New technology for recycling materials from oily cold rolling mill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill （CRM） sludge is one of metallurgical industry solid wastes. The recycle of these wastes can not only protect the environment but also permit their reutilization. In this research, a new process of ＂hydrometallurgical treatment ＋ hydrothermal synthesis＂ was investigated for the combined recovery of iron and organic materials from oily CRM sludge. Hydrometallurgical treatment, mainly including acid leaching, centrifugal separation, neutralization reaction, oxidizing, and preparation of hydrothermal reaction precursor, was first utilized for processing the sludge. Then, micaceous iron oxide （MIO） pigment powders were prepared through hydrothermal reaction of the obtained precursor in alkaline media. The separated organic materials can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock. The quality of the prepared MIO pigments is in accordance with the standards of MIO pigments for paints （ISO 10601-2007）. This clean, effective, and economical technology offers a new way to recycle oily CRM sludge.

Synthesis and properties of SrFe_(12)O_(19) obtained by solid waste recycling of oily cold rolling mill sludge

The aim of this study was to develop a new approach for the preparation of environmentally friendly, high-value products from oily cold rolling mill(CRM) sludge. Utilizing oily CRM sludge as a source of iron, strontium hexaferrite(SrFe_(12)O_(19)) powders were prepared by multi-step processes involving acid leaching, chemical conversion treatment, and synthesis by a citrate precursor. The influences of citric acid dosage and the pH of the sol system on the formation, crystallite size, and magnetic properties of the obtained SrFe_(12)O_(19) powders were investigated. High saturation magnetization(74.8 mA·m^2·g^(–1)) and intrinsic coercivities(614.46 mT) were achieved for pH 7.0 of the sol system, for which the molar ratio of citric acid dosage to the total dosage of Fe^(3+) and Sr^(2+) was 1.5. This study presents a new approach to utilizing oily CRM sludge, and even refractory iron-containing solid waste.

Performance of RAP in the System of Cold Inplace Recycling of Asphalt Pavement

The property of reclaimed asphalt pavement（RAP） mixture will be affected mainly by composition of old asphalt/soil and cement content in CIR system. We studied the relationship between A/S and cementitious materials. It showed that if there was no soil in RAP, the unconfined compressive strength was only from 0.18 MPa to 1.07 MPa even if adding cement was from 2% to 6%, and RAP samples collapsed during conserving in water. The optimum water content rose from 6.5% to 11% with the declining of A/S from S=0 to A/S=1/5. Five RAP samples all got the maximum compressive strength when A/S=5/5, and the maximum compressive strength of the samples adding 6% cement was 3.17 MPa. It showed that the capacity of RAP was not only affected by A/S, but also by the content of cement. The dynamic modulus of RAP will increase with the rise of loading frequency and decrease with the temperature rising. SEM test showed that C-S-H interlacing formed the netted structure, and it enwrapped the aggregate and improved the strength of RAP.

The Characteristics of Asphalt Mixture in the System of Full Thickness Cold In-place Recycling

A new research method was proposed（A/S method） to study the components and properties of reclained asphalt mixture（RAP）. The RAP was divided into two main parts, one was marked with A that included all the reclaimed old asphalt materials（including some parts of particle materials covered by asphalt）, the other was marked with S which mainly included works soil in the road structure. The actual working conditions were simulated by this kind of new method, and the adaption between the RAP properties, A/S, and the content of cementitious materials were studied. The research indicated that the real working condition could be simulated effectively by means of A/S method. It was also showed that high content of cement could improve the overall performance of RAP significantly, but it would have a negative effect on the properties of RAP if the types and sizes of aggregate particles in RAP mixture were too single. The optimum water content and maximum dry density could not be regarded as the primary basis to evaluate the overall performance of RAP, when S=0 in the experiments, although the maximum density of samples was bigger than that with A/S=1/1, the samples were not strong enough and they were easy to collapse, which indicated that component design of RAP played a great role in improving the overall properties of RAP and the comprehensive tests should be considered to evaluate the stability of RAP. Low frequency load in high temperature environment had the negative effect on the overall stability of RAP, and factors such as the loading state of the materials, the hydration degree of cementitious materials, and the aggregate gradation in the mixture were the determining factors for improving the overall performance of RAP.

Asphalt Pavement Cold Recycling and Basic Characteristics of RAP Materials and their application

In the developed countries significant proportion of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)materials are used in the construction of pavements.Until recently,milled asphalt from old roads was sent to tip as waste.However,in recent years there has been increased use of waste materials in many road projects within the capital city and federal road network.Use of RAP materials is relatively new to Ethiopia and understanding its characteristics and related technology with all its potential environmental,economic and social benefits is important.Cold recycling is desired due to its potential economic benefit.In this study characteristics of RAP materials are assessed both from literature and laboratory investigations in order to better understand its performance and use.Questionnaire survey was undertaken to identify factors that are hindering recycling of materials in pavements in Ethiopia and what is to be done to overcome these factors.A policy statement is derived to support a quick start and implementation of asphalt pavement recycling in Ethiopia.Currently,a huge asphalt pavement network is being constructed and virgin construction material exploration and import materials such as bitumen is costing the country a lot of money.Over USD 7 Billion worth asphalt pavement have been constructed over the last 23 years to serve the public and freight transport,which requires about USD 176 million annually for maintenance and rehabilitation works.Therefore,any saving obtained from recycling will have meaningful impact on cost saving and environment preservation.

Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance

The early asphalt pavement in our country severely reduced the road performance due to various external factors during the use process.According to incomplete statistics,there are more asphalt pavements that need to be renovated and repaired every year in China,and the amount of construction waste such as asphalt concrete and other construction waste reaches 1,000.About ten thousand tons.If such a huge amount of construction waste is not used,it will inevitably cause great pollution to the environment.If it can be reused,not only will it be environmentally friendly and energy-saving,it will also save more than one billion yuan in costs.In view of the above problems,this article conducts related Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance to provide reference for future projects.

Recycle of valuable products from oily cold rolling mill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill （CRM） sludge contains lots of iron and alloying elements along with plenty of hazardous organic components, which makes it as an attractive secondary source and an environmental contaminant at the same time. The compound methods of ＂vacuum distillation ＋ oxidizing roasting＂ and ＂vacuum distillation ＋ hydrogen reduction＂ were employed for the recycle of oily cold rolling mill sludge. First, the sludge was dynamically vacuum distilled in a rotating furnace at 50 r/rain and 600℃ for 3 h, which removed almost hazardous organic components, obtaining 89.2wt% ferrous resultant. Then, high purity ferric oxide powders （99.2wt%） and reduced iron powders （98.9wt%） were obtained when the distillation residues were oxidized and reduced, respectively. The distillation oil can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock, and the distillation gases can be collected and reused as a fuel.

Cement-fly Ash Stabilization of Cold In-place Recycled (CIR) Asphalt Pavement Mixtures for Road Bases or Subbases

For lack of laboratory and field performance data on stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement （RAP） aggregate and stabilized soil （S） for road bases and subbases construction, the influences of RAP/S ratio, cement and fly ash content, modifying agent （MA） on the compact, unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability of the CIR mixtures were investigated. The experimental results showed that the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content of the mixture changed significantly with the RAP/S ratio and cement-fly ash content. Unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability were improved significantly by the addition of MA, and the water stability was improved by nearly 20% on average. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） images indicated that MA accelerated the hydration of cement-fly ash system. Needle-like AFt and fibrous C-S-H gel were observed in the mixtures, which resulted in the cementation effect among the CIR mixture particles and a more compact microstructure. All these could be the cause of high strength of the CIR mixtures with MA.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by solid-state recycling process from chips

AZ31B magnesium alloy chips were recycled by three solid-state recycling processes including cold-pressing,hot-pressing followed by hot extrusion and double extrusion.Microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled specimens and reference specimens were compared.For the recycled specimen by cold-pressing,the grains are refined to a large extent during hot extrusion due to the presence of twins and high density dislocation.The recycled specimens by hot-pressing and double extrusion do not exhibit finer grain than that the recycled specimen by cold-pressing.Consequently,higher ultimate tensile strength of the recycled specimen by hot-pressing and double extrusion is not achieved.For hot pressing process,more compact billet lowers the porosity in recycled material,so elongation to failure of the recycled specimen increases.The recycled specimen fabricated by double extrusion process shows slightly higher elongation than the reference specimen.The second extrusion makes the oxides further crush and distribute more dispersedly,and minimizes porosity,which is responsible for the improved ductility.

水反应型全比例冷再生沥青混合料的路用性能研究

针对常规热拌再生沥青混合料应用时工序繁杂的问题,采用再生AC-20C矿料级配制备了水反应型全比例冷再生沥青混合料、热拌再生沥青混合料和泡沫沥青再生混合料,并对比了3种再生沥青混合料的性能。研究结果表明:水反应型全比例冷再生沥青混合料的性能优于泡沫沥青再生混合料,接近热拌再生沥青混合料。水反应型全比例冷再生沥青混合料7 d的马歇尔稳定度和动稳定度分别可达9.52 kN、4 228次/mm,其水稳定性能、低温抗裂性能和疲劳耐久性能均满足现行施工技术规范对热拌沥青混凝土的要求。随着时间的推移,反应型稀释剂与固化剂的交联络合反应会持续进行,水反应型全比例冷再生沥青混合料的物理力学性能也会持续增强。

基于CT图像的水泥稳定RAP材料细观结构研究

研究沥青混合料回收料(RAP)掺加对混合料组成与结构特性的影响,可为其应用在路面结构层以及材料参数设计提供理论支撑。基于X-ray CT与图像处理技术,提出了一种可区分新旧集料的冷再生混合料细观结构识别方法,分析了RAP团粒、旧集料与新集料的细观特征的差异,研究了RAP的掺加对水泥稳定材料细观结构的影响。结果表明:提出的细观结构识别方法可准确识别水泥稳定RAP材料断面图像中的空隙、砂浆、新集料与旧集料四类区域,完整地保留新旧集料的原始轮廓、大小与形状等信息;RAP团粒中分布较多初始微细裂缝,且旧集料扁平比与棱角性系数均大于新集料;RAP的掺加一方面增加了再生混合料中体积小于0.01 mm3的微空隙与大于100 mm3的大空隙数量,导致材料的密实度降低;另一方面也增加了材料的沥青砂浆含量,提高了再生混合料的平均砂浆膜厚度,使混合料骨架内部力传导更均匀;提高水泥稳定RAP材料中石屑与碎石比例,可使材料的平均空隙体积减小、平均砂浆膜厚度增大,从而改善再生混合料的骨架填充状态。

沥青路面全深式水泥稳定冷再生混合料性能研究

在半刚性基层沥青路面结构性养护设计中,将基层旧料和沥青路面旧料混合冷再生作为一种低碳工程技术。为探讨冷再生基层旧料和沥青路面旧料的不同比例混合料强度规律,本文以现场取回的沥青层RAP料和基层RBM料为原材料,在调查面层和基层料比例的基础上,就沥青混合料强度进行研究。选择了三种面层和基层混合料比例,以五种水泥掺量占比进行不同种类混合料的无侧限抗压强度试验,得出了其抗压强度的规律。综合考虑混合料强度与稳定性、经济性,采用33∶67的面基层用料比例较优;水泥掺量在5%~8%时随着水泥用量的增加再生混合料的强度增长较快,建议水泥掺量大于5%。

高RAP掺量SBS改性乳化沥青冷再生混合料的性能影响因素研究

为了改善高RAP掺量带来的冷再生混合料性能下降问题,研究了采用SBS改性乳化沥青作为再生沥青的冷再生混合料的设计及其性能。设计并制备了不同RAP掺量的冷再生混合料,并研究了水泥掺量、沥青用量、养护方式等因素对混合料力学强度、高温稳定性和抗水损害能力的影响规律。试验结果表明,在冷再生混合料设计中,RAP掺量越高,最佳含水量越高,最佳乳化沥青掺量越低。尽管RAP掺量的增加会导致混合料力学强度和高温性能的降低,但掺量在88%以内的冷再生混合料的各项性能均能满足再生规范要求,证明SBS改性乳化沥青有效改善了高RAP掺量下冷再生混合料性能不足的问题。水泥含量的增加会提高冷再生混合料的强度和耐久性,而沥青用量的增加使混合料的各项性能先提高后降低。

乳化沥青冷再生混合料疲劳性能及机理分析

乳化沥青冷再生混合料的抗疲劳开裂性能会影响沥青路面结构层整体服役寿命。为了评价不同增强方式下乳化沥青冷再生沥青混合料的疲劳性能,以普通乳化沥青、外掺玄武岩纤维和SBR改性乳化沥青这3种冷再生混合料为研究对象,开展了乳化沥青冷再生混合料中梁试件的四点弯曲疲劳试验,建立了3种乳化沥青冷再生沥青混合料的疲劳方程,揭示了疲劳过程中动态弯拉模量和累积耗散能的演化规律。采用扫描电镜试验获取了乳化沥青冷再生混合料疲劳破坏界面的微观形貌。试验结果表明:动态弯拉模量衰减至初始模量的70%~80%即可能发生断裂。动态弯曲劲度模量比κ越小、累积耗散能越大,疲劳性能越好。SBR改性乳化沥青和外掺玄武岩纤维均可以改善乳化沥青冷再生混合料的抗疲劳性能。SEM试验揭示了乳化沥青冷再生混合料的抗疲劳性能增强机理。研究成果可为乳化沥青冷再生混合料的抗疲劳性能提升及其耐久性设计提供参考。

乳化沥青冷再生混合料断裂性能试验研究

乳化沥青冷再生沥青路面的开裂问题是制约其大规模推广使用的主要原因之一。为了研究冷再生沥青混合料断裂性能的评价指标及抗裂性能提升措施,以普通乳化沥青、外掺玄武岩纤维和SBR改性乳化沥青3种冷再生混合料为研究对象,开展了有预制裂缝中梁的四点弯曲强度试验及其断裂过程的声发射测试;以应变能释放速率、应力强度因子和声发射测试中所采集的能量及振铃计数‒撞击数等参数为评价指标,对比分析了3种不同乳化沥青冷再生混合料的断裂性能。试验结果表明:使用SBR改性乳化沥青和外掺玄武岩纤维均对乳化沥青冷再生混合料的抗断裂性能有较为显著的提升,且相比于使用SBR改性乳化沥青,外掺玄武岩纤维更为有效。振铃计数和撞击数参数可以较好地描述材料的断裂特征,声发射试验结果与断裂力学参数计算结果满足较好的线性相关性。声发射信号参数能够很好地描述乳化沥青冷再生混合料在四点弯曲试验中的断裂特征。

改性乳化沥青冷再生技术及设备改进分析

在我国经济建设稳步推进的背景下,交通运输线路肩负着重要的功能作用,为解决路面损坏的问题,缓解其对于出行与运输安全造成的阻碍,该文提出改性乳化沥青冷再生技术的应用,其作为一种新型的路面翻修施工技术具有显著的优势。通过对改性乳化沥青冷再生技术的分析,对该技术工艺与设备进行全面了解,由此得出改性乳化沥青冷再生技术及设备改进具体性能结论,为沥青路面施工创造出更好的经济效益。

混杂纤维改性乳化沥青冷再生混合料性能研究

为了提高乳化沥青冷再生混合料(EACRM)的使用性能,选用玄武岩纤维(BF)和聚丙烯纤维(PP)作为混杂纤维进行配比设计,并基于一系列室内试验针对混杂纤维EACRM的力学、路用、抗松散及耐久等性能进行了研究。结果表明:随着纤维掺量的增加,EACRM的力学性能先提高后降低,掺入合理配比及掺量的混杂纤维均能有效提高EACRM的力学性能;与未掺、单掺纤维相比,混杂纤维对EACRM路用性能、抗松散性能以及耐久性能的改善效果更优;m(BF):m(PP)=7:3、总掺量为0.4%的混杂纤维可显著增强EACRM的综合性能,进一步提升其服役质量及使用性能。

泡沫沥青复合式冷再生混合料组成设计与性能评价

文中通过发泡试验确定了泡沫沥青的最佳发泡条件,采用马歇尔试验确定了RAP和RAI不同掺配比例下泡沫沥青的最佳掺量,测试分析了泡沫沥青复合式冷再生混合料的抗压强度、抗拉强度、水稳定性和动态模量等性能.结果表明:在发泡温度为160℃,发泡用水量为2.9%的条件下,沥青发泡效果最优;在最佳发泡条件下,RAP掺量为0%、20%、40%的三种方案对应的泡沫沥青最佳掺量分别为3.4%、3.1%、2.9%,此时,三种方案均有较好的抗压、抗拉、水稳定性,并且随着泡沫沥青冷再生混合料中RAP掺量的增加,柔化程度与抗拉性能均逐渐增大,但抗压性能与水稳定性能均有所降低.

泡沫沥青冷再生技术在高速公路养护中的应用

为进一步提高高速公路使用效率,有必要对病害路段进行新的养护。文章介绍了泡沫沥青冷再生技术的发展现状、施工步骤及特点,结合G6京藏高速公路兰海段路面养护,重点分析了使用泡沫沥青冷再生技术的施工过程,从具体细节探讨混合料配合比设计、施工要点。实践证明,泡沫沥青冷再生技术值得在高速公路的养护中加以应用。