Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine promotes lipid uptake of macrophage via cluster of differentiation 36 and receptor for advanced glycation end products

BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are diabetic metabolic toxic products that cannot be ignored.Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML),a component of AGEs,could increase macrophage lipid uptake,promote foam cell formation,and thereby accelerate atherosclerosis.The receptor for AGEs(RAGE)and cluster of differentiation 36(CD36)were the receptors of CML.However,it is still unknown whether RAGE and CD36 play key roles in CML-promoted lipid uptake.AIM Our study aimed to explore the role of RAGE and CD36 in CML-induced macrophage lipid uptake.METHODS In this study,we examined the effect of CML on lipid uptake by Raw264.7 macrophages.After adding 10 mmol/L CML,the lipid accumulation in macrophages was confirmed by oil red O staining.Expression changes of CD36 and RAGE were detected with immunoblotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The interaction between CML with CD36 and RAGE was verified by immunoprecipitation.We synthesized a novel N-succinimidyl-4-18Ffluorobenzoate-CML radioactive probe.Radioactive receptor-ligand binding assays were performed to test the binding affinity between CML with CD36 and RAGE.The effects of blocking CD36 or RAGE on CML-promoting lipid uptake were also detected.RESULTS The study revealed that CML significantly promoted lipid uptake by macrophages.Immunoprecipitation and radioactive receptor-ligand binding assays indicated that CML could specifically bind to both CD36 and RAGE.CML had a higher affinity for CD36 than RAGE.ARG82,ASN71,and THR70 were the potential interacting amino acids that CD36 binds to CML Anti-CD36 and anti-RAGE could block the uptake of CML by macrophages.The lipid uptake promotion effect of CML was significantly attenuated after blocking CD36 or RAGE.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the binding of CML with CD36 and RAGE promotes macrophage lipid uptake.

以缩微技术实现电子数据的长期存档——GB/T 30540-2014《文件管理应用 电子数据的存档计算机输出缩微品(COM)/计算机输出激光光盘(COLD)》介绍

介绍国家标准GB/T 30540-2014《文件管理应用电子数据的存档计算机输出缩微品(COM)/计算机输出激光光盘(COLD)》的主要内容,说明在当前技术水平下,电子数据需要借助缩微技术来实现长期存档,以及用缩微技术对电子数据进行长期存档的规范。

以缩微技术实现电子数据的长期存档——GB/T 30540-2014《文件管理应用电子数据的存档 计算机输出缩微品(COM)/计算机输出激光光盘(COLD)》介绍(续前)

介绍了国家标准GB/T 30540-2014《文件管理应用电子数据的存档计算机输出缩微品(COM)/计算机输出激光光盘(COLD)》的主要内容,说明了在当前的技术水平下,电子数据需要借助缩微技术来实现长期存档,以及用缩微技术对电子数据进行长期的存档的规范。

Research and Development Trend of Shape Control for Cold Rolling Strip

Shape is an important quality index of cold rolling strip. Up to now, many problems in the shape control domain have not been solved satisfactorily, and a review on the research progress in the shape control domain can help to seek new breakthrough directions. In the past 10 years, researches and applications of shape control models, shape control means, shape detection technology, and shape con- trol system have achieved significant progress. In the aspect of shape control models, the researches in the past improve the accuracy, speed and robustness of the models. The intelligentization of shape control models should be strengthened in the future. In the aspect of the shape control means, the researches in the past focus on the roll opti- mization, mill type selection, process optimization, local strip shape control, edge drop control, and so on. In the future, more attention should be paid to the coordination control of both strip shape and other quality indexes, and the refinement of control objective should be strengthened. In the aspects of shape detection technology and shape control system, some new types of shape detection meters and shape control systems are developed and have successfully indus- trial applications. In the future, the standardization of shape detection technology and shape control system should be promoted to solve the problem of compatibility. In general,the four expected development trends of shape control for cold roiling strip in the future are intelligentization, coordi- nation, refinement, and standardization. The proposed research provides new breakthrough directions for improv- ing shape quality.

Endozepine-4 levels are increased in hepatic coma

AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects with Hepatic coma,20 subjects with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) and 20 subjects control. All subjects underwent blood analysis,Child Pugh and Model for End- stage liver disease(MELD) assessment,endozepine-4 analysis. RESULTS:Subjects with hepatic coma showed significant difference in endozepine-4(P < 0.001) and NH3 levels(P < 0.001) compared both to MHE and controls patients. Between NH3 and endozepine-4 we observed a significant correlation(P = 0.009; Pearson correlation 0.570). There was a significant correlation between endozepine-4 and MELD(P = 0.017; Pearsoncorrelation = 0.529). In our study blood ammonia concentration was noted to be raised in patients with hepatic coma,with the highest ammonia levels being found in those who were comatose. We also found a high correlation between endozepine-4 and ammonia(P < 0.001). In patients with grade Ⅳ hepatic coma,endozepine levels were significantly higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that an increased level of endozepine in subjects with higher levels of MELD was observed. In conclusion,data concerning involvement of the GABA-ergic system in HE coma could be explained by stage-specific alterations.

考虑冷-热端耦合因素的汽轮发电机组滑压运行综合优化

当前,为了提高汽轮发电机组灵活运行时经济性,通常需要进行滑压运行控制曲线的优化。尽管汽轮机的高调阀进汽控制和运行背压是两个相对独立的过程,但两者会分别从冷、热两端影响其最优运行主汽压;尤其是在实际工程实施方面,难以实现对冷-热端耦合因素的全方位兼顾。本文在结合一台机组的实际运行情况、特点及需求的基础上,提出了一种考虑冷-热端因素耦合的汽轮发电机组滑压运行综合优化方法,依次对该机组的流量特性曲线、滑压运行控制曲线及运行背压控制曲线开展了相应的优化工作,取得了良好的实际应用效果。这对机组节能降耗的潜力得到最大程度挖掘,具有重要的工程应用价值。

The Popularization and Application of Cold Storage Red Blood Cells or Whole Blood at -80 ℃ of the Rh(D) Negative Patients in Surgical Operation

Summary: The efficiency of cold storage red blood cells (CSRBC) or whole blood at -80 ℃ used in 27 Rh(D) negative patients during surgical operation was reported. The Rh(D) negative patients received the transfusion of CSRBC or whole blood stored at -80 ℃ for 180 to 360 days. The changes in the indexes, such as blood TB, DB, K +, Na +, BUN, Cr, urine protein (URPO), UOB, Hb, HCT, serum total protein, relative to hemolytic reaction and blood volume before and after transfusion were observed. The results showed that after transfusion of CSRBC or whole blood 27 cases were negative for urine protein and UOB, and the levels of BUN and Cr were normal (P>0.05). Blood TB, DB, Hb, and HCT were increased, while pH, blood K + and blood Na + was normal with the difference being not significant before and after operation (P>0.05). Plasma protein was decreased, but there was no significant difference before and after operation (P>0.05). It was suggested that CSRBC or whole blood at -80 ℃ could be safely infused to the Rh(D) negative patients without side effects during the surgical operation.

基于GA-BP神经网络的汽轮机冷端系统运行优化

针对汽轮机冷端系统运行优化传统方法存在不能实时反映机组实际运行情况的问题,提出一种便捷的基于机组运行历史数据的智能方法.该方法首先通过BP神经网络的多参数输人来预测机组的净功率及背压,同时利用遗传算法(GA)优化神经网络模型来提升预测结果的精度,然后改变循环水流量进行净功最大寻优,得出净功最大时的循环水流量及汽轮机运行背压.通过对某630MW机组的预测和计算,结果表明该方法能够有效预测机组的净功率及背压并得出不同工况下的最佳循环水流量,为机组冷端系统的优化运行提供参考,也有助于推动火电厂的节能减排与智慧化运行.

Key Problems of Cold Power Spinning of Ti-15-3 Alloy

The key problems of cold power spinning of Ti-15-3 alloy are studied. Reasonable billet preparation methods are presented to improve crystal structure and avoid crack of billet. Influences of original wall thickness, reduction rate and feed rate on expanding in diameter are analyzed and some methods to prevent expanding in diameter are given.

Optimization Study of Steam Turbine Cold End Parameters

A lot of study has been made for the design and defining hot end initial parameters of steem turbine of large thermal power plant at home and abroad. But little study has been performed for the reasonable selection of some cold end parameters of steam turbine. The steam turbine cold end parameters defined in actual engineering project are somewhat unreasonable frequently. This paper describes some opinions for selecting some of the steam turbine cold end parameters, especially that of the turbine design back pressure and low pressure cylinder last stage blade length based on the regional features of meteorological conditions in China in association with the optimization of thermal power plant circulating water system.

Novel Cascade Refrigeration Cycle for Cold Supply Chain of COVID-19 Vaccines at Ultra-Low Temperature -80°C Using Ethane (R170) Based Hydrocarbon Pair

Several media report highlight on that the pharmaceutical companies require ultra-low temperatures -80°C to transport and store its COVID-19 vaccines. This research presents the thermodynamic analysis on cascade refrigeration system (CRS) with several refrigerant pairs which are R32/R170, R123/R170, R134a/R170, R404A/R170, R407c/R170, R410/R170, and the hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerant pair Propane/Ethane, namely R290/R170. Besides, the results of R22/R170 pair, which is not recommended to be used due to phase out of R22 as per Montréal Protocol, are included as base case to compare the novel hydrocarbon pairs in CRS and the old trend of refrigerant pairs. Thermodynamic properties of all these pairs were investigated and compared under different intermediate temperature used in CRS heat exchanger, which thermally connected both the Low and High temperature cycles (LTC) and (HTC). By applying the first law of thermodynamics, the coefficients of performance (COPs) and the specific power consumptions (SPC) in kW/TR are presented and compared. In addition, by applying the second law of thermodynamics the exergetic efficiencies were estimated. The results reveal the promising opportunity of using the HC pair (R290/R170). The minimum SPC in kW/TR is recorded for the pair R123/R170. One the other hand, the highest exegetic efficiency values are observed to be 40%, 38%, and 35% for the pairs R123/R170, R290/R170, and R134/R170, respectively. This research concludes that the HC pair (R290/R170) is highly recommended for CRS applications either to transport the COVID-19 or store it in cold storage rooms in hospitals and clinics. All precautionary measures should be carefully applied in design and operation of HC pair (R290/R170) due to its flammability hazard.

Appraisal of Existing HIV/AIDs Prevention and Control Measures and Presentation of Innovative Strategies to End HIV/AIDS Epidemic by 2030

Background: Globally, UNAIDS report 2022 shows, there are 84.2 million people affected by HIV/AIDS and 40.1 million deaths from AIDS since the start of epidemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, women and girls accounted for 63% of all new HIV infections in 2021 with, six in seven new HIV infections among adolescents aged 15 - 19 years being girls. Key populations accounted for 70% of HIV infections globally in 2021, with 51% of these new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Reflecting on the 4 decades’ journey of HIV epidemic amidst local, national and international efforts, the UN target of ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 remains questionable unless new innovative ways are used. This study aimed at analyzing existing HIV/AIDS interventions, discuss UN interventions in line with ending HIV/AIDS by 2030 then, suggest and discuss new innovative ways of ending HIV scourge by 2030. Methods: Systematic literature review methodology was used to extract existing published information on HIV prevention strategies from 1981 to 2023. The articles were previewed by 2 experts for quality and grouped by intervention. Of the 637 articles accessed, on HIV prevention/control only 45 met the inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach following standard guidelines on synthesis without meta-analysis. Descriptive analysis was done, strength and limitations were identified. UNAIDS recommendations for ending HIV/AIDS by 2030 identified and analyzed. New Innovations in HIV/AIDS were presented and discussed. The scope of the reviewed literature was limited to HIV preventive strategies practiced between 1981 and 2023. Results: Findings show that, Uganda’s HIV prevalence was at a peak in 1991 of 15% (30% among pregnant women in urban areas). ABC strategy is claimed to have turned sharply downward the prevalence through the mid-1990s and reached 5% (14% for pregnant urban women) by 2001. Analysis of the strategy showed that the achievements of the strategy could not be sustained, subsequently HIV prevalence rose again. This is because none of the ABC components can independently reduce HIV problem. In the real world, 100% abstinence has failed, condom use only reduces infection by 90% (WHO), and lifelong monogamy is impractical. Such limitations weaken ABC strategy. The study established that Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) i.e. taking HIV medicines within 72 hours (3 days) after a possible exposure to HIV infection is a safe, effective and a globally practiced HIV preventive intervention in emergency situations of HIV exposure. However, PEP is limited to care sought within 72 hours after exposure and yet timely access especially in rural areas and for key populations remains a big challenge. Oral PrEP was also identified as effective HIV preventive measure that can reduce HIV risk from sex by about 99% and from injection drug users by 74%. However, like PEP, timely access especially in rural areas and for key populations remains a big challenge. The UNAIDS 95-95-95 strategy (i.e. 95% of people know their HIV status, 95% with +HIV status be on sustained ART and 95% on ART get viral load suppression) formed the basis for setting the target of ending HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030. However, our analysis shows that this target is unrealistic given the above highlighted limitations/ barriers in preventive measures and the unlikely perfect adherence (100%) to ART by all enrolled HIV positive persons. Conclusion: Ending HIV/AIDS by 2030 cannot be achieved by implementing the current preventing strategies and control measures. This study established that most of the existing HIV preventive strategies and control measures have a number of limitations. However, with sustained UN 95-95-95 strategy supplemented with additional innovative ways, there is hope that the UN dream of ending HIV/AIDS though not necessarily by 2030, can in the long run be achieved.

方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点抗震性能数值分析

为研究单向螺栓连接的冷弯方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点的抗震性能,采用ABAQUS对柱壁厚度、端板厚度、加劲肋厚度进行参数化分析,得到节点的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性系数和节点刚度退化曲线。研究结果表明,这类节点延性较好;增加柱壁厚度、端板厚度可提升节点承载力;增加加劲肋厚度,对提升承载力作用微小;并给出节点的设计建议。

探究潜意识记忆的抵抗机制——村上春树《世界尽头与冷酷仙境》和《海边的卡夫卡》的森林意象分析

森林是村上春树小说中经常出现的事物。在小说中,森林既是本色森林,也是村上小说中一种非常重要的意象。村上春树的《世界尽头与冷酷仙境》和《海边的卡夫卡》这两部小说不仅存在着精神上的内在关联,而且森林也都作为一种意象出现在小说中并承担了重要作用。两部小说中森林是主人公自身的一部分,所表现出的种种危险都是一种假象,象征的是阻挡人们探究被压制在潜意识中记忆的抵抗机制。

家蚕3-羟基异丁酸脱氢酶基因克隆及其在模拟失重环境中的表达模式分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了家蚕3-羟基异丁酸脱氢酶(hibadh)基因全长cDNA(GenBank登录号EU719652)并对其序列进行了分析,用RT-PCR方法检测了hibadh基因在家蚕5龄幼虫不同组织中的分布,最后用real-timeRT-PCR方法分析了整个胚胎期家蚕hibadh基因在模拟失重环境中的表达模式。克隆的hibadh基因cDNA全长1074bp,包含1个能编码完整Hibadh长度为969bp的开放阅读框。家蚕hibadh基因与伯霍尔德杆菌、果蝇、蜜蜂、热带爪蟾、小鼠、人类等6个物种hibadh基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别达到46%、43%、48%、44%、45%、45%。Hibadh蛋白为分泌蛋白,不存在糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定位点,分子量和等电点分别为34.1kD和9.14。hibadh基因在家蚕5龄幼虫的头、丝腺、中肠、皮肤、血液、脂肪体、马氏管等组织中稳定表达。模拟失重环境中家蚕hibadh基因在胚胎发育的不同时期表达量不同,胚体突起发生期和反转期hibadh基因表达量分别上调2.3倍(P<0.05)和4.6倍(P<0.01),气管形成期hibadh基因表达量下调7.6倍(P<0.01),其余时间段hibadh基因表达量没有明显变化。整个胚胎发育期内,模拟失重组与对照组相比较hibadh基因总表达量下调2.6倍(P<0.05)。在模拟失重环境中,家蚕hibadh基因的表达模式与家蚕整体的响应模式有相似之处但不尽相同。基因对环境反应的灵敏度高于有机体整体对环境反应的灵敏度。该研究有利于进一步探讨hibadh基因的重力生物学机制。

阿司匹林抵抗联合血小板-白细胞聚集体检测对急性脑梗死患者早期神经功能恶化的预测价值

目的 探讨阿司匹林抵抗（AR）联合血小板-白细胞聚集体（PLA）检测对急性脑梗死（ACI）患者早期神经功能恶化（END）的预测价值，旨在为早期识别END及临床干预提供参考。方法 选取ACI患者197例，均于患者入院当天行AR检测、PLA检测，于入院时以及入院后24、48、72 h采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评估患者的神经功能情况，记录END发生情况，据此分为END组、非END组。依次对两组的可能相关影响因素进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 197例ACI患者中，发生END者49例，END发生率为24.87%。根据AR的判定标准，END组AR 23例、阿司匹林半抵抗（ASR） 15例、阿司匹林敏感（AS） 11例，非END组AR 17例、ASR 29例、AS 102例。经单因素分析，END组AR、ASR及PLA、血小板粒细胞聚集体（PNA）、血小板单核细胞聚集体（PMA）、血小板淋巴细胞聚集体（PLyA）均高于非END组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，AR及PLA、PMA、PNA、PLyA均为发生END的独立危险因素，存在AR及PLA、PMA、PNA、PLyA水平越高的患者，发生END的风险越高（P＜0.05）。结论AR和血小板活化可能都是ACI患者发生END的重要危险因素，AR联合PLA检测对于预测END的发生可能具有积极的临床意义，据此及时调整抗血小板策略，有望减少END的发生。

汽轮机冷端系统运行优化方法及研究进展

汽轮机冷端系统是煤电机组重要的辅助系统,对整个机组的安全经济运行有着很大的影响。针对冷端系统的运行优化问题,在介绍系统组成及优化原理的基础上,着重总结阐述了目前主要的优化方法,包括热力试验法、变工况计算法、热力仿真法、智能预测法及相似工况匹配法,同时对各方法进行了对比。研究结果可为汽轮机冷端系统的优化运行提供参考,有助于进一步推动煤电机组的节能减排与智慧化运行。

天然盐渍土冷端阶梯式持续降温盐-冻胀及水盐迁移试验研究

为研究罗布泊地区天然盐渍土中盐-冻胀规律和盐胀机制,选取罗布泊含砂低液限粉土在自动化大尺寸可控温度循环仪中冷端阶梯式持续降温,进行盐-冻胀试验。结果表明,该土为含砂低液限粉土,在土体温度为5-0℃时,发生明显土体膨胀,此温度区间为该土类盐胀起胀温度区;冷端持续降温过程土体膨胀变形可分为3个阶段,第一阶段为盐胀起胀阶段,第二阶段为盐胀增长阶段,第三阶段为盐-冻胀共同增长阶段;水分与盐分从暖端向冷端迁移,其中氯离子与水分迁移具有一定共性,而硫酸根离子与二者不同。

淬火介质冷却性能检测系统设计

针对现有淬火介质冷却性能检测系统试验操作不便、检测结果偏差较大、数据缺乏管理等问题,设计了高精度便携式淬火介质冷却性能检测系统。根据淬火介质冷却性能检测原理,采用曲面拟合的手段,分段计算检测探头的温度函数。设计了基于STM32,集成高精度电压采集、冷端温度补偿和无线蓝牙通信等功能的便携式检测仪。开发了具有淬火介质冷却性能在线数据采集和历史数据管理的数据管理系统。测试结果表明,系统在0~1 000℃范围内的测温误差为±0.2℃。与传统淬火介质冷却性能检测系统相比,该系统具有更好的试验重复性。该系统可满足淬火介质冷却性能检测需求,有利于完善淬火基础数据库、推进热处理数字化进程。

1000 MW超超临界机组冷端系统运行优化

为平衡冷端系统对火电机组发电功率及厂用电率的影响,提高机组的经济性,提出一种基于实时调控的循环水泵运行优化方法,分析循环冷却水流量对凝汽器压力的影响,并通过现场试验得到了循环水泵在不同运行方式下的功耗变化及机组在950 MW、750 MW、500 MW负荷下的微增功率曲线。通过主动改变变频泵频率,实时监测凝汽器压力变化,结合循环水泵功耗变化和机组微增功率曲线,计算机组净出力变化,通过对循环水泵运行优化试验,寻找变频泵的最佳运行频率。试验结果表明,通过该方法能够得到机组在不同运行负荷下变频泵的最佳运行频率,所提方法能够有效提高机组的经济性。