling of the ceramic pot filter membranes and re-using for 11 consecutive days, showing the efficiency of the ceramic pot filter membranes in eliminating suspended particles from drinking water. Cost evaluation for the production unit reveals a total cost of production for 50 ceramic pot filters of 1593.6 USD consisting of fixed assets and variable assets. An estimated selling price of 3.3 USD was obtained which is affordable for both the urban and rural population in Cameroon and in sub-Saharan Africa.

番茄钵苗移栽探出式取钵机构设计与试验

为了降低番茄钵苗移栽过程取钵机构对秧苗钵土根系的损伤,同时避免机械式钵苗移栽机构设计特殊取苗轨迹与姿态的优化难题,提出了一种可与系列移栽机构配合使用的番茄钵苗探出式取钵机构,实现取苗各关键位置机构秧针以固定角度完成探出入钵、移动送苗及收回推秧工序。根据钵苗移栽取钵过程分析与设计要求,建立了探出式取钵机构力学分析模型,并获得影响秧针扎入钵土时驱动杆受最小驱动力的因素。基于Matlab App Designer平台开发了取钵机构计算机辅助分析设计软件,获得满足番茄钵苗移栽要求的取钵机构设计参数集。采用三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验方法,以驱动杆斜杆夹角、钵体含水率、入钵深度为试验因素,以钵体完整率和取苗成功率为评价指标,试制样机并搭建台架实施参数组合优化及验证试验,结果表明:探出式取钵机构可有效地配合取苗机构完成各项性能工作要求,在参数组合为驱动斜杆间夹角112°、钵体含水率57.5%、入钵深度28.4 mm时作业效果最佳,钵体完整率为96.44%,取苗成功率为97.06%,满足钵苗移栽作业性能。

Elaboration of Ceramic Pot Filter from Kaolinite (Cameroon Clay) for the Elimination of Suspended Particles from Domestic Drinking Water

The objective of this work was to elaborate ceramic water filters from Kaolinite (Cameroon) clay for the elimination of suspended particles from domestic drinking water. In Sub-Sahara Africa and in Cameroon in particular health issues have been linked to the consummation of domestic tap water of high turbidity values both in the rural and urban areas. In order to remedy these problems, ceramic water pot filters have been elaborated in a pilot scale unit with aim of putting in place a unit production. The chemical composition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of the raw materials (clay and rice husks) was determined. The crystal phases and scanning electron microscope of Wack clay was also determined. The ceramic pot filter membranes were fabricated from the formulations 70/20/10 of clay/porogen/chamotte respectively with the particle size of the raw material less than or equal to 500 μm. The formulated ceramic pot filters were then sintered at 900˚C in a furnace. These ceramic pot filters were characterized by determining their porosity, withdrawal percentages, water permeability, mechanical and chemical resistance. The study of the efficiency consisted in evaluating the retention rate and permeate flux with respect to time (days) with synthetic water suspensions of turbidity 100 NTU and particle size of 2 μm. The ceramic pot filters were made aiming at studying the efficiency after physical defouling of filters. Physical defouling consisted in brushing the inner surface of the ceramic pot filters with water and drying them at ambient temperature after being used for 11 days and reusing them under the same initial conditions. The produced ceramic pot filter had a volume of 4 L, an average porosity of 36.15%, shrinkage in mass or withdrawal percentage of 18.23%, a water permeability of 59.6 × 103 L∙h−2∙m−2, mechanical resistance of 6.8 MPa and corrosion resistance of 1.6% in acidic medium and 0.8% in alkaline medium. The evaluation of the retention efficiency reveals that the retention rate of 99.9% was obtained from the 9th day of filtration reducing the turbidity value from 100 NTU to less than 0.1 NTU. From the filtration test carried out during the 11 consecutive days, the flow rate varied between 1.46 L∙h−1 to 2.63 L∙h−1. Similar results of retention and flow rate were obtained after physical defouling of the ceramic pot filter membranes and re-using for 11 consecutive days, showing the efficiency of the ceramic pot filter membranes in eliminating suspended particles from drinking water. Cost evaluation for the production unit reveals a total cost of production for 50 ceramic pot filters of 1593.6 USD consisting of fixed assets and variable assets. An estimated selling price of 3.3 USD was obtained which is affordable for both the urban and rural population in Cameroon and in sub-Saharan Africa.

不同直插型基质对3种盆栽菊花生长的影响以及综合评价

为提高盆栽菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium)扦插繁殖的成活率,提高菊花生产效率,以既有扦插基质又有营养基质的直插型基质代替传统栽培基质,设置了12种不同扦插基质,配合前期筛选的营养基质,扦插培养3种盆栽菊花‘辉煌’‘波尔多红’‘黄芙蓉’。测量其生长、生理以及光合指标,并利用主成分分析和隶属函数对不同直插型基质的盆栽菊花生长效果进行综合评价。结果表明:扦插基质为Z1(河沙)、Z2(珍珠岩)、Z3(蛭石)时,3个盆栽菊花品种的株高、茎粗、冠幅及花期等生长指标更具优势。‘辉煌’‘波尔多红’‘黄芙蓉’在Z2处理中的综合评价指数最高,分别为0.999、0.940、1.000,说明其育苗效果最好,可作为最佳直插型基质,其次为Z1、Z3处理。而扦插基质中,椰糠、稻壳和泥炭体积占比较大时,并不利于盆栽菊花的生长。

钵苗移栽机取苗装置的设计与试验

设计了一种钵苗移栽机取苗装置,并对夹苗和松苗两种状态下的末端执行器进行运动仿真,从而选择合适行程的气缸或推杆作为原动件。选用凸轮机构用于顶苗,根据凸轮各阶段工作规律设计出合理的轮廓线,利用仿真验证出满足设计要求。试验结果表明:设计的取苗装置未取出率平均值为8.22%,取苗成功率平均值为91.78%,达到了设计目标。

蔬菜穴盘育苗播种漏播检测及智能补种装置设计与试验

为保证植物工厂蔬菜穴盘育苗高质量作业要求,该研究在气吸滚筒式蔬菜穴盘育苗精密播种器的基础上,优化设计了在线漏播检测与智能补种装置,以可编程逻辑控制器(programmable logic controller,PLC)为控制核心,实时进行播种器吸孔漏吸检测及穴盘穴孔漏播位置预报,并完成漏播穴孔的定点定穴补种。采用光电检测技术检测播种器吸孔漏吸位置,构建漏吸吸孔与育苗穴盘穴孔的对应动态补种矩阵,实现穴盘穴孔漏播位置精准预报;优化设计了智能补种装置,根据预报的穴盘穴孔漏播位置实现定点定穴精准补种。以中双11号菜心种子为对象,开展播种器吸孔漏吸检测与穴孔漏播位置预报试验,得到吸孔漏吸平均检测准确率为98.82%,穴孔漏播位置预报准确率为100%。采用BoxBehnken试验设计方法,对智能补种装置开展作业性能试验,构建主要性能指标(单粒合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数)与主要影响因素(吸针负压、吸针孔径和种室振动压力)的关系,并进行多目标优化,确定智能补种装置最优工作参数组合为吸针负压10.19 kPa、吸针孔径0.67 mm、种室振动压力0.07 MPa,此时补种装置播种的平均单粒合格指数为94.80%、重播指数为2.94%、漏播指数为2.26%。开展整机性能试验,在生产率为100盘/h条件下,整机的单粒合格指数由补种前的93.96%提高到98.18%;在生产率为300盘/h条件下,单粒合格指数由补种前的93.18%提高到97.89%。试验结果满足植物工厂和大田蔬菜穴盘育苗播种装置高精密播种作业要求,可提高蔬菜穴盘育苗的播种性能。

一锅法高效合成氧杂卓并[2,3-c]吡唑类化合物

氧杂卓和吡唑作为优势骨架广泛存在于有生物活性的天然产物和药物分子中。本文探究了碱作用下吡唑类缺电子烯烃与二甲硫醚及4-溴丙烯酸酯一锅法环化反应,考察了碱、溶剂以及物质的量之比对反应收率的影响,并以67%~86%的收率得到系列氧杂卓并[2,3-c]吡唑类化合物,其结构经^(1)H NMR、^(13)C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)确证。

邻叠氮苯甲酸的“一锅法”合成及其酯化反应

邻叠氮苯甲酸是一类有机合成中常用的原料和反应中间体。以六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)为溶剂,邻硝基苯甲醛通过叠氮化反应转化为邻叠氮苯甲醛中间体。以新制的氧化银为氧化剂,邻叠氮苯甲醛中间体一锅法室温氧化得到相应的邻叠氮苯甲酸。2-叠氮苯甲酸的酰基化中间体后可顺利转化为酯类化合物,其中的邻叠氮苯甲酸丙酮醇酯经过斯陶丁格/N-维悌希反应环化得到2-甲基-3H-苯并[e][1,4]氧杂环戊烯-5-酮。

手性δ-取代己内酰胺化学/酶串联一锅法合成及立体构型调控

报道了一种以1-取代高烯丙基胺为原料,结合酶催化动态动力学拆分与分子内烯烃复分解反应串联一锅法制备手性δ-取代己内酰胺的方法。分别用脂肪酶和蛋白酶作为动态动力学拆分催化剂,实现了手性δ-取代己内酰胺立体构型的调控。通过该方法制备的R-δ-取代己内酰胺的对映体过量值(enantiomeric excess,ee)均在90%以上,产率维持在76%以上;所制备的S-δ-取代己内酰胺的ee也在82%以上,产率均高于70%。

不同氮磷钾水平对枫叶秋海棠观赏性状的影响

以具膨大茎基的枫叶秋海棠为试验材料,通过温室盆栽试验,考察不同氮磷钾水平对枫叶秋海棠观赏性状(茎基直径、生物量、株高、分枝数和开花数等)的影响,以期为枫叶秋海棠规范化栽培与生产的合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,与标准浓度NPK处理相比,缺氮、缺磷处理下枫叶秋海棠生长和各观赏性状指标均显著降低;提高氮、磷水平对枫叶秋海棠的茎基直径、茎基和地上部分生物量、株高、分枝数和开花数均有不同程度的促进作用,其中2NPK处理下,枫叶秋海棠的茎基直径、茎基生物量和开花数量等各项生长指标均高于其他处理。综上所述,不同氮磷钾水平对枫叶秋海棠观赏性状影响显著,在保证磷素供应的基础上提高氮素供给水平对维持枫叶秋海棠的健康生长和良好的观赏形态尤为重要。