Research on the properties of laser welded joints of aluminum killed cold rolled steel

Aluminum killed cold rolled steel used for automobiles was welded in this paper by using CO 2 laser with wavelength 10.6μm.The experiment shows that high quality of welding can be realized at welding speed of 4 500mm/min by optimizing the parameters.The strength and hardness of laser welded joints for aluminum killed cold rolled steel increased compared to those of the base metal while the formability decreased.Forming limit diagram of joint material indicated that the laser weld seam should avoid the maximum deformation area of automobile parts during the designing period for the position of weld seam.

Research on the design of cold rolled ultra high strength sheet steel

This study researches cold rolled ultra high strength martensitic steel processed by water quenching. It is found that both the quenching and overageing temperatures greatly influence the mechanical properties of martensitic steel. A tensile strength of 1500 MPa can be obtained from 0.2% C-1.8% Mn steel by soaking at 840℃,quenching at 700℃ and overageing at 200℃ for several minutes. The continuous cooling transformation （CCT） diagram reveals that full martensite can be obtained at a cooling rate of 100℃/s or higher; and at a cooling rate of 3 - 10℃/s,austenite barely decomposes at 700℃. For steel with 0.2% carbon and less manganese, austenite decomposition occurs before it is cooled to 700℃ at a cooling rate of 3 - 10℃/s, which leads to lower tensile strength. It is possible to reduce the manganese content of the 1500 MPa martensitic steel by increasing the quenching temperature. To increase the quenching temperature,the control of flatness during water quenching becomes a major concern.

Effect of the Heat-treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of Cold-rolled Twinning-induced Plasticity Steel

TWIP steels with 70% cold-rolled reduction were heated at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 ℃. Then, the properties before and after heating were examined through tensile and hardness experiments. The microstructures were also analyzed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The relationship between the properties and microstructure was examined as well. Finally, the evolution process of cold-rolled microstructures during heating was discussed in detail. Moreover, some conclusions can be drawn, and the heating evolution characteristics are described.

Strain rate and cold rolling dependence of tensile strength and ductility in high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel

The tensile strength and ductility of a high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with solution and cold rolling treatment were investigated by performing tensile tests at different strain rates and at room temperature. The tensile tests demonstrated that this steel exhibits a significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the tensile strength and ductility.With the increase of the strain rate from 10^-4s^-1to 1 s^-1, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase and the uniform elongation and total elongation decrease. The analysis of the double logarithmic stress–strain curves showed that this steel exhibits a two-stage strain hardening behavior, which can be well examined and analyzed by using the Ludwigson equation. The strain hardening exponents at low and high strain regions（n2and n1） and the transition strain（εL） decrease with increasing strain rate and the increase of cold rolling RA. Based on the analysis results of the stress–strain curves, the transmission electron microscopy characterization of the microstructure and the scanning electron microscopy observation of the deformation surfaces, the significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the strength and ductility of this steel were discussed and connected with the variation in the work hardening and dislocation activity with strain rate and cold rolling.

Numerical simulation of roll temperature field and analysis of influence factor during the single-stand reversing cold rolling process

Accurate calculation results of roll temperature are the key factors in rolling cooling and lubricating technology during the single-stand reversing cold rolling process. By combining the high-strength steel rolling experiments ,the numerical simulation of roll temperature, and the influence factors in reversing cold rolling were studied. The research results correspond with those of rolling experiments and show that the research method could provide effective instruction for roll cooling and emulsion flow rate control during the on-site rolling process.

Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Cold Rolled Si-Mn Steel Under Different Strain Rates

Tensile mechanical behavior of cold rolled Si-Mn steel after TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) and DP (Dual Phase) treatment were investigated under different strain rates.The dynamic tensile test was carried out using the rotation disk bar-bar tensile impact apparatus.At static tension test condition,the values of total elongation for TRIP steel was approximately 2-3 times higher than DP steel because of TRIP effect;the DP steel showed a higher tensile strength because of 39.6vol% martensite in the matrix.The results of tension test at high strain rate condition were different.For the studied steel,the elongation increased with increasing strain rate due to softening of matrix caused by adiabatic heating;in addition,TRIP steel at low strain rate was always higher than that at high strain rate because progressive strain induced retained austenite was suppressed at high strain rate.

Structure and Texture Formation During Single and Double Cold Rolling and Annealing Processes for Nb+Ti Added Interstitial-Free Steels

The structure and texture formation for single cold rolling （SCR） with annealing and double cold rolling （DCR） with annealing were investigated based on optical microscope and X-ray diffraction （XRD） with a Nb＋Ti bearing interstitial free （IF） steel. The results indicated that DCR recrystallization grain was smaller than that of SCR sample and double cold rolling process resulted in better mechanical properties than those resulted from single cold rolling process with the same total reduction conducted. The plastic strain ratio increases from 2.23 for single cold rolling process to 3.2 for double rolling process. The fish-bone structure was observed in all SCR and DCR samples. DCR annealed sample is made up of equiaxed grains of almost uniform size, whereas SCR annealed sample shows a duplex grain structure, consisting of both large and small-sized grains. （Ti＋Nb）C and Fe（Ti＋Nb）P type precipitates were very rarely observed in SCR annealed and DCR annealed steels. The intensity of {111}∥ND for the DCR annealing was higher than that for SCR annealing.

Effects of Cold Rolling Reduction on Retained Austenite Fraction and Mechanical Properties of High-Si TRIP Steel

Transformation-induced plasticity-aided steel was rolled at room temperature to different thickness reductions （0, 4%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60%）. The mechanical properties, microstructure and austenite fractions of the rolled samples were measured by tensile test, electron back scattered diffraction （EBSD） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） for each rolling. The deformation behavior was studied based on the analysis of the mechanical properties and microstructure of steel after tensile deformation, aiming at understanding the effects of cold rolling reduction on the decay behavior of the austenite and the change of mechanical properties of the TRIP steels. It was found that increasing rolling reduction increases the yield stress gradually but decreases the total elongation significantly. It is very interesting that after 10% rolling reduction the yield stress is about 1 000 MPa but still with 20% total elongation, which gives an excellent combination of yield strength and ductility. Based on the XRD results, it was revealed that in both rolling and tension the austenite volume fraction monotonically decayed with the increase of rolling strain, but the decaying rate is faster in tension than in rolling, which may be ascribed to the higher temperature in rolled specimens than in the tensioned ones during deformation. Experimental results and theoretical reasoning indicate that the decreasing trend of austenite volume fraction with strain can be formulated by a unique equation.

Effects of Rolling Parameters on Texture and Formability of High Strength Ultra-Low Carbon BH Steel

The effects of hot rolling and cold rolling parameters on texture and r （ plastic strain ratio ） value of high strength ultra low carbon bake hardening （ ULC-BH ） steels are studied with orientation distribution function （ ODF ） structural analysis method.After hot rolling , the high strength ULC-BH steel sheet has weakγ-fiber with uniform orientation distributions , and weakα-fiber , of which { 445 } component forms a high intensity peak at coiling temperature of 750℃.After cold rolling , both { 111 } -{ 111 } intensity on theγ-fiber and{ 111 -}{ 112 } intensity on theα-fiber enhanced.As a result of substitutional solute elements Mn and P being added to the steel , strong { 112 } deformation texture component is observed onα-fiber , especially at 80%cold rolling reduction , and this leads to the strong { 111 } recrystallization texture after annealing.The increase of cold rolling reduction shifts the maximum intensity on theγ-fiber from { 111 } to { 111 } .After annea-ling , a very strongγ-fiber is obtained , with intensity peak at { 111 } component when cold rolling reduction reaches 80%.Increasing coiling temperature and cold rolling reduction improveγ-fiber intensity and r value , resulting in good deep drawability.