Cold Damage Risk Assessment of Double Cropping Rice in Hunan, China

Combined with remote sensing data and meteorological data, cold damage risk was assessed for planting area of double cropping rice （DCR） in Hunan Province, China. A new methodology of cold damage risk assessment was built that apply to grid and have clear hazard-affected body. Each station cold damage annual frequency and average annual intensity of cold damage was calculated by using 1951-2010 station daily mean temperature and simple cold damage identification index. On this basis, average annual cold damage risk index was obtained by their product. The spatial analysis models of cold damage risk index about double-season early rice （DSER） and double-season later rice （DSLR） were established respectively by the relation of average annual cold damage risk index and its geographic factors. Critical threshold of level of average annual cold damage risk index for DSER and DSLR were respectively divided by the correlative equation of cold damage annual frequency and average annual intensity of cold damage. 2001-2010 planting area of DCR, acquired by time series analysis of MOD09AI 8-d composite land surface reflectance product, was as target of assessment. The results show average annual intensity of cold damage is exponential function of cold damage annual frequency, average annual cold damage risk index is directly proportional to cold damage cumulant and cold damage annual frequency, and is inversely proportional to happen times of cold damage and the square of statistical time sequence length. Cold damage risk of DSER is higher than DSLR in Hunan Province. In the 10-yr stacking map, DCR planting in low risk area accounted for 11.92% of total extraction area, in moderate risk area accounted for 69.62%, in high risk area accounted for 18.46%. According to the cold damage risk assessment result, DCR production can be guided to reduce cold damage losses.

Risk Assessment of Maize Cold Damage in Heilongjiang Province in Recent 30 Years

In order to make the relevant risk departments and the agricultural producers have a clearer understanding of maize cold damage, the data of daily average temperature of 83 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015, and the risk assessment model of maize cold damage in northeast China were used, and the risk index values of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015 were calculated. And according to the risk index values, Heilongjiang Province was divided into five risk areas. The results showed that the high risk areas and the sub-high risk areas of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province in recent 30 years were in Daqing and Suihua cities, the medium risk areas were located in the center of the Songnen Plain and other regions, the sub-low risk areas were located in the Songnen Plain, and most of the rest were the low risk areas.

Application of TERRA/MODIS images, TM images and weather data to assess the effect of cold damage on rice yield

Data assimilation is extensively applied in agricultural remote sensing application.However,integration of multi-temporal and high spatial resolution images with crop growth model to evaluate the effect of cold damage on paddy rice was still lacking.In this paper,authors applied data assimilation combining LANDSAT/TM,a series of terra MODIS images with SIMRIW model to detect how cold damage affected paddy rice yield per unit in the Wuchang county,Heilongjiang province for the year 2006.In the study,MODIS images selected corresponding to a series of the key rice growth phases were utilized to retrieve daily LAI values that were needed in the SIMRIW model.Meanwhile,TM was applied to accurately extract paddy rice sown areas.The study results showed that the yield per unit was 10,628.5840 kg/ha under cold damage condition,which was little less than 10,768.3210 kg/ha under optimal condition.Moreover,the ratio of the calculated yield per value under cold damage condition to the actual value of paddy rice yield per unit was 0.56.The result was better than that acquired in USA and Japan.The results of this study expected to provide suggestions to policy-makers and reference to related research.

GIS和RS支持下宁夏水稻低温冷害监测预警(英文)

The low temperature cold damage of paddy rice is the major agricultural meteorological disaster in Ningxia.The real-time monitoring and early warning of low temperature cold damage are very important to develop the advantages,avoid the disadvantages and reduce the disaster losses.Based on the prior researches on the low temperature cold damage indexes of paddy rice,we improved the small grid reckoning method of temperature and the reckoning precision with the support of GIS.By using the multitemporal remote sensing data,the paddy rice planting zone was picked.The calculation results of low temperature cold damage monitoring indexes were combined with the paddy rice planting zone,which judged the grade distribution and zone of low temperature cold damage in real time.Meanwhile,the low temperature cold damage of paddy rice was done the early warning,and the automatic monitoring early warning system was developed by using the weather forecast data.This method and system were applied to the business works,and the monitoring and early warning products of paddy rice low temperature cold damage business were made.The monitoring results basically corresponded with the actual situation,and the better monitoring service effect was gained.

Application of surface-defect detector in CDCM at Baosteel

The continuous descaling and cold rolling mill（ CDCM） is renow ned for its high capacity and high speed,which makes it very difficult to manually check the surface quality of steel strips. A surface-defect online detector and its components,which are employed in a CDCM at Baosteel,are introduced,including the electrical,imaging,processing and softw are systems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of this detector,and to reduce the number of false alarms,the optimal number of defect samples is determined,pre- and post-processing rules are established,and talking-voice and color-changing alarms are employed.

Quantifying Multi-hazards and Impacts Over Different Growth Periods of Maize:A Study Based on Index Construction

Owing to the complexity and variability of global climate,the study of extreme events to ensure food security is particularly critical.The standardized precipitation requirement index(SPRI)and chilling injury index(I_(Ci))were introduced using data from agrometeorological stations on the Songliao Plain between 1981 and 2020 to identify the spatial and temporal variability of drought,waterlogging,and low-temperature cold damage during various maize growth periods.Compound drought and low-temperature cold damage events(CDLEs)and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage events(CWLEs)were then identified.To measure the intensity of compound events,the compound drought and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CDLMI),and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CWLMI)were constructed by fitting marginal distributions.Finally,the effects of extreme events of various intensities on maize output were examined.The findings demonstrate that:(1)There were significant differences in the temporal trends of the SPRI and ICiduring different maize growth periods.Drought predominated in the middle growth period(MP),waterlogging predominated in the early growth period(EP)and late growth period(LP),and both drought and waterlogging tended to increase in intensity and frequency.The frequency of low-temperature cold damage showed a decreasing trend in all periods.(2)The CDLMI and CWLMI can effectively determine the intensity of CDLEs and CWLEs in the study area;these CDLEs and CWLEs had higher intensity and frequency in the late growth period.(3)Compared to single events,maize relative meteorological yield had a more significant negative correlation with the CDLMI and CWLMI.