A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this...A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this study, we used a classic rat model of traumatic brain injury to test the hypothesis that cold water swimming preconditioning improved the recovery of cognitive functions and explored the mechanisms. Results showed that after traumatic brain injury, pre-conditioned rats（cold water swimming for 3 minutes at 4℃） spent a significantly higher percent of times in the goal quadrant of cold water swim, and escape latencies were shorter than for non-pretreated rats. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells was significantly higher in pre-conditioned rats than those without pretreatment at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. Immunohistochemical staining and Von Willebrand factor staining demonstrated that the number of CD34~＋ stem cells and new blood vessels in the injured hippocampus tissue increased significantly in pre-conditioned rats. These data suggest that pretreatment with cold water swimming could promote the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in the peripheral blood and hippocampus. It also ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by experimental traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Swimrun was established in Sweden in 2006.In competition athletes alternate between running and swimming multiple times.It has grown from only being hosted in Sweden to now being a global sport.The swimrun race expose...Swimrun was established in Sweden in 2006.In competition athletes alternate between running and swimming multiple times.It has grown from only being hosted in Sweden to now being a global sport.The swimrun race exposes athletes to environments that require a unique set of skills.For example,participants have to negotiate ocean currents and waves.The environmental conditions change between the runs and the swims.Athletes may be exposed to hot temperatures when running in wetsuits(25℃and hotter)and cold water(colder than 16℃)when swimming.This sudden change in environmental conditions imposes a poorly defined physiological stress on the participants.Research on the demands of swimrun is scarce.More research is needed to improve athlete safety during events.Also,research is needed to provide insight into enhancing training methods and performance.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Incubation Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital in China,No.303071901401the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.13JCZDJC30800the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271361 and 81330029
文摘A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this study, we used a classic rat model of traumatic brain injury to test the hypothesis that cold water swimming preconditioning improved the recovery of cognitive functions and explored the mechanisms. Results showed that after traumatic brain injury, pre-conditioned rats（cold water swimming for 3 minutes at 4℃） spent a significantly higher percent of times in the goal quadrant of cold water swim, and escape latencies were shorter than for non-pretreated rats. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells was significantly higher in pre-conditioned rats than those without pretreatment at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. Immunohistochemical staining and Von Willebrand factor staining demonstrated that the number of CD34~＋ stem cells and new blood vessels in the injured hippocampus tissue increased significantly in pre-conditioned rats. These data suggest that pretreatment with cold water swimming could promote the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in the peripheral blood and hippocampus. It also ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by experimental traumatic brain injury.
文摘Swimrun was established in Sweden in 2006.In competition athletes alternate between running and swimming multiple times.It has grown from only being hosted in Sweden to now being a global sport.The swimrun race exposes athletes to environments that require a unique set of skills.For example,participants have to negotiate ocean currents and waves.The environmental conditions change between the runs and the swims.Athletes may be exposed to hot temperatures when running in wetsuits(25℃and hotter)and cold water(colder than 16℃)when swimming.This sudden change in environmental conditions imposes a poorly defined physiological stress on the participants.Research on the demands of swimrun is scarce.More research is needed to improve athlete safety during events.Also,research is needed to provide insight into enhancing training methods and performance.
