INDIGESTION OF FOOD RETENTION IN CHILDREN TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE AND MASSAGE

Objective By acupuncture plus massage to treat poor appetite induced by indigestion of food retention in children to restore their normal appetite. Methods 476 cases of indigestion of food retention in children were treated by acupuncture plus massage. Results 385 of the 476 cases were cured, and 91 cases were improved by one treatment with a total effective rate of 100%. Conclusion Acupuncture plus massage provided remarkable therapeutic effects on indigestion of food retention in children.

High-throughput sequencing analysis of the regulation of intestinal flora in giant pandas with indigestion using a probiotic agent LyPB

This study aimed to investigate the eff ect of LyPB on the intestinal microfl ora of giant pandas with indigestion,using high-throughput sequencing(HTS)technology.The species distribution and microfl oral density and diversity before and after administration of the LyPB probiotic agent were analyzed.LyPB evidently has the ability to adjust the fl oral imbalance in the panda’s intestine.To test the eff ects of LyPB on the microfl ora of the panda gut,fecal samples were taken from a healthy giant panda(Anan)without administration of LyPB and from a dyspeptic giant panda Yangyang before and after LyPB administration.Compared with the sample obtained from healthy Anan(anan-c)and that obtained from dyspeptic Yangyang before LyPB administration(yangyang1),the sample taken from Yangyang(yangyang2)after LyPB administration displayed a signifi cant increase in the operational taxonomic unit index.An increase in the Chao index indicated an increase in the microfl oral richness,while an increase in the Shannon index indicated an increase in microfl oral diversity.At phylum and genus levels,a signifi cant increase was observed in the density of probiotic bacteria of phylum fi rmicutes,genus Streptococcus,while a drastic reduction in the density of Escherichia coli/Escherichia coli Shigella/bacteria of genus Shigella was observed.Data obtained in this study shows that LyPB preparations successfully improve the microbial structure within the panda’s intestinal canal by signifi cantly increasing the eff ective microbial community and decreasing the number of pathogenic microbes.

Digestion process and causes of indigestion based on Avicenna's view and modern medicine

The process of food digestion is one of the most important physiologic processes in human body. In this review, we are seeking the views of Avicenna, the most distinguished Persian medical scholar about digestion and indigestion. Avicenna’s view was based on the humoral theory. Avicenna has focused scrutiny on the process of digestion. He divided this process into four phases including gastric, hepatic, intravascular and intra-organ digestion. A defect in any of these phases can lead to disturbance in other stages. Avicenna approached the problem of indigestion through factors of diet, lifestyle and inherent structural characteristics of digestive organs. Modern medicine confirms Avicenna's opinion about the start of digestion from the mouth, the role of the stomach in digestion and the role of the liver in the metabolism of foods. Overeating or eating certain foods, snacking between meals, eating variety of different foods together, intense physical activity, sexual activity after a meal, stress and sleep insufficiency are among factors that may be linked to indigestion in modern medicine viewpoints and also have been mentioned in Avicenna's teachings. It seems rational to consider the medical approaches recommended by Avicenna for future studies in the field of digestive disorders.

THE EXPERIENCE OF FINGER PRESSURE METHOD IN THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE INDIGESTION

In this article, effective finger pressure methods for the treatment of infantile indi-gestion were introduced, which include back finger knocking method, Jiaji points pressing methodand abdomen finger pressing method. 64 cases have been observed. Among them, cured: 43 cases,significantly improved: 12 cases. The total effective rate: 98. 4%. The results showed that fingerpressure method is an effective external treatment method which has the characteristics of simplicity,no damage. This method can be widely accepted by children.

Analysis of the Curative Effect of Cold-Dampness Epidemic Prescription(寒湿疫方)on the Main Symptoms of Quarantined People in Community

Objective:To evaluate the curative effect of"Cold-Dampness Epidemic Prescription(寒湿疫方)"on the main symptoms of quarantined people in community based on real-world research data,and to provide scientific basis for Chinese medicine to fight Coronavirus disease 2019 under the"Wuchang Model".Methods:From February 4,2020 to March 5,2020,the data of community quarantined people who only took"Cold-Dampness Epidemic Prescription(寒湿疫方)"under the management of"Wuchang Model"were collected,and the demographic characteristics,basic diseases,distribution of sick people,treatment process,disappearance time of eight clinical symptoms,adverse reactions and clinical outcomes of patients were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 951 quarantined people in COVID-19 community were included,including 440 males(46.27%)and 511 females(53.73%),the oldest was 89 years old,the youngest was 2 years old,and the average age was 43.34 years old;Among the quarantined population in the community,there were 141 cases diagnosed by CDC(14.83%),CDC excluded 810 cases(85.17%);106 cases of CDC were diagnosed as COVID-19,accounting for 47.96%of the self-reported cases,and 311 cases(32.70%)had previous medical history;696(73.19%)had no obvious symptoms,and 255(26.81%)developed fever,fatigue,cough,sputum,shortness of breath,loss of appetite,diarrhea and mood,of which 187(19.66%)had cough symptoms,followed by sputum coughing(14.30%)and fever(13.56%).Conclusion:"Cold-Dampness Epidemic Prescription(寒湿疫方)"is effective in treating the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 without obvious adverse reactions.

Molecular Mechanism of Prescription for the Syndrome of Cold-Dampness Obstructing the Lung in the Treatment of COVID-19 Based on Network Pharmacology

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of the prescription for the syndrome of cold-damp-ness obstructing the lung in the treatment of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The medicinals for the treatment of the syndrome of cold-dampness obstructing the lung,such as Cangzhu(Rhizoma Atractylo-dis),Chenpi(Pericarpium Gitri Reticulatae),Houpo(Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis),Huoxiang(Herba Agastachis),Caoguo(Fructus Tsaoko),Mahuang(Herba Ephedrae),Qianghuo(Rhizoma et Radix Notoptery-gi),Shengjiang(Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens),Binlang(Semen Arecae)in the Diagnosis and Treatment Pro-gram of COVID-19(Trial Version 6)were taken as research subjects,and the combination of these nine me-dicinals can be called Hanshi Zufei Fang(寒湿阻肺方,HSZFF).The active components and targets of each single Chinese materia medica was screened and obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP)database.The target information related to COVID-19 was retrieved through the Gene-Cards disease-related target database.The medicinal prediction targets were mapped to the disease target to ob-tain the intersection targets.The DAVID database was applied to perform gene ontology(GO)enrichment anal-ysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis on the targets;GraphPad Prism 5.0 software was applied to plot the biological process(BP)of GO enrichment analysis,cellular component(CC),molecular function(MF)histograms;OmicShare online software was applied to make KEGG advanced bubble chart;Cytoscape software was applied to visualize the interaction with the targets and Chinese materia medica-components-targets results.Results:Totally 56 key active components of 9 Chinese materia medica for cold-dampness obstructing lung syndrome were screened,and 55 targets were obtained.The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the compound prescription mainly regulated the body's immune re-sponse and reduced inflammation by regulating such signaling pathways of inflammatory response and immune regulation as TNF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,infuenza A signaling pathway,T cell receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:HSZFF can eliminate infl ammation and inhibit virus by regulating immune inflammatory factors closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases through multi-component and multi-target.

Discuss ion on the Correlation Between Yang Deficiency&Cold-dampness and Malignant Tumors Based on"Diseases producing the liquid that is clear and chill all result from coldness"

Tumor is defined as a kind of chronic diseases by the World Health Organization.The integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine works well on the treatment of tumors,even in advanced patients or patients with recurring and metastatic tumor.However,the pathogenic mechanism of tumors is still unclear.Therefore,based on the 19 th pathogenesis in Yellow Emperor's Internal Class that"Diseases producing the liquid that is clear and chill all result from coldness",the paper explore s the etiology pathogenesis of malignant tumors,and the correlation between which and tumor recurrence and metastasis,and also discusses the rules for the treatment of tumors at various stages with great method of warming yang for dispelling cold.

基于尿液代谢组学的小儿积滞体质代谢特征分析

目的基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-QE-MS)技术的尿液代谢组学方法,寻找与小儿积滞体质相关的潜在生物标志物,探究积滞体质形成的代谢特征。方法依照侯江红教授制定的中医儿童体质分型与判定标准,纳入积滞体质与健康体质志愿者各30例。采集两组志愿者的尿液样品,利用UPLC-QE-MS技术进行尿液样品检测和数据采集,结合无监督的主成分分析法(PCA)和正交信号校正的偏最小二乘判别分析法(OPLS-DA)统计处理数据,以变量投影重要度(VIP)>1,P<0.05为卡值标准筛选积滞体潜在生物标志物,将筛选得到的差异代谢物导入到KEGG数据库,通过富集和拓扑分析,寻找相关性最强的关键途径。结果积滞体质与健康体质OPLS-DA得分图表明两种体质之间存在明显差异。在正、负离子模式下共鉴定出43个与积滞体质相关的潜在生物标志物,其中3个标志物涉及色氨酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢等5条通路。结论积滞体质潜在生物标志物主要参与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸代谢,脂肪酸代谢,β-丙氨酸代谢,烟酸和烟酰氨代谢,嘧啶代谢等途径,对机体的影响与积滞体质免疫力低下、易感冒、大便干结、易口疮和苔腻等状态相符,为儿童体质分型和判定标准提供客观化依据。

小儿推拿联合振腹治疗积滞(脾虚夹积型)的临床研究

目的探究小儿推拿联合振腹对积滞(脾虚夹积型)患儿临床症状改善的影响。方法从山东大学附属儿童医院推拿科门诊选取64例脾虚夹积型积滞患儿,随机分为观察组32例和对照组32例。对照组给予常规小儿推拿治疗约15 min,观察组在对照组的基础上增加振腹手法操作5 min,3次/周,共4周。观察两组总证候积分、主症积分和、次症积分和及各分症积分改善情况并进行对比。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总证候积分、主症积分和、次症积分和改善均优于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。各分症积分方面,3个主症及神疲肢倦、面色萎黄2个次症积分改善情况,观察组均优于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),腹满喜按、形体消瘦两项差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论常规小儿推拿之外增加振腹能提高小儿积滞(脾虚夹积型)的疗效,改善患儿证候积分,值得临床推广。

Efficacy of TCM Fumigation Using Dampness-and-cold-dispelling Formula Combined with Methotrexate and Leflunomide Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Cold-dampness Bi Syndrome

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis(RA),a chronic autoimmune disease,has a high incidence and disability rate,causing patients significant discomfort.Although several medicines can be effective,they are also associated with significant adverse effects.In contrast,fumigation as one of the most often used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)external therapy has shown both efficacy and safety with less side effect.In light of this,we comple-ment western medicine treatment with TCM fumigation therapy to improve patients’clinical efficacy,alleviate symptoms,and improve prognosis.Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of TCM fumigation and modern medicine combined therapy in treating RA patients with cold-dampness Bi syndrome.Methods:A single-center,randomized,controlled study was designed.From January 2022 to December 2022,a total of 60 RA patients with cold-dampness Bi syndrome were enrolled in the study.The control group(30 cases)received conventional modern medicine treatment with methotrexate for 4 weeks,while the observation group(30 cases)for 4 weeks received a combination of TCM fumigation treatment and conventional modern medicine.The effects of the two groups were comprehensively compared,including the changes in TCM symptom scores and laboratory indicators,as well as the use of visual analogue scale(VAS)and health status rating scale(HAQ)before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.3%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group,which is 70%(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in joint functional activity,pain visual analogue scale(VAS),health assessment questionnaire(HAQ-DI)and laboratory indexes between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,each group compared to their initial condition,respectively,showed major improvement of joint functional activity and significantly decreased VAS,HAQ-DI,and RA-related biomarkers(P<0.05);inter-group comparison of these indicators showed significanty further enhanced effect of TCM fumigation combined therapy on the RA-related biomarkers and joint functional activity of patients(P<0.05),yet the control group receiving only modern medicine showed better results of the VAS and HAQ-DI.Conclusion:The TCM fumigation combined therapy is effective to treat RA patients with cold-dampness Bi syn-drome,and to enhance their life quality,improving the joint function,and reducing inflammation.

低GI复合挤压米原料配方优化及降血糖功能验证

以大米粉为主料,复配白芸豆、鹰嘴豆、桑叶提取物以及大豆分离蛋白等辅料,经过双螺杆挤压技术制备了低血糖生成指数(GI值)复合挤压米,并通过小鼠试验验证其降血糖的功能。采用响应面试验,优化了低GI复合挤压米的原料配方,得出白芸豆添加比例39.3%、鹰嘴豆添加比例30.4%、桑叶提取物添加量4.6%、大豆分离蛋白添加量1.0%,其中白芸豆添加量和鹰嘴豆添加量对复合挤压米原料GI值的影响较显著。低GI复合挤压米对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别为33.4%和53.2%。对糖尿病小鼠的动物实验说明持续食用该低GI复合挤压米能够有效降低空腹血糖,维持血糖平衡,对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量能力有明显改善作用。该研究为研发高营养、好品质的挤压米提供思路,满足糖尿病人群对低GI值主食食品的需求。

酪酸梭菌活菌散与醒脾养儿颗粒联合治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻的效果

目的探讨在酪酸梭菌活菌散的基础上联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻(ID)取得的效果。方法选取2021年9月至2023年8月于本院接受治疗的98例ID患儿,按照随机数字表分组。两组患儿均接受常规对症治疗,对照组49例患儿采用酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗,研究组49例患儿在对照组的基础上使用醒脾养儿颗粒治疗。针对两组患儿的疗效、大便次数与症状好转时间、胃肠激素指标、免疫功能指标[T淋巴细胞分化簇4^(+)(CD4^(+))、分化簇8^(+)(CD8^(+))、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)]、不良反应(ADR)情况进行比较。结果两组患儿总有效率评价显示,研究组结果较对照组高(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组大便次数较对照组少(P<0.05)。研究组腹胀、大便性状、腹泻症状好转时间较对照组短(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组胃动素、胃泌素指标较对照组低(P<0.05),生长抑素指标较对照组高(P<0.05),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)水平较对照组高(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平较对照组低(P<0.05)。ADR评价显示中,两组未见差异(P>0.05)。结论在酪酸梭菌活菌散的基础上联合应用醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿ID效果较佳,可以快速改善相关症状,调节胃肠激素指标,增强机体免疫功能,安全可靠。

复方阿嗪米特治疗重度糜烂性胃炎并发消化不良患者的效果及其对胃黏膜功能恢复的影响

目的:研究复方阿嗪米特治疗重度糜烂性胃炎并发消化不良患者的效果及其对胃黏膜功能恢复的影响。方法:选取鹤壁市人民医院2021年9月至2023年5月收治的97例患者,随机分为常规组(n=48)和研究组(n=49)。常规组给予常规治疗,研究组联合复方阿嗪米特,两组患者均持续治疗4周,收集数据并比较两组患者疼痛程度、胃肠功能改善时间、胃肠激素水平、胃黏膜功能和不良反应。结果:研究组治疗后,腹痛腹胀消除时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、肠胃鸣恢复时间、肛门排气恢复时间别为(4.48±1.37)d、(2.08±0.68)分、(3.91±0.89)d、(4.32±1.10)d,均低于常规组(5.29±1.50)d、(2.95±0.74)分、(4.58±1.25)d、(5.02±1.35)d(P<0.01);研究组治疗后,胃蛋白酶原(PGⅡ、PGⅠ)、胃泌素-17(GAS-17)及5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平分别为(17.02±3.51)μg/L、(134.25±11.60)μg/L、(7.62±2.38)pmol/L、(191.20±12.58)mg/L,均高于常规组(13.92±3.25)μg/L、(120.58±9.84)μg/L、(5.84±2.12)pmol/L、(178.69±14.60)mg/L(P<0.001);研究组治疗后,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、抗原Ki-67、表皮生长因子(EGF)水平分别为(492.66±35.26)×10^(3)、97.69±8.46、(349.84±22.65)×10^(3),均低于常规组的(520.12±38.62)×10^(3)、103.54±9.85、(368.25±25.98)×10^(3)(P<0.01)。结论:复方阿嗪米特能够有效减轻重度糜烂性胃炎并发消化不良患者的疼痛程度,调节胃肠激素水平,保护胃黏膜功能,促进胃肠功能恢复,安全性高。

揿针配合保和散治疗小儿厌食症临床观察

目的 观察揿针配合口服保和散治疗小儿厌食症的临床效果。方法 将90例厌食症患儿随机分为A组(保和散组)、B组(揿针组)、C组(揿针+保和散组),治疗后通过指标检测对比3组的治疗效果。结果 C组总有效率96.7%(29/30)优于A组的86.7%(26/30)、B组的76.7%(23/30),与B组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组血清促人生长激素释放肽(Ghrelin)优于A、B 2组,与B组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组在中医证候积分及体质量指数(BMI)方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 厌食症患儿应用揿针配合口服保和散治疗,取得了较好的效果,值得临床推广。

健脾消积方联合推拿治疗小儿积滞脾虚夹积证临床研究

目的:观察健脾消积方联合推拿治疗小儿积滞脾虚夹积证的疗效及对中医证候积分的影响。方法:选取96例小儿积滞脾虚夹积证患者,按随机数字表法分为联合组及对照组各48例,2组均给予规范饮食、作息指导。对照组给予西药治疗,联合组在对照组基础上加以健脾消积方联合推拿治疗。2组均治疗4周。比较2组临床疗效及不良反应发生率,比较2组治疗前后中医证候积分、胃排空功能相关指标值、胃泌素(GAS)水平的变化。结果:联合组临床疗效总有效率为95.83%,对照组为83.33%,2组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,2组面色萎黄、不思饮食、食则饱胀、恶心呕吐、大便溏薄中医证候积分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),联合组上述5项中医证候积分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,2组最大饱足感胃容积、胃半排空时间均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),餐后0.5 h、1 h、2 h胃排空率均较治疗前升高(P<0.05);联合组胃半排空时间短于对照组(P<0.05),餐后0.5 h、1 h、2 h胃排空率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,2组血清GAS水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),联合组血清GAS水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。联合组不良反应发生率为6.25%,对照组不良反应发生率为10.42%,2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾消积方联合推拿可提升治疗小儿积滞的临床疗效,缓解临床症状,提高患儿胃肠蠕动及胃排空功能,安全性高。

小儿推拿联合中医护理治疗脾胃消化不良的效果研究

探究小儿推拿联合中医护理治疗脾胃消化不良的效果。选取2023年2月—2023年9月珠海区妇幼保健院门诊收治的52例小儿脾胃消化不良患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组和观察组两组,每组各26例。对照组患儿接受常规护理,观察组患儿接受小儿推拿联合中医护理,对比两组患儿护理效果。结果显示,护理后,观察组患儿各项中医证候积分均低于对照组(P<0.05);护理后,观察组患儿胃半排空时间短于对照组(P<0.05),胃窦运动指数、胃窦收缩频率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿护理总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);护理后,观察组患儿各项生活质量评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究发现,针对脾胃消化不良患儿,尽早实施小儿推拿联合中医护理,可有效改善患儿中医证候积分和胃肠动力学,可提高患儿护理总有效率与生活质量评分。

Disappearance and appearance of an indigestible marker in feces from growing pigs as affected by previous-and currentdiet composition

Background： Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of a marker in feces can be affected by diet composition, feed intake, or an animal＇s BW.The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of previous（Phase 1, P1） and current-（Phase 2, P2）diet composition on marker disappearance（Cr） and appearance（Ti） in pigs fed 3 diets differing in NDF content.Results： When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDF diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively,for Cr levels to decrease below the limit of quantitation; or 4.6, 3.7, or 2.8 d, respectively, for Ti to be maximized. These effects were not, however, independent of the previous diet as indicated by the interaction between P1 and P2 diets on fecal marker concentrations（P 〈 0.01）. When dietary NDF increased from P1 to P2, it took less time for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 2.5 d）, than if NDF decreased from P1 to P2 where it took longer for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 3.4 d）.Conclusions： Because of the wide range in excretion times reported in the literature and improved laboratory methods for elemental detection, the data suggests that caution must be taken in considering dietary fiber concentrations of the past and currently fed diets so that no previous dietary marker addition remains in the digestive tract or feces such that a smal amount of maker is present to confound subsequent experimental results, and that marker concentration have stabilized when these samples are col ected.

Clinical Efficacy Observation on Dysmenorrhea of Cold-damp Stagnation Type with Graphene Thermotherapy Based on the Idea of TCM "Preventive Treatment of Disease"

[Objectives] To explore the clinical efficacy of graphene waist protector on dysmenorrhea of cold-damp stagnation type.[Methods]150 patients with cold-damp stagnation type were randomly divided into 3 groups: 50 cases in the experimental group( using graphene waist protector),49 cases in the blank group( using the waist protector for removing the heating plate) and 51 cases in the control group( taking the Tongjingbao granules). After intervening for 3 menstrual cycles,visual analogue scale and the COX menstrual symptom scale were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of graphene waist protector. [Results] The clinical effective rate of dysmenorrhea in experimental group was 64. 00%,while that of control group was 72. 54%. With the effective rate of symptoms,the test group was 56. 00% and the control group was 64. 70%; VAS dysmenorrhea visual score,duration of dysmenorrhea,severity of COX dysmenorrhea and duration of symptoms after intervention were significantly decreased in both experimental group and control group,the differences were statistically significant( P < 0. 05); for the differences of the scores before and after the intervention: the differences of the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant( P < 0. 05) compared with those of the blank group. There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group( P > 0. 05). [Conclusions] Graphene belt of experimental group and Tongjingbao granules of control group both have therapeutic effects on dysmenorrhea of cold-damp stagnation type. Graphene waist protector can relieve the pain and its accompanying symptoms in patients with primary dysmenorrhea of cold-damp stagnation type.

超高压对抗性糊精制备过程的影响

通过表征超高压条件(500 MPa,10 min)对抗性糊精制备各阶段的结构及性质影响,探究难消化性更强的抗性糊精制备条件。结果表明,在高温(170℃,2 h)、酸化(基于淀粉质量10%的盐酸)及超高压(500 MPa,10 min)条件下,糊精化过程得到促进,结晶度降低的同时淀粉分子被水解成更小分子质量的短链糖和糊精片段。超高压在各阶段均促进酸热发挥作用,溶解度提升,达到80%左右,水分活度(AW)整体低于淀粉,影响食品稳定性的反应难以发生。键型结构方面,超高压处理后新形成的键型包括α-1,2、α-1,6、β-糖苷键、还原端等结构,新键型不利于再结晶和双螺旋结构的形成,故平均聚合度(DP)降低。高压与转苷酶联用对两者的转糖苷作用使得抗性糊精平均分支度(DB)大幅增加,远高于焦糊精,最高达到45.54%,此时难消化性最强。超高压助于α-淀粉酶淀粉分子解聚的基础上,也提供给了转苷酶更多的底物,间接增进酶反应效率。

数据挖掘和关联规则对某院儿科中药临床药师的指导研究

目的通过数据挖掘和关联规则,分析首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院(我院)治疗小儿消化不良的中药用药经验,为我院儿科中药临床药师的工作提供指导,提高儿童安全合理用药。方法采用Apriori算法,对儿童消化不良的中药饮片处方进行数据挖掘分析,总结高频用药、超量用药、高频中药功效、性味、归经分布和用药关联规则。结果经统计,消化不良中药饮片处方使用频次前37味药中,甜叶菊使用频次最高,其次是白术、陈皮、茯苓,部分中药存在超药典用量情况;高频中药功效以补气、消食、理气和化湿为主;药性以温者为多,占35.14%;药味以甘味居多,占51.35%;共涉及归经94次,脾经最多,占78.38%。在关联规则分析中,共产生112条规则,在二阶关联规则分析中,白术+鸡内金支持度最高,为31.74%,白术+当归置信度最高,为89.52%;在三阶关联规则分析中,白术+茯苓、陈皮支持度最高,为23.73%,白术+白芍、陈皮置信度最高,为88.04%。结论通过数据挖掘和关联规则,显示我院治疗小儿消化不良用药存在超量使用,且常用关联密切药物以补气药、消食药为主,为我院儿科中药临床药师开展处方审核、用药教育及监护工作提供了思路。