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Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in cold climate--A review 被引量:22
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作者 Mo Wang Dong Qing Zhang +1 位作者 Jian Wen Dong Soon Keat Tan 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第7期293-311,共19页
Constructed wetlands(CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option worldwide.However,the application of CW for w... Constructed wetlands(CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option worldwide.However,the application of CW for wastewater treatment in frigid climate presents special challenges.Wetland treatment of wastewater relies largely on biological processes,and reliable treatment is often a function of climate conditions.To date,the rate of adoption of wetland technology for wastewater treatment in cold regions has been slow and there are relatively few published reports on CW applications in cold climate.This paper therefore highlights the practice and applications of treatment wetlands in cold climate.A comprehensive review of the effectiveness of contaminant removal in different wetland systems including:(1) free water surface(FWS) CWs;(2) subsurface flow(SSF) CWs;and(3) hybrid wetland systems,is presented.The emphasis of this review is also placed on the influence of cold weather conditions on the removal efficacies of different contaminants.The strategies of wetland design and operation for performance intensification,such as the presence of plant,operational mode,effluent recirculation,artificial aeration and in-series design,which are crucial to achieve the sustainable treatment performance in cold climate,are also discussed.This study is conducive to further research for the understanding of CW design and treatment performance in cold climate. 展开更多
关键词 Constructed wetlands Wastewater treatment Nutrient cold climate
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A critical literature review of bioretention research for stormwater management in cold climate and future research recommendations 被引量:3
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作者 Hannah Kratky Zhan Li +3 位作者 Yijun Chen Chengjin Wang Xiangfei Li Tong Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第4期23-37,共15页
Bioretention is a popular best management practice of low impact development that el/ecUvely restores urban hydrologic characteristics to those ofpredevelopment and improves water quality prior to conveyance to surfac... Bioretention is a popular best management practice of low impact development that el/ecUvely restores urban hydrologic characteristics to those ofpredevelopment and improves water quality prior to conveyance to surface waters. This is achieved by utilizing an engineered system containing a surface layer of mulch, a thick soil media often amended with a variety of materials to improve water oualitv, a variety of vegetation, and underdrains, depending on the surrounding soil characteristics.Bioretention systems have been studied quite extensively for warm climate applications, but ctata strongly supporting their long-tema efficacy and application in cold climates is sparse. Although it is apparent that biorelention is an effective stormwater management system, its design in cold climate needs further research. Existing cold climate research has shown that coarser media is required to prevent concrete frost from forming. For spring, summer and fall seasons, if sufficient permeability exists to drain the system prior to freezing, peak flow and volume reduction can be maintained. Additionally. contaminants that are removed via filtration are also not impacted by cold climates. In contrary, dissolved contaminants, nutrients, and organics are significantly more variable in their ability to be removed or degraded via bioretention in colder temperatures. Winter road maintenance salts have been shown to negatively impact the removal of some contaminants and positively impact others, while their effects on properly selected vegetation or bacteria health are also not well understood. Research in these water quality aspects has been inconsistent and therefore requires further study. 展开更多
关键词 Bioretention cold climate Low impact development Stormwater
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Can Eurasia Experience a Cold Winter under a Third-Year La Nina in 2022/23? 被引量:1
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作者 Fei ZHENG Bo WU +13 位作者 Lin WANG Jingbei PENG Yao YAO Haifeng ZONG Qing BAO Jiehua MA Shuai HU Haolan REN Tingwei CAO Renping LIN Xianghui FANG Lingjiang TAO Tianjun ZHOU Jiang ZHU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第4期541-548,共8页
The Northern Hemisphere(NH)often experiences frequent cold air outbreaks and heavy snowfalls during La Nina winters.In 2022,a third-year La Nina event has exceeded both the oceanic and atmospheric thresholds since spr... The Northern Hemisphere(NH)often experiences frequent cold air outbreaks and heavy snowfalls during La Nina winters.In 2022,a third-year La Nina event has exceeded both the oceanic and atmospheric thresholds since spring and is predicted to reach its mature phase in December 2022.Under such a significant global climate signal,whether the Eurasian Continent will experience a tough cold winter should not be assumed,despite the direct influence of mid-to high-latitude,large-scale atmospheric circulations upon frequent Eurasian cold extremes,whose teleconnection physically operates by favoring Arctic air invasions into Eurasia as a consequence of the reduction of the meridional background temperature gradient in the NH.In the 2022/23 winter,as indicated by the seasonal predictions from various climate models and statistical approaches developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,abnormal warming will very likely cover most parts of Europe under the control of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the anomalous anticyclone near the Ural Mountains,despite the cooling effects of La Nina.At the same time,the possibility of frequent cold conditions in mid-latitude Asia is also recognized for this upcoming winter,in accordance with the tendency for cold air invasions to be triggered by the synergistic effect of a warm Arctic and a cold tropical Pacific on the hemispheric scale.However,how the future climate will evolve in the 2022/23 winter is still subject to some uncertainty,mostly in terms of unpredictable internal atmospheric variability.Consequently,the status of the mid-to high-latitude atmospheric circulation should be timely updated by medium-term numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction for the necessary date information and early warnings. 展开更多
关键词 Eurasian climate seasonal forecast La Nina winter cold climate
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Subseasonal mode of cold and wet climate in South China during the cold season: a climatological view 被引量:1
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作者 YU Minjie ZHU Congwen JIANG Ning 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2019年第2期73-79,共7页
The authors investigate the dominant mode of climatological intraseasonal oscillation(CISO) of surface air temperature(SAT) and rainfall in China, and discuss the linkage of cold and wet climate in South China(SC) wit... The authors investigate the dominant mode of climatological intraseasonal oscillation(CISO) of surface air temperature(SAT) and rainfall in China, and discuss the linkage of cold and wet climate in South China(SC) with the Arctic circulation regime during the cold season(from November to March). Results show that a positive CISO displays a cold-dry climate in North China,whereas a cold-wet pattern prevails in SC with a quasi-30-day oscillation during the peak winter season. In SC, the intraseasonal variability of SAT plays a leading role, altering the cold-wet climate by the southward shift of a cold front. Evidence shows that the circulation regime related to the cold and wet climate in SC is mainly regulated by a pair of propagating ISO modes at the500-hPa geopotential height in the negative phase of Arctic Oscillation. It is demonstrated that the local cyclonic wave activity enhances the southward movement of the Siberian high, favoring an unstable atmosphere and resulting in the cold-wet climate over SC. Therefore, the cold-air activity acts as a precursor for subseasonal rainfall forecasting in SC. 展开更多
关键词 Climatological intraseasonal oscillation cold and wet climate South China Arctic circulation impact
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Research progress on combat trauma treatment in cold regions 被引量:4
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作者 Hui-Shan Wang Jin-Song Han 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2014年第1期71-76,共6页
Cold regions are a special combat environment in which low temperatures have a great impact on human metabolism and other vital functions, including the nervous, motion, cardiovascular, circulatory, respiratory, and u... Cold regions are a special combat environment in which low temperatures have a great impact on human metabolism and other vital functions, including the nervous, motion, cardiovascular, circulatory, respiratory, and urinary systems; consequently, low temperatures often aggravate existing trauma, leading to high mortality rates if rapid and appropriate treatment is not provided. Hypothermia is an independent risk factor of fatality following combat trauma; therefore, proactive preventative measures are needed to reduce the rate of mortality. After summarizing the basic research on battlefield environments and progress in the prevention and treatment of trauma, this article concludes that current treatment and prevention measures for combat trauma in cold regions are inadequate. Future molecular biology studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms and relevant cell factors underlying bodily injury caused by cold environment, a research goal will also allow further exploration of corresponding treatments. 展开更多
关键词 military medicine wounds and injuries cold climate body temperature
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Sea level change and forecast in the future — climate of the past,today and the future 被引量:1
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作者 岳军 DONG yue +3 位作者 陈满春 韩芳 段焕春 王国明 《Marine Science Bulletin》 CAS 2011年第2期33-50,共18页
The sea-level change is resulted from superposition of sun, moon and other planeries, and earth itself, biological process, atmosphere and oceanography, as well as artificial actions. As a result, the sea level change... The sea-level change is resulted from superposition of sun, moon and other planeries, and earth itself, biological process, atmosphere and oceanography, as well as artificial actions. As a result, the sea level change is really a sensitive integral variation value of many variations, or a combined function of coupling effects of various big systems. Therefore the above mentioned superposed action of different systems and the coupling effect of sun earth and biological aspects may be called as sun earth biological coupling effect system. Based on this hypothesis, the corresponding sun dynamic, air dynamic, water dynamic and earth dynamic conceptional models are established in order to research the multiple coupling effects and feedback machsnism between these big systems. In order to determine the relations, effectness and coherent relation of different variations, the quantity, analysis is conducted through collective variation and stage division. The quantity analysis indicates that the earths spindle rotation speed is the dynamic mechanism controlling the sea level change of fluctuation. The change rate of sea level in the world is +1.32 + 0.22 mm/a, while the sea level change rate in China is only+1.39 + 0.26 mm/a in average. If take the CO2 content as the climate marker, eight cold stages (periods) are grouped out since two hundreds years AC. The extreme cold of the eighth cold stage started approximately at 1850 years AC. and if the stage from the extreme cold to extreme warm is determined as long as 200 years, the present ongoing warm stage will end at about 2050 years, there after the temperature will begin to tower. If the stage between cold and warm extremes lasts for 250 years, then the temperature will become lower at about 2100 year. Until to that time, the sea-level is estimated to raise +7 - +11 + 3.5 cm again, and there after, the sea level will begin the new lowering trend. In the same time, the climate will enter into next new cold stage subsequently. 展开更多
关键词 Sun earth biological coupling effect system sea-level change mechanism change rate of the sea-level climate cold stage forecast of the sea-level changes in the future
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Solar radiation-based method for early design stages to balance daylight and thermal comfort in office buildings
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作者 Abel Sepúlveda Seyed Shahabaldin Seyed Salehi +1 位作者 Francesco De Luca Martin Thalfeldt 《Frontiers of Architectural Research》 CSCD 2023年第5期1030-1046,共17页
There is a lack of facade design methods for early design stages to balance thermal comfort and daylight provision that consider the obstruction angle as an independent variable without using modeling and simulations.... There is a lack of facade design methods for early design stages to balance thermal comfort and daylight provision that consider the obstruction angle as an independent variable without using modeling and simulations.This paper aims to develop easy-to use solar radiationbased prediction method for the design of office building facades(i.e.,design parameters:room size,window-to-floor ratio,and glazing thermal/optical properties)located in urban canyons to balance daylight provision according to the European standard EN 17037:2018 and thermal comfort through specific cooling capacity.We used a simulation-based methodology that includes correlation analyses between building performance metrics and design parameters,the development of design workflows,accuracy analysis,and validation through the application of the workflows to a new development office building facades located in Tallinn,Estonia.The validation showed that the mean percentage of right/conservative predictions of thermal comfort classes is 98.8%whereas for daylight provision,it is higher than 75.6%.The use of the proposed prediction method can help designers to work more efficiently during early design stages and to obtain optimal performative solutions in much shorter time:window sizing in 73,152 room combinations in 80 s. 展开更多
关键词 Cooling sizing cold climate Solar access DAYLIGHT Viewout Windowsizing
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An exploratory study on road tunnel with semi-transparent photovoltaic canopy-From energy saving and fire safety perspectives 被引量:1
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作者 Dahai Qi Senwen Yang +3 位作者 Chang Shu Xin Zhang Liangzhu(Leon)Wang Andreas Athienitis 《Building Simulation》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第4期537-548,共12页
Road tunnels consume a large amount of energy,especially in the Canadian cold climate,where the roads are heated electrically or deicing during the winter.For a more sustainable and resilient road tunnel energy system... Road tunnels consume a large amount of energy,especially in the Canadian cold climate,where the roads are heated electrically or deicing during the winter.For a more sustainable and resilient road tunnel energy system,we conducted an exploratory study on installing a semi-transparent photovoltaic(STPV)canopy at the entrances and exits of a tunnel under a river.The proposed system generates solar-powered electricity,improves thermal and visual conditions,and reduces energy loads.In this study,field measurements of road surface temperature and air temperature were conducted,and numerical simulations with and without STPV were performed to study air and road surface temperatures under different traffic speeds.The field measurements show the road surface temperatures are higher than the air temperature on average.The interior air and road surface temperature were measured to be above 0°C,even though the outdoor temperature is far below 0°C,thus significantly reducing the need for deicing in winter using salts.The simulations show that the air and surface temperatures elevate due to the solar transmission heat through the STPV canopy,thus reducing deicing energy consumption significantly.The fire safety analysis also showed that the proposed system's top opening should be located near the tunnel entrance instead of the canopy entrance for better smoke exhaust during a fire. 展开更多
关键词 STPV road tunnel fire safety energy efficiency cold climate
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Winter survival of microbial contaminants in soil:An in situ verification
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作者 Antonio Bucci Vincenzo Allocca +4 位作者 Gino Naclerio Giovanni Capobianco Fabio Divino Francesco Fiorillo Fulvio Celico 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第1期131-138,共8页
The aim of the research was to evaluate, at site scale, the influence of freezing and freeze/thaw cycles on the survival of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci in soil, in a climate change perspective. Before the ... The aim of the research was to evaluate, at site scale, the influence of freezing and freeze/thaw cycles on the survival of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci in soil, in a climate change perspective. Before the winter period and during grazing, viable cells of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci were detected only in the first 10 cm below ground, while,after the winter period and before the new seasonal grazing, a lower number of viable cells of both faecal indicators was detected only in some of the investigated soil profiles, and within the first 5 cm. Taking into consideration the results of specific investigations, we hypothesise that the non-uniform spatial distribution of grass roots within the studied soil can play an important role in influencing this phenomenon, while several abiotic factors do not play any significant role. Taking into account the local trend in the increase of air temperature, a different distribution of microbial pollution over time is expected in spring waters, in future climate scenarios. The progressive increase in air temperature will cause a progressive decrease in freeze/thaw cycles at higher altitudes, minimising cold shocks on microbial cells, and causing spring water pollution also during winter. 展开更多
关键词 climate change cold shock Faecal indicator Freeze/thaw cycle Microbial contamination
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