Robot driver for vehicle durability emission test on chassis dynamometer

A method for a vehicle durability emission test using a robot driver insteadof human drivers on the chassis dynamometer is presented. The system architecture of vehicledurability emission test cell, the road load simulation strategy and the tele-monitoring systembased on Browser/Client structure are described. Furthermore, the construction of the robot driver,vehicle performance self-learning algorithm, multi-mode vehicle control model and vehicle speedtracking strategy based on fuzzy logic arealso discussed. Besides, the capability of controlparameters self-compensation on-line makes it possible to compensate the wear of vehicle componentsand the variety of clutch true bite point during the long term test. Experimental results show thattherobot driver can be applicable to a wide variety of vehicles and the obtained results stay withina tolerance band of ± 2 km/h. Moreover the robot driver is able to control tested vehicles withgood repeatability and consistency; therefore, this methodpresents a solution to eliminate theuncertainty of emission test results by human drivers and to ensure the accuracy and reliability ofemission test results.

Inertia Matching During Dynamic Simulation of Vehicle Drive System on Test Bench

Framework and basic parameters of a test bench for motor drive system of electric vehicle (EV) are illuminated. Two kinds of electric drive models, one was for the electric vehicle drived on real road, the other was for that on test bench, are put forward. Then, dynamic analysis of these models is made in detail. Inertia matching method of the test bench is researched and some useful formulas and graphs are brought forward. The experiment of an electric bus is introduced in order to explain the usage of this inertia matching method.

Development of a Test Machine for IVECO Drive Axle

To improve the automation level of the vehicle drive axle test and better simulate a vehicle＇s actual operation, an advanced test machine has been developed. The load system of the machine consists of hand brakes and electric cylinders. It is simple-structured and low-cost. The major motor of the machine is controlled by a transducer and its speed can be adjusted easily. In addition, the programmed machine can automatically test such parameters as the grinding condition, the differential speed, the noise level, etc. It can also adjust the test procedures according to different requirements. Detailed discussion of the structure and mechanism of the test machine is given in this paper.

test252 kV三相机械联动GIS用断路器的T100s合并试验

交流高压断路器标准GB/T 1984—2014中规定了中性点有效和非有效接地系统的合并试验,但是不涉及60Hz的工况,对应STL导则中针对IEC 62271-100有50/60Hz合并试验的描述,但是国内厂家50/60Hz通常是分开试验的。文章通过介绍252kV断路器T100s的多参数的合并试验,提供了一种可以多参数试验的试验方法,指出了多参数合并试验的利弊,对后续其他类似多参数合并试验提供了有效参考。

自动驾驶仿真测试场景生成技术研究进展

自动驾驶系统已经成为汽车行业和计算机科学的前沿研究领域。为了确保自动驾驶系统的安全性和可靠性,对自动驾驶系统进行充分的测试是十分必要的,而仿真测试因其测试成本低、安全性高等优点,并且测试场景是自动驾驶仿真测试的关键,因此仿真测试场景生成是自动驾驶测试过程中不可或缺的环节。目前,已有大量学者致力于研究自动驾驶仿真测试,也有许多关于自动驾驶仿真测试的研究进展报告,但是针对于自动驾驶仿真测试场景生成的研究进展报告却寥寥无几。因此,对关于自动驾驶仿真测试场景的文献进行了全面调查,并对自动驾驶仿真测试的相关背景知识进行概述;通过调研国内外几十篇相关文献,按照自动驾驶系统的模块进行归纳总结,对现有仿真测试场景生成方法进行详细分类阐述;通过调研目前主流的仿真测试工具,对现有仿真测试工具进行分析归纳;分析了自动驾驶仿真测试领域面临的挑战和未来展望。

The Research on Toroidal Drive

This paper presents the basic principle, meshing, structural design, manufacturing, installation and test on toroidal drive.

A model-based driving cycle test procedure of electric vehicle batteries

The battery test methods are the key issues to investigate the energy-storage characteristics and dynamic characteristics of electric vehicle(EV) batteries.In this paper,the research advances of existing battery test methods as well as driving cycles are reviewed.An electric vehicle model that consists of EV dynamics model,battery model and electric motor model is built.The dynamic characteristics of the battery in frequency domain are analyzed.Based on the EV model and the frequency domain characteristics of the battery,a driving cycle test procedure of EV battery is proposed.The battery test procedure is able to reflect the real-world characteristics of EV batteries,and can be used as a universal EV battery test method.

Design of driving wheel speed test device based on magnetoelectric sensor

In order to study the transmission efficiency of engine and optimize the structure of driving wheel,the rotational speed storage test device of driving wheel in tracked vehicle based on magnetoelectric sensor was designed.The device consisted of a mounting bracket,a sensor and a tester.The mounting bracket was installed in vehicle body after fixing the tester and sensor to mounting bracket beside the driving wheel.Using the storage test instrument,the wireless trigger technology was applied to synchronously record and stored the rotational speed data of the driving wheel in tracked vehicle.After the experiment was finished,the data was read out through the upper computer.Both valid data and satisfactory results were obtained through both simulated and actual vehicle tests.

Test Results for Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oilfield

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Fatigue test loading methodfor wagon body basedon measured load

Purpose–In this paper,the C80 special coal gondola car was taken as the subject,and the load test data of the car body at the center plate,side bearing and coupler measured on the dedicated line were broken down to generate the random load component spectrums of the car body under five working conditions,namely expansion,bouncing,rolling,torsion and pitching according to the typical motion attitude of the car body.Design/methodology/approach–On the basis of processing the measured load data,the random load component spectrums were equivalently converted into sinusoidal load component spectrums for bench test based on the principle of pseudo-damage equivalence of load.Relying on the fatigue and vibration test bench of the whole railway wagon,by taking each sinusoidal load component spectrum as the simulation target,the time waveform replication(TWR)iteration technology was adopted to create the drive signal of each loading actuator required for the fatigue test of car body on the bench,and the drive signal was corrected based on the equivalence principle of measured stress fatigue damage to obtain the fatigue test loads of car body under various typical working conditions.Findings–The fatigue test results on the test bench were substantially close to the measured test results on the line.According to the results,the relative error between the fatigue damage of the car body on the test bench and the measured damage on the line was within the range of
16.03%–27.14%.Originality/value–The bench test results basically reproduced the fatigue damage of the key parts of the car body on the line.

基于平行测试的认知自动驾驶智能架构研究

在大数据、云计算和机器学习等新一代人工智能技术的推动下,自动驾驶的感知智能在近年来得到显著的提升与发展.然而,与人类驾驶过程中隐含的以自我目的实现为引导的自探索性和自主性相比,现阶段自动驾驶技术主要以辅助驾驶功能为主,还停留在以被动感知、规划与控制为主的初级智能自动驾驶阶段.为实现车辆智能从数据驱动的环境感知、辅助决策、被动规划到知识驱动的场景认知、推理决策、主动规划的提升,亟需增强车辆自身对复杂外界信息归纳提炼、推理决策、评价估计等类人能力.首先回顾自动驾驶关键技术演化及其应用发展历程;随后分析测试对车辆智能评估的效用;然后基于平行测试理论,提出自动驾驶车辆认知智能训练、测试与评估空间的构建方法,并设计基于平行测试的认知自动驾驶智能训练框架.该项研究工作预期能为推动自动驾驶从感知智能向认知智能的升级提供可行的技术支撑与实现路径.

Modeling and Performance Prediction of Induction Motor Drive System for Electric Drive Tracked Vehicles

The principle of rotor flux-orientation vector control on 100/150 kW three-phase AC induction motor for electric drive tracked vehicles is analyzed, and the mathematic model is deduced. The drive system of induction motor is modeled and simulated by Matlab/Simulink. The characteristics of motor and drive system are analyzed and evaluated by practical bench test. The simulation and bench test results show that the model is valid, and the driving control system has constant torque under rated speed, constant torque above rated speed, widely variable speed range and better dynamic characteristics. In order to evaluate the practical applications of high power induction motor driving system in electric drive tracked vehicles, a collaborative simulation based on interface technology of Matlab/Simulink and multi-body dynamic analysis software known as RecurDyn is done, the vehicle performances are predicted in the acceleration time (0-32 km/h) and turning characteristic (v=10 km/h, R=B).

基于驾驶性主观评价和AVL-Drive客观测试的整车驾驶性主客观评价方法

整车驾驶性评价是主机厂新研发车型过程中不可缺少的一环,是让工程师发现驾驶性问题的主要途径。将主观评价结果和AVL-Drive的驾驶性客观测试结果相互对比,能够精确识别出驾驶性问题,为工程师提供优化方向及依据,从根本上提升了工程师评审的准确度和置信度。本文详细介绍了基于驾驶性主观评价和AVL-Drive客观测试的整车驾驶性主客观评价方法。

Methodical Approach to Integrate Human Movement Diversity in Real-Time into a Virtual Test Field for Highly Automated Vehicle Systems

Recently, virtual realities and simulations play important roles in the development of automated driving functionalities. By an appropriate abstraction, they help to design, investigate and communicate real traffic scenario complexity. Especially, for edge cases investigations of interactions between vulnerable road users (VRU) and highly automated driving functions, valid virtual models are essential for the quality of results. The aim of this study is to measure, process and integrate real human movement behaviour into a virtual test environment for highly automated vehicle functionalities. The overall system consists of a georeferenced virtual city model and a vehicle dynamics model, including probabilistic sensor descriptions. By motion capture hardware, real humanoid behaviour is applied to a virtual human avatar in the test environment. Through retargeting methods, which enable the independency of avatar and person under test (PuT) dimensions, the virtual avatar diversity is increased. To verify the biomechanical behaviour of the virtual avatars, a qualitative study is performed, which funds on a representative movement sequence. The results confirm the functionality of the used methodology and enable PuT independence control of the virtual avatars in real-time.

Drivers’ Reaction of Warning Messages in Work Zone Termination Areas with Left Turn

Work-zone crashes have always drawn public attention. A number of fatalities are recorded every year nationwide within work zone areas. Most existing countermeasures have been dedicated more to the advance warning areas, transition areas, and activity areas of work zone, than the termination areas, where drivers might play less attention to safety threats. In this study, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication based left turn warning system was applied at a work zone termination area, which is immediately followed by a T-intersection. The work-zone is located on the minor road side, while left turn vehicles will be appearing from the major street through the said T-intersection. A smart phone application was designed using Android coding system to provide several types of warning messages to drivers. Corresponding scenarios were designed in a driving simulator, and 20 subjects were recruited to participate in the simulation test followed by a questionnaire survey. The subjects received a warning message when driving to the termination area of a work zone on the coming left turn vehicles. Twenty test drivers’ driving speed, acceleration rates, and break reaction distance to the warning messages were studied in four different scenarios. Results show that the smartphone application has a great impact on driving behaviors, especially the female voice and the beep tone warning, which are recommended for possible field tests. Besides, the developed smartphone applications can be further updated for practical applications of similar needs.

Vibration Response Characteristics against the Radial and Axial Shocks on Small Size Hard Disk Drive Spindle Supported by Oil Film Bearings

This paper describes the experimental study on shock response of FDB （fluid dynamic bearing） spindle for HDDs （hard disk drives）. The FDBs are widely used as rotating shaft support elements for HDD spindle motors. Recently, the opportunity for the HDD spindle motors exposed to external vibration has been increasing because the HDDs are used for various information related equipment such as mobile PCs （personal computers）, video cameras, car navigation systems and so on. Hence, the rotating shaft has a possibility to come in contact with the bearing by external shocks and it causes wear or seizure to the bearing surface. To avoid the problem, it is extremely important to know how the spindle moves against the large shock on HDDs experimentally. However, as far as the authors know, there are few experimental studies treating the shock response of HDD spindles. In this paper, firstly, we propose a new test rig and experimental method for shock response of FDB spindles. Then the shock tests against the radial and axial disturbance on FDB spindle for 2.5＂ HDD are conducted. Finally, the experimental results of shock response waveforms and maximum displacement of disk are shown.

Control rod drive for high temperature gas cooled reactor

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基于实车路试的高速公路减速标线运行效果研究

为探寻高速公路减速标线设置对小客车的纵向运行特性的影响,明确减速标线的减速效果,以G50沪渝高速重庆段的3处减速标线区段为对象,开展了实车驾驶试验,采集了自然驾驶状态下的车辆速度、加速度和轨迹等数据,对比分析了车辆经过3处减速标线区段时的速度整体特征、幅值分布和变化模式;同时分析了纵向减速度变化特征;根据速度与加速度的组合示意图和纵向减速标线设置区段内速度的最大降幅、起止点的速度差异性,评价了减速标线的实施效果。结果表明:由于道路线形条件不同,3处减速标线区段的车辆行驶速度整体特征和变化模式存在差异,其中弯坡组合路段车辆速度存在波动,分为“近匀速—减速—加速—稳定—加速”的五阶段变化模式;减速度中位值和85%位值分别为0.123 m/s^(2)、0.225 m/s^(2)、0.185 m/s^(2)和0.346 m/s^(2)、0.513 m/s^(2)、0.489 m/s^(2)。减速标线主要有两方面作用效果:能够使车辆运行车速显著降低,或能够抑制车辆速度增加的趋势。研究成果为高速公路减速标线有效性评价及安全改善提供了基础数据支持。

高压断路器操动机构驱动电机及其控制技术研究

高压断路器操动机构用电机驱动提高了断路器运行的可靠性与可控性,因此设计了一套适用于126 kV真空断路器的电机操动机构。基于操动机构动力学分析结果确定驱动电机转矩、转速要求,提出一种有限转角永磁无刷电机设计方案,研制样机进行联机试验完成动作要求检验。在此基础上,设计分段转矩控制策略,结合驱动电机输出转矩需求将操动机构的运动过程分为4个阶段,从降低触头碰撞、避免预击穿现象发生、提高断路器工作可靠性角度对各阶段电机输出转矩进行动态调节。结果表明:所研制的驱动电机配合分段转矩控制策略,在保证灭弧室对操动机构动作时间、动作速度要求的前提下,实现了操动机构的运动过程优化和工作可靠性提高,促进了断路器智能化操作进程。

示范快堆非能动棒驱动机构可靠性指标验证研究

示范快堆非能动棒驱动机构是非能动停堆机构的组成部分之一,用于在反应堆启动时提升非能动棒。非能动棒驱动机构的可靠性验证采用定数试验的方法。由于相关标准在适应性方面存在部分问题,基于相关概率统计理论,推导得出非能动棒驱动机构可靠性验证的统计试验方案,并且制定适宜的试验剖面。试验统计结果满足验证方案的接收准则,设备可靠性水平高于指标要求的置信度为70.3%。