During cold ring rolling process, changing the sizes of forming rolls including driver roll and idle roll will lead to a change of amount of feed Ah and contact areas between ring blank and forming rolls, thus a chang...During cold ring rolling process, changing the sizes of forming rolls including driver roll and idle roll will lead to a change of amount of feed Ah and contact areas between ring blank and forming rolls, thus a change of the shape and dimension of deformation zone located in the gap of forming rolls is found. It has a significant effect on metal flow and the forming quality of deformed ring. So the size effect of forming rolls on cold ring rolling was investigated by three-dimensional dynamic explicit FEM under ABAQUS environment. The obtained results thoroughly reveal the influence laws of the sizes of forming rolls on the average spread, fishtail coefficient, degree of inhomogeneous deformation and force and power parameters etc not only provide an important basis for design of the forming rolls and optimization of cold ring rolling process, but also reveal the plastic deformation mechanism of cold ring rolling.展开更多
ABSTRACT Numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System （ARPS） model were performed to investigate the impact of microphysical drop size distribution （DSD） on tornadogenesis in a subtropical s...ABSTRACT Numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System （ARPS） model were performed to investigate the impact of microphysical drop size distribution （DSD） on tornadogenesis in a subtropical supercell thunderstorm over Anhui Province, eastern China. Sensitivity experiments with different intercept parameters of rain, hail and snow DSDs in a Lin-type microphysics scheme were conducted. Results showed that rain and hail DSDs have a significant impact on the simulated storm both microphysically and dynamically. DSDs characterized by larger （smaller） intercepts have a smaller （larger） particle size and a lower （higher） mass-weighted mean fall velocity, and produce relatively stronger （weaker） and wider （narrower） cold pools through enhanced （reduced） rain evaporation and hail melting processes, which are then less favorable （favorable） for tornadogenesis. However, tornadogenesis will also be suppressed by the weakened mid-level mesocyclone when the cold pool is too weak. When compared to a U.S. Great Plain case, the two microphysical processes are more sensitive to DSD variations in the present case with a higher melting level and deeper warm layer. This suggests that DSD-related cloud microphysics has a stronger influence on tornadogenesis in supercells over the subtropics than the U.S. Great Plains.展开更多
针对甲醇发动机难以形成浓度合适的混合气而造成冷起动困难的问题,以一台应用自主开发的进气道低压空气辅助喷射系统(air assisted port injection,AAPI)的单缸甲醇发动机为研究对象开展试验研究,探究不采用辅助措施通过AAPI喷射实现甲...针对甲醇发动机难以形成浓度合适的混合气而造成冷起动困难的问题,以一台应用自主开发的进气道低压空气辅助喷射系统(air assisted port injection,AAPI)的单缸甲醇发动机为研究对象开展试验研究,探究不采用辅助措施通过AAPI喷射实现甲醇高雾化对甲醇发动机冷起动的影响及规律。试验表明AAPI明显加快了甲醇发动机冷起动前可燃混合气的形成速率。AAPI甲醇发动机着火前过量空气系数λ的平均变化率值和峰值变化率分别是普通喷射方式的3.2倍和2.26倍。点火时刻对AAPI甲醇发动机冷起动影响较大,为使AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能最优,需配合合适的点火时刻,试验条件下最佳点火时刻为活塞压缩上止点前20°。AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能受环境温度影响较大,随着环境温度的降低,甲醇发动机冷起动时间增长;不采用辅助措施,AAPI甲醇发动机在5℃时能实现可靠冷起动。展开更多
目前,工业上广泛采用“分解-浮选”工艺生产KCl,但是在光卤石分解过程中NaCl对KCl晶体的影响尚不明确。在光卤石的分解结晶阶段,由于KCl和NaCl的明显聚集,使得两种颗粒在浮选阶段的分离效率较差。以NaCl掺杂光卤石为原料,开展了分解-浮...目前,工业上广泛采用“分解-浮选”工艺生产KCl,但是在光卤石分解过程中NaCl对KCl晶体的影响尚不明确。在光卤石的分解结晶阶段,由于KCl和NaCl的明显聚集,使得两种颗粒在浮选阶段的分离效率较差。以NaCl掺杂光卤石为原料,开展了分解-浮选制备KCl实验。以NaCl的粒径和含量为变量,结合扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer,SEM-EDS)图像,研究了NaCl的粒度和含量对精矿中KCl品位的影响。研究结果显示,掺杂的NaCl粒径对精矿中KCl的影响较大。当NaCl粒径在40~60目时,随着光卤石中NaCl含量的升高,浮选后精矿品位基本不变,K^(+)平均含量为44.39%;当NaCl粒径在60~80目和100目下时,随着光卤石中NaCl含量的升高,浮选后精矿中K^(+)含量明显降低,K^(+)含量分别降低至36.08%和35.48%,而Na+含量分别升高至6.27%和8.36%。此外,SEM和EDS结果表明精矿中的杂质NaCl是以黏附或者嵌入的方式生长在KCl晶体上,从而导致浮选KCl的同时NaCl一起选出,使得精矿中K^(+)含量降低。该研究结果成功揭示了盐田低钾光卤石矿生产钾肥过程中NaCl和KCl难分离的主要原因,为盐湖钾资源的高效利用提供了研究基础。展开更多
对Φ28~40 mm HRB500E冷弯裂纹进行分析。通过对气体含量、金相组织、夹杂含量等检测结果与正常样的对比分析,并梳理炼钢与轧钢工艺控制参数,发现,造成大规格HRB500E冷弯裂纹的主要原因是:精炼操作不当造成的夹杂物含量多且分布不均匀,...对Φ28~40 mm HRB500E冷弯裂纹进行分析。通过对气体含量、金相组织、夹杂含量等检测结果与正常样的对比分析,并梳理炼钢与轧钢工艺控制参数,发现,造成大规格HRB500E冷弯裂纹的主要原因是:精炼操作不当造成的夹杂物含量多且分布不均匀,以及连铸冷却制度不合理导致铸坯柱状晶发达且表面存在纵向裂纹。采用适当延长精炼时间、优化精炼喂线操作、降低连铸冷却强度等措施,有效改善了大规格HRB500E冷弯裂纹缺陷,提高冷弯检测合格率至100%。展开更多
基金Prqject(50335060) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Key Program of China Project (50225518) supported by the National Science Found of China for Distinguished Young Scholars
文摘During cold ring rolling process, changing the sizes of forming rolls including driver roll and idle roll will lead to a change of amount of feed Ah and contact areas between ring blank and forming rolls, thus a change of the shape and dimension of deformation zone located in the gap of forming rolls is found. It has a significant effect on metal flow and the forming quality of deformed ring. So the size effect of forming rolls on cold ring rolling was investigated by three-dimensional dynamic explicit FEM under ABAQUS environment. The obtained results thoroughly reveal the influence laws of the sizes of forming rolls on the average spread, fishtail coefficient, degree of inhomogeneous deformation and force and power parameters etc not only provide an important basis for design of the forming rolls and optimization of cold ring rolling process, but also reveal the plastic deformation mechanism of cold ring rolling.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41175118, 40775005 and 41175043)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2013CB430105)partially supported by the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (Grant Nos.GYHY200906003 and GYHY201306040)
文摘ABSTRACT Numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System （ARPS） model were performed to investigate the impact of microphysical drop size distribution （DSD） on tornadogenesis in a subtropical supercell thunderstorm over Anhui Province, eastern China. Sensitivity experiments with different intercept parameters of rain, hail and snow DSDs in a Lin-type microphysics scheme were conducted. Results showed that rain and hail DSDs have a significant impact on the simulated storm both microphysically and dynamically. DSDs characterized by larger （smaller） intercepts have a smaller （larger） particle size and a lower （higher） mass-weighted mean fall velocity, and produce relatively stronger （weaker） and wider （narrower） cold pools through enhanced （reduced） rain evaporation and hail melting processes, which are then less favorable （favorable） for tornadogenesis. However, tornadogenesis will also be suppressed by the weakened mid-level mesocyclone when the cold pool is too weak. When compared to a U.S. Great Plain case, the two microphysical processes are more sensitive to DSD variations in the present case with a higher melting level and deeper warm layer. This suggests that DSD-related cloud microphysics has a stronger influence on tornadogenesis in supercells over the subtropics than the U.S. Great Plains.
文摘针对甲醇发动机难以形成浓度合适的混合气而造成冷起动困难的问题,以一台应用自主开发的进气道低压空气辅助喷射系统(air assisted port injection,AAPI)的单缸甲醇发动机为研究对象开展试验研究,探究不采用辅助措施通过AAPI喷射实现甲醇高雾化对甲醇发动机冷起动的影响及规律。试验表明AAPI明显加快了甲醇发动机冷起动前可燃混合气的形成速率。AAPI甲醇发动机着火前过量空气系数λ的平均变化率值和峰值变化率分别是普通喷射方式的3.2倍和2.26倍。点火时刻对AAPI甲醇发动机冷起动影响较大,为使AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能最优,需配合合适的点火时刻,试验条件下最佳点火时刻为活塞压缩上止点前20°。AAPI甲醇发动机的冷起动性能受环境温度影响较大,随着环境温度的降低,甲醇发动机冷起动时间增长;不采用辅助措施,AAPI甲醇发动机在5℃时能实现可靠冷起动。
文摘目前,工业上广泛采用“分解-浮选”工艺生产KCl,但是在光卤石分解过程中NaCl对KCl晶体的影响尚不明确。在光卤石的分解结晶阶段,由于KCl和NaCl的明显聚集,使得两种颗粒在浮选阶段的分离效率较差。以NaCl掺杂光卤石为原料,开展了分解-浮选制备KCl实验。以NaCl的粒径和含量为变量,结合扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer,SEM-EDS)图像,研究了NaCl的粒度和含量对精矿中KCl品位的影响。研究结果显示,掺杂的NaCl粒径对精矿中KCl的影响较大。当NaCl粒径在40~60目时,随着光卤石中NaCl含量的升高,浮选后精矿品位基本不变,K^(+)平均含量为44.39%;当NaCl粒径在60~80目和100目下时,随着光卤石中NaCl含量的升高,浮选后精矿中K^(+)含量明显降低,K^(+)含量分别降低至36.08%和35.48%,而Na+含量分别升高至6.27%和8.36%。此外,SEM和EDS结果表明精矿中的杂质NaCl是以黏附或者嵌入的方式生长在KCl晶体上,从而导致浮选KCl的同时NaCl一起选出,使得精矿中K^(+)含量降低。该研究结果成功揭示了盐田低钾光卤石矿生产钾肥过程中NaCl和KCl难分离的主要原因,为盐湖钾资源的高效利用提供了研究基础。
文摘对Φ28~40 mm HRB500E冷弯裂纹进行分析。通过对气体含量、金相组织、夹杂含量等检测结果与正常样的对比分析,并梳理炼钢与轧钢工艺控制参数,发现,造成大规格HRB500E冷弯裂纹的主要原因是:精炼操作不当造成的夹杂物含量多且分布不均匀,以及连铸冷却制度不合理导致铸坯柱状晶发达且表面存在纵向裂纹。采用适当延长精炼时间、优化精炼喂线操作、降低连铸冷却强度等措施,有效改善了大规格HRB500E冷弯裂纹缺陷,提高冷弯检测合格率至100%。
