RESEARCH ON THE QUALITY PRICE RATIO OF COKING COAL

If assortment priee parity of Clase coking coal and its qtalty price danrcnee is nonreasonable, it deren't gulde in Anprotrig tbe quallry metaliurgical coking coal and may be influence theeconomic benefit of metallurgical enterprises. This paper propose the principles and mathematicmodel for determination aseortment party of clean cokingcoal and its quality difference of ash content in clean coking coal in order to urge wasbenes into producing superior clean coking cleal whichis under condition of consideration both interest waskeries and interest metallurgicai industry. It canbe used as a method in theory to make price strategies under condition of socialism maket economicfor washeries of clean coking coal

Speciation and thermal transformation of sulfur forms in high-sulfur coal and its utilization in coal-blending coking process:A review

The utilization of high-sulfur coal is becoming more urgent due to the excessive utilization of low-sulfur,high-quality coal resources,and sulfur removal from high-sulfur coal is the most important issue.This paper reviews the speciation,forms and distribution of sulfur in coal,the sulfur removal from raw coal,the thermal transformation of sulfur during coal pyrolysis,and the sulfur regulation during coal-blending coking of high organic-sulfur coals.It was suggested that the proper characterization of sulfur in coal cannot be obtained only by either chemical method or instrumental characterization,which raises the need of a combination of current or newly adopted characterization methods.Different from the removal of inorganic sulfur from coal,the organic sulfur can only be partly removed by chemical technologies;and the coal structure and property,particularly high-sulfur coking coals which have caking ability,may be altered and affected by the pretreatment processes.Based on the interactions among the sulfur radicals,sulfur-containing and hydrogen-containing fragments during coal pyrolysis and the reactions with minerals or nascent char,regulating the sulfur transformation behavior in the process of thermal conversion is the most effective way to utilize high organic-sulfur coals in the coke-making industry.An in-situ regulation approach of sulfur transformation during coal-blending coking has been suggested.That is,the high volatile coals with an appropriate releasing temperature range of CH4 overlapping well with that of H2 S from high organic-sulfur coals is blended with high organic-sulfur coals,and the C–S/C–C bonds in some sulfur forms are catalytically broken and immediately hydrogenated by the hydrogencontaining radicals generated from high volatile coals.Wherein,the effect of mass transfer on sulfur regulation during the coking process should be considered for the larger-scale coking tests through optimizing the ratios of different coals in the coal blend.

Preparation of CaO-containing carbon pellets from coking coal and calcium oxide:Effects of temperature,pore distribution and carbon structure on compressive strength in pyrolysis furnace

CaO-containing carbon pellets(CCCP)were successfully prepared from well-mixed coking coal(CC)and calcium oxide(CaO)and roasted at different pyrolysis temperatures.The effects of temperature,pore distribution,and carbon structure on the compressive strength of CCCP was investigated in a pyrolysis furnace(350-750℃).The results showed that as the roasting temperature increased,the compressive strength also increased and furthermore,structural defects and imperfections in the carbon crystallites were gradually eliminated to form more organized char structures,thus forming high-ordered CC.Notably,the CCCP preheated at 750℃exhibited the highest compressive strength.A positive relationship between the compressive strength and pore-size homogeneity was established.A linear relationship between the com-pressive strength of the CCCP and the average stack height of CC was observed.Additionally,a four-stage caking mechanism was developed.

Preparation and performance analysis of a coking coal dust suppressant spray

Coking coal dust is extremely hydrophobic;therefore,combination with droplets in the air is difficult and dust suppression is challenging.Here,a dust suppressant spray for coking coal dust was studied in order to improve of the combination of droplets and coking coal dust.Based on monomer optimization and compounding analysis,two surfactant monomers,fatty alcohol ether sodium sulfate(AES)and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)were selected as the surfactant components of the dust suppressant.The surfactant monomers were combined with four inorganic salts and the reverse osmosis moisture absorption of each solution was determined.By combining the reverse osmosis moisture absorption values with the water retention experimental results,CaCl_(2)was identified as the optimal inorganic salt additive for the dust suppressant.Finally,the optimal concentration of each component was obtained using orthogonal experimental design i.e.,AES(0.03%),SDBS(0.05%),and CaCl_(2)(0.4%).The dust suppressant solution formulated using this method had a high moisture absorption capacity and excellent performance.

Disposal of Waste Plastics With Traditional Coking Process

A new technology for treating waste plastics （WP） by traditional coking process was introduced. With a thermo-balance and a 10 g atmospheric fixed bed reactor, the thermo-gravimetric behavior and product were studied during co-coking of WP with blended coal. And then, using a coke-oven with capacity of 200 kg, the characteristics of products were assessed. The results showed that there is an overlapping temperature range （200-550℃ ） of decomposition between WP and blended coal, and the pyrolysis synergism index η and synergism strength β proposed could evaluate the synergism between them. 1% of added WP results in the maximum synergism in all series experiments. The increase of added WP decreases the synergism. Tar yield in co-coking is increased with the decrease of water yield for synergism. Moreover, it was also found that the quality indexes of coke, such as M10, M40, CRI and CSR, are degraded with the increase of WP until 4%, though the quality of tar and gas is optimized for WP addition.

Effect of Indian Medium Coking Coal on Coke Quality in Non-recovery Stamp Charged Coke Oven

The maximum possibility of utilizing the Indian coking coals and inferior grade coking coal for producing metallurgical coke through non-recovery stamp charging tech_nology was investigated. Indian indigenous coals contained low percent of vitrinite （〈50%） and higher content of ash （〉15%） compared to imported coking coal. Therefore, the selection of appropriate proportion of different types of coals was a major challenge for coke makers. Coal blend selection criterion based on a single coefficient, named as composite coking potential （CCP）, was developed. The use of increased proportion of semi-soft coal （crucible swelling number of 2.5） and high ash （≥15%） indigenous coal in the range of 20%- 35% and 20%-65% respectively in the blends resulted in good quality of coke. Plant data of a non recovery coke oven were used for developing and validating the model. The results showed that the coke strength after reaction （CSR） varied in the range of 63.7%-67.7% and the M40 value was between 81.8 and 89.3 in both the cases.

Preparation and coking properties of coal maceral concentrates

The concentrates with different maceral contents were obtained from Kailuan coking coals with different coal ranks(Ro;ranvarying from 0.88%to 1.73%)by float–sink separation in lab.Then these concentrates were characterized by proximate analysis,ultimate analysis,petrography analysis and coking index determination.The results show that the vitrinite is characterized as nature of lower carbon content,higher hydrogen content,higher volatile matter and stronger caking property compared to inertinite.The relationships between variation rate of volatile matter and maximum volatile matter and coal ranks are identified,and a linear model is developed for fast determination of the maceral contents.Compared to inertinite-rich concentrate,the blending ratio of vitrinite-rich concentrate is increased by 13%,which is considered to be a potential technique based on maceral separation for expanding the coking coal resources.

Coking Properties of Tavantolgoi Coal from Mongolia

Main technical and structural characteristics of Tavantolgoi coal from Mongolia are determined. Type, code number and other valuable technological indexes of the coal are estimated according to the international classification system of coals. Cokes obtained in a laboratory chamber stove and in a reactor was characterized.

COMPARING STUDY OF BLENDING PREHEATING MODIFIED COAL COKING AND STAMPING COKING FOR DONGSHEN COAL

The compaison of the properties of coke of three coking methods is introduced. The mechanical properties and high temperature reactivity of coke bleding preheating modified Dongshen coal are improved obviously than those of normal coke, and achieve or exceed that of stamping coke. This method shows more ability of expending coking coal resources.

Performance of a polymerization-based electrochemically assisted persulfate process on a real coking wastewater treatment

Industrial wastewater should be treated with caution due to its potential environmental risks.In this study,a polymerization-based cathode/Fe^(3+)/peroxydisulfate(PDS)process was employed for the first time to treat a raw coking wastewater,which can achieve simulta-neous organics abatement and recovery by converting organic contaminants into separable solid organic-polymers.The results confirm that several dominant organic contaminants in coking wastewater such as phenol,cresols,quinoline and indole can be induced to poly-merize by self-coupling or cross-coupling.The total chemical oxygen demand(COD)abate-ment from coking wastewater is 46.8%and the separable organic-polymer formed from or-ganic contaminants accounts for 62.8%of the abated COD.Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)abatement of 41.9%is achieved with about 89%less PDS consumption than conventional degradation-based process.Operating conditions such as PDS concentration,Fe3+concen-tration and current density can affect the COD/DOC abatement and organic-polymer yield by regulating the generation of reactive radicals.ESI-MS result shows that some organic-polymers are substituted by inorganic ions such as Cl^(-),Br^(-),I^(-),NH_(4)^(+),SCN^(-)and CN^(-),suggest-ing that these inorganic ionsmay be involved in the polymerization.The specific consump-tion of this coking wastewater treatment is 27 kWh/kg COD and 95 kWh/kg DOC.The values are much lower than those of the degradation-based processes in treating the same coking wastewater,and also are lower than those of most processes previously reported for coking wastewater treatment.

Technology for Coking of Heavy Crude Oil with High Acid Number

Sudan Khartoum Refinery Co. has selected a unique route featuring delayed coking of crude in connection with the highly sour and high-calcium heavy crude extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6.The crude oil after pretreatment for calcium removal is subjected to coking for removal of acids and metals with the coker products being further processed. The crude oil extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6contains as high as 13 mg KOH/g of crude in addition to a calcium content of 1600 ppm. This article makes an analysis on problems related with the operation of commercial delayed coking unit for processing of highly sour crude and bring forth measures to solve these problems. The liquid yield resulted from coking of crude oil can reach 82m%, and the petroleum coke can meet the quality requirement for class 3B petroleum coke.

Purification process of coal-based coke powder as anode for Li-ion batteries

A process of purification of coal-based coke powder as anode the treatment of coke powder with dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, for Li-ion batteries was attempted. The process started with followed by united-acid-leaching using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. The effects of altering the hydrofluoric acid addition, hydrofluoric acid concentration, contact time, temperature and acid type were investigated. A minimum ash content of 0.35% was obtained when proper conditions were applied. The electrochemical performance of purified coke powder shows greatly improved electrochemical performance. The as-purified coke powder presented an initial reversible capacity of 257.4 mAh/g and a retention rate of 95% after 50 cycles. The proposed purification process paves a way to prepare a promising anode material with good performance with low cost of coke powder for Li-ion batteries.

燃用高碱煤锅炉受热面结焦及其防治研究概述

以准东煤为代表的高碱煤虽储量巨大,但火电机组掺烧高碱煤过程中造成锅炉受热面结焦问题突出,不仅降低锅炉热效率,而且严重威胁机组安全、稳定、经济运行。为解决结焦技术难题,促进高碱煤掺烧利用,对燃用高碱煤锅炉受热面结焦及其防治研究进行了综述。截至目前,国内外围绕燃煤锅炉受热面结焦特征、结焦机理、影响因素、防治措施等已经开展了广泛研究并取得了丰硕的研究成果。在控制燃煤质量、改善锅炉结构、优化锅炉运行等措施基础上,在锅炉受热面制备涂层成为防治结焦的重要技术途径。在未来研究过程中,涂层在具备突出抗结焦性能的同时,须兼具优良的耐高温、抗腐蚀、耐磨损、导热性、热疲劳等综合性能,且具有良好的制备经济性、制备效率,特别是现场适用性。

煤液化残渣诱导缩聚制备冶金焦的影响因素

煤液化残渣所含沥青质和重油在热解时可产生大量自由基,如不能被及时稳定和缩聚将转化为大量焦油和气体,形成孔隙结构,从而影响所制冶金焦密度。为此,拟引入添加剂诱导其高效缩聚,提高聚合物密度,再经炭化后制备优质冶金焦。通过系统研究不同添加剂(糠醛、甲醇、呋喃和羟基丙酮)、温度(350、400、450、500和550℃)、停留时间(0、30、60和120 min)和添加量(0、4、8和16 g)对所制聚合物缩聚率、结构性质、密度、热稳定性和表面性质影响,获得煤液化残渣诱导缩聚的最优试验条件。在最优条件下,分别探讨所制聚合物和炭化物的表面形貌、微晶结构和元素变化情况,获得煤液化残渣诱导缩聚机理。结果表明,添加剂(糠醛)的诱导缩聚效果最佳,其次是羟基丙酮,因而理想添加剂至少应含有1个醛基或酮基。不同添加剂可促进煤液化残渣缩聚,提高所制聚合物比表面积、孔容、平均孔径和真密度。温度和停留时间对煤液化残渣/糠醛聚合物热稳定性和表面性质影响较大,温度升高和停留时间延长可促进煤液化残渣所含酚类基团和芳香物中H参与缩聚反应,提高聚合物的缩聚程度。煤液化残渣/糠醛(焦炭)整体呈片层密实状,并含更多无定形碳。

SCCO_(2)作用下不同含水性煤孔裂隙结构变化机制

深部煤层封存CO_(2)增产CH_(4)产出过程中,处于超临界状态的CO_(2)(SCCO_(2))与煤中矿物质发生反应,改变煤的孔隙性,进而影响煤层封存CO_(2)的效果和甲烷增产效果。为发现SCCO_(2)–H_(2)O–煤岩作用对煤中孔隙的影响特征,以焦煤为研究对象,开展了不同含水条件下的超临界CO_(2)改造煤实验,基于矿物组成和孔隙性测定结果,对比煤中主要矿物质和不同尺度的孔裂隙变化的差异,探讨了不同含水状态下SCCO_(2)流体对孔裂隙性的作用机制。研究表明:①SCCO_(2)作用后,煤体表面粗糙、疏松,且由于矿物溶蚀使得一些裂隙得到贯通,微裂隙连通性增强。②SCCO_(2)流体对煤具有“扩孔”作用,表现为微、小孔含量下降,中、大孔占比升高,也即微、小孔隙向大孔隙的转化,且孔隙连通性改善;进一步发现,萃余煤吸附孔的分形维数稍微增加,粗糙度增大,而渗流孔的分形维数显著降低,复杂性和非均质性降低。③SCCO_(2)对煤中碳酸盐类矿物的溶解性最好,其次是黏土矿物,且随着含水率增加,萃余煤中的碳酸盐矿物占比先增加后减小。SCCO_(2)使干燥基态、饱和水态煤样中碳酸盐矿物显著溶解,有效改善了孔隙结构,且对饱和水态煤样作用效果更好。空气干燥基态煤样经SCCO_(2)作用后,新生成的白云石矿物聚集在孔喉中造成堵孔效应,缩小原有大孔隙尺寸,是引起不同含水性煤孔隙差异性变化的主要原因。

高炉喷吹用烟煤配煤炼焦试验研究

为了扩大炼焦煤资源,优化配煤结构,结合烟煤配煤炼焦理论,通过高炉喷吹用烟煤的工业铁桶试验研究,分析了配加烟煤后配合煤的性能变化和所炼焦炭的质量。结果表明:适当增加1/3焦煤、减少气煤配比,烟煤配加质量分数控制在2%~3%,可以有效优化配煤结构,使配合煤的灰分、硫分及挥发分保持在稳定状态,改善焦炭的机械强度、热强度,提高焦炭的块度,同时还可以降低配煤成本,当烟煤配加质量分数为2%时,配煤成本可降低15.60元/t。

酸化后焦煤表面性和孔隙性变化对吸附热的影响

目的为了探究酸化后焦煤的表面性和孔隙性变化对其吸附热的影响,方法选取山西古交矿区焦煤为研究对象,利用盐酸(HCl)和氢氟酸(HF)酸化处理,采用接触角法、低温液氮吸附法和微量热法等测试方法,对比分析了酸化前后焦煤的煤-水接触角、表面张力、孔隙结构等变化,并探讨了这些变化对吸附热的影响机制。结果酸化后焦煤的平均煤-水接触角由75.10°增至80.11°,平均表面张力由44.44 mJ/m^(2)减至39.48 mJ/m^(2),亲水性减弱;酸化后焦煤的总孔容、中孔孔容、比表面积和平均孔径均增大,而微孔和大孔的孔容及比表面积均减小,表明矿物质脱除有利于微孔向中孔转化;同等压力下,随着温度升高,分子热运动加强,分子能量突破固体表面势垒,气体分子成为游离态,导致原煤和脱灰煤的积分吸附热和微分吸附热减小,且脱灰煤的吸附热高于原煤的。结论矿物质会减弱焦煤对气体的吸附能力,且占据焦煤表面的吸附位。因此,酸化后矿物质的脱除导致焦煤表面的吸附位增加,是引起吸附热增大的主要原因。

不定型煤基活性焦制备及预处理影响研究

我国煤炭燃烧排放大量的SO2和NOx等导致了严重的空气污染,需要寻找一种清洁高效的烟气联合脱硫脱硝技术.煤基活性焦因其脱除效率高,再生能力强等诸多优点备受关注,但目前的研究主要集中在柱状和粉末状活性焦上.为研究大粒径煤基活性焦的制备参数和预处理对活性焦理化特性的影响,对原煤颗粒进行高温空气预氧化处理,并通过炭化-水蒸气活化两步法制备活性焦.结果表明:低温长时间活化可使炭化料内部孔隙充分刻蚀,显著提高比表面积和孔容,以水蒸气作为活化剂有利于微孔和介孔协同发展,适合制备大粒径分级孔结构活性焦.700℃活化3 h制得的府谷煤活性焦比表面积为429.54 m^(2)/g,介孔占比27.80%;850℃活化3 h制得的大同煤活性焦比表面积为892.20 m^(2)/g,介孔占比21.46%.高温空气预氧化能够改变原煤内部结构,对府谷煤颗粒在200℃下预氧化15 h后,氧化煤内部成分和结构基本稳定,脂肪结构被消耗的同时生成了大量含氧官能团.预氧化处理对炭化过程的影响较为显著,氧化煤在炭化过程中热塑性特征显著降低,减少了焦油对孔隙的堵塞,此外,含氧官能团的交联作用也促进了煤中大分子的缩聚和孔隙的形成,从此促进初步孔隙的发展.虽然预氧化使得活性焦的比表面积和孔容都有所增大,但活化剂和样品之间的成孔路径未产生改变.

炼焦煤热解过程中膨胀压力的形成机制及对焦炭质量的影响

在工业室式炼焦过程中,膨胀压力过高会造成焦炉炉墙损坏及推焦困难,膨胀压力过低会影响焦炭产品质量。现行焦化工艺通过调节入炉煤挥发分控制膨胀压力,缺乏对炼焦煤膨胀压力形成机制的本质认识,可能导致焦炉运行不稳定、焦炭质量波动大等问题。基于此,通过分析炼焦煤结构特性,从分子水平探究了膨胀压力的形成及演变,并揭示了炼焦煤膨胀性与焦炭质量的本质联系。利用核磁共振碳谱(^(13)C NMR)分析了五种不同煤阶的炼焦煤(Q1,JA1,F1,J1和S1)的化学结构。通过热重分析(TGA)、小型热解实验等方法以及基式流动度测定仪、奥亚膨胀仪、透气性在线检测装置及膨胀压力和膨胀位移检测装置等仪器探究了单种煤热解过程中煤基体分解行为、流动特性和膨胀特性的演化机制。结果表明:热解气体CO,CO_(2),CH4的释放和低透气性带的形成影响了膨胀压力的产生,适宜的膨胀压力可提高焦炭质量;300℃~450℃是煤产生膨胀压力的温区,与煤中f_(al)^(O1),f_(al)^(O2)和f_(al)^(1)~f_(al)^(5)结构的分解有关;膨胀压力过高(120 kPa~180 kPa)的煤,形成的焦炭孔隙多、真密度小,质量差;膨胀压力适中(90 kPa~120 kPa)的煤,形成的焦炭质量较好。

干熄焦放散气代替部分焦炉加热燃气的燃烧过程模拟研究

以JN-70型焦炉混合煤气加热为研究对象,利用Ansys Fluent软件对干熄焦放散气代替部分燃气的燃烧过程进行稳态模拟研究,分析了干熄焦放散气的配入对立火道内压力场、温度场、浓度场的影响。结果表明,在空气中配入5%干熄焦放散气时,立火道的最高温度不变,高向加热的均匀性有所提高,且烟气中的NO_(x)浓度变化不大。因此,焦炉燃烧室配入干熄焦放散气替代部分燃气具有一定的可行性。