Effects of real-time traffic information systems on traffic performance under different network structures

The effects of real-time traffic information system(RTTIS)on traffic performance under parallel,grid and ring networks were investigated.The simulation results show that the effects of the proportion of RTTIS usage depend on the road network structures.For traffic on a parallel network,the performance of groups with and without RTTIS level is improved when the proportion of vehicles using RTTIS is greater than 0 and less than 30%,and a proportion of RTTIS usage higher than 90%would actually deteriorate the performance.For both grid and ring networks,a higher proportion of RTTIS usage always improves the performance of groups with and without RTTIS.For all three network structures,vehicles without RTTIS benefit from some proportion of RTTIS usage in a system.

Multi-objective evolutionary approach for UAV cruise route planning to collect traffic information

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was introduced as a novel traffic device to collect road traffic information and its cruise route planning problem was considered.Firstly,a multi-objective optimization model was proposed aiming at minimizing the total cruise distance and the number of UAVs used,which used UAV maximum cruise distance,the number of UAVs available and time window of each monitored target as constraints.Then,a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm was proposed.Next,a case study with three time window scenarios was implemented.The results show that both the total cruise distance and the number of UAVs used continue to increase with the time window constraint becoming narrower.Compared with the initial optimal solutions,the optimal total cruise distance and the number of UAVs used fall by an average of 30.93% and 31.74%,respectively.Finally,some concerns using UAV to collect road traffic information were discussed.

Data network traffic analysis and optimization strategy of real-time power grid dynamic monitoring system for wide-frequency measurements

The application and development of a wide-area measurement system(WAMS)has enabled many applications and led to several requirements based on dynamic measurement data.Such data are transmitted as big data information flow.To ensure effective transmission of wide-frequency electrical information by the communication protocol of a WAMS,this study performs real-time traffic monitoring and analysis of the data network of a power information system,and establishes corresponding network optimization strategies to solve existing transmission problems.This study utilizes the traffic analysis results obtained using the current real-time dynamic monitoring system to design an optimization strategy,covering the optimization in three progressive levels:the underlying communication protocol,source data,and transmission process.Optimization of the system structure and scheduling optimization of data information are validated to be feasible and practical via tests.

Estimation of the Impact of Traveler Information Apps on Urban Air Quality Improvement

With the rapid growth of vehicle population and vehicle miles traveled, automobile emission has become a severe issue in the metropolitan cities of China. There are policies that concentrate on the management of emission sources. However, improving the operation of the transportation system through apps on mobile devices, especially navigation apps, may have a unique role in promoting urban air quality. Real-time traveler information can not only help travelers avoid traffic congestion, hut also advise them to adjust their departure time, mode, or route, or even to cancel trips. Will such changes in personal travel patterns have a significant impact in decreasing emissions？ If so, to what extent will they impact urban air quality？ The aim of this study is to determine how urban traffic emission is affected by the use of navigation apps. With this work, we attempt to answer the question of whether the real-time traffic information provided by navigation apps can help to improve urban air quality. Some of these findings may provide references for the formulation of urban traffic and environmental policies.

Real-time urban traffic information estimation with a limited number of surveillance cameras

Constant traffic congestion consumes enormous amounts of energy and causes vastly increased journey times. Therefore, real-time traffic information is of great importance to the public because such information is invaluable to more efficient traffic control and travel planning. To obtain such information in metropolises like Shanghai, however, is very challenging due to the extraordinarily large scale and com- plexity of the underlying road network. In this paper, we pro- pose a novel traffic estimation scheme utilizing surveillance cameras pervasively deployed in cities. With only a limited number of roads with cameras, we adopt a measurement- based traffic matrix （TM） estimation method to infer the traf- fic conditions on those roads with no cameras. Extensively trace-driven simulations as well as field study results show that our scheme can achieve high accuracy with a very limited number of measurements. The accuracy of our measurement- based algorithm outperforms the traditional speed-based and model-based approaches by up to 50%.

基于GPS的道路交通信息深度采集系统设计

在处理交通事故时,信息数据采集主要依赖人工完成,速度慢、记录不全面,且极易造成交通拥堵。文章设计了基于GPS的道路交通信息深度采集系统,该系统包括中央处理器以及分别与中央处理器连接的定位模块、通信模块、事故现场采集模块和事故记录模块。定位模块用于获取事故现场各位置的信息;事故记录模块用于记录事故的相关信息;事故现场采集模块用于采集事故现场的照片;中央处理器用于根据事故现场不同角度的照片结合位置信息生成带有位置信息的道路事故现场图;通信模块用于与云端通信,将系统采集及处理得到的信息发送至云端。经试验可知,该系统可全面记录信息,处理速度快,极具应用前景。

基于改进GCN-sbuLSTM模型的高速公路交通量预测方法

为解决现有高速公路交通量预测方法在捕捉动态时空依赖关系方面的不足,提出了一种融合信息几何方法与注意力机制的新型高速路网交通量预测模型。首先,利用信息几何方法量化ETC门架之间的动态数据分布差异。然后,利用注意力机制来捕获交通的动态空间依赖关系。最后,结合一种堆叠的双向递归层结构,提出了一种长时间跨度的并行子模型算法,即基于信息几何方法(Information Geometry)和注意力机制(Attention Mechanism)优化的图卷积神经网络(GCN)结合堆叠双向单向长短期记忆神经网络(sbuLSTM)的组合模型—IGAGCN-sbuLSTM。采用该模型对100多条路段、3000多处门架近7亿条高速公路ETC门架系统数据进行分析,结果显示:与LSTM、GCN、GCN-LSTM、ASTGCN等现有4种模型相比,在10 min时间尺度下,IGAGCN-sbuLSTM组合模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别降低了2.39,3.72,1.02,1.46,均方根误差(RMSE)分别降低了3.25,4.32,2.05,5.65,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别降低了5.49%,12.54%,1.56%,0.5%。研究表明,IGAGCN-sbuLSTM模型在预测精度和不同时间间隔的预测性能上均优于现有的单一捕获特性模型及其他常用的组合模型,可广泛应用于高速公路收费、车速等数据的预测分析。

CHRT:Clustering-Based Hybrid Re-Routing System for Traffic Congestion Avoidance

Re-routing system has become an important technology to improve traffic efficiency.The traditional re-routing schemes do not consider the dynamic characteristics of urban traffic,making the planned routes unable to cope with the changing traf-fic conditions.Based on real-time traffic information,it is challenging to dynamically re-route connected vehicles to alleviate traffic congestion.Moreover,how to obtain global traffic information while reducing communication costs and improving travel efficiency poses a challenge to the re-routing system.To deal with these challenges,this paper proposes CHRT,a clustering-based hybrid re-routing system for traffic congestion avoidance.CHRT develops a multi-layer hybrid architecture.The central server accesses the global view of traffic,and the distributed part is composed of vehicles divided into clusters to reduce latency and communication overhead.Then,a clustering-based priority mechanism is proposed,which sets priorities for clusters based on realtime traffic information to avoid secondary congestion.Furthermore,to plan the optimal routes for vehicles while alleviating global traffic congestion,this paper presents a multi-metric re-routing algorithm.Through extensive simulations based on the SUMO traffic simulator,CHRT reduces vehicle traveling time,fuel consumption,and CO2 emissions compared to other systems.In addition,CHRT globally alleviates traffic congestion and improves traffic efficiency.

《现代交通信息采集技术与方法》课程翻转教学方式探索

本论文以《现代交通信息采集技术与方法》课程为例。从我校实际出发,提出了课程翻转课堂混合式教学改革措施;从考评方式、教学内容、创新性教学过程的教学体系进行探索和实践,并依据教学实践对该课程的教学手段方法进行了效果评估,表明这些改革对交通专业的理论型课程具有推广价值。

城市高速道路微波检测器RTMS的检测精度分析

首先分析交通信息采集在城市高速道路监控系统中的重要作用 ,然后比较视频、环形线圈、微波等多种交通检测器的优缺点。根据目前北京二环、三环高速道路检测器的应用现状 ,选取RTMS的检测精度作为研究对象并在北京三环紫竹桥附近作了现场实验。实验数据分析结果表明 ,RTMS检测的各车道平均检测精度达到 95 %以上 ,可用于完成城市高速道路信息采集的任务。

基于高速公路收费系统的交通信息采集与处理基本问题研究

高速公路封闭式的收费系统实质上也是先进的交通信息采集系统,从中不仅可以得到流量、车型等一 般性信息,而且能够得到行程时间、行程车速、OD、拥挤度、事件、运营特征及需求管理等常规方法不易获取的 重要信息。同时,由于这种收费系统的信息采集采用逐车测量与统计的方式、具有无遗漏和直接性的特点,因 而信息拥有更高的准确性和可靠性。以上海市高速公路网为背景,通过对典型通道的分析,系统探讨高速公 路收费系统中交通信息采集与处理的几个基本问题:①基础数据采集;②交通信息种类;③行程时间信息处 理;④动态OD信息处理。由于收费系统数据目前还远未得到充分有效地利用,因此本研究工作对我国高速公 路交通信息化与智能化建设、信息综合利用及科学研究具有先导性的作用。

基于信息熵的网络流异常监测和三维可视方法

通过分析网络流量可以反映网络运行情况,挖掘异常行为,感知网络安全态势。为了监测网络运行状况和流量异常情况,提高用户对网络流量态势的感知体验,针对大规模网络流量的数据量大和维度广的特点,提出了一种准实时流量数据报出机制,设计了基于三维可视化的流量监测系统,并结合基于信息熵的流量异常挖掘方法,通过人工监测和数据挖掘,实现了异常流量可视化监测,提高了异常检测成功率。给出了监测系统的设计方案和实现结果,解决了网络数据流从抽象到具象的可视化问题,提供了一种更加直观的态势展现方案,提高了用户对网络态势的感知认识能力。

北京市交通流数据采集、处理/分析和信息发布系统设计

交通流数据采集、处理 /分析和信息发布系统是北京市智能交通管理系统的一个重要组成部分。本文介绍北京市交通流数据采集、处理 /分析和信息发布系统设计。该系统集成来自交通管理部门、出租车指挥调度部门、公安指挥调度部门、公交指挥调度部门和医疗急救调度部门的交通信息 。

智能交通系统中实时交通信息采集处理的新方法

在分析目前城市交通信息采集系统中存在的检测成本高、检测范围有限等主要问题的基础上,提出通过GPS/蜂窝无线定位进行交通信息实时采集处理的新方法,深入剖析了该方法的技术关键,并给出该方法的测算效率改进模型,结果显示本文模型相对原有模型改进了5%以上。

一种基于车间通信的交通信息采集方法

为了及时、准确地获取城市道路交通信息,提出了一种基于车间通信的交通信息采集方法,将具有车间通信功能的车辆视为路网中的移动传感器节点;路旁基站通过对节点采集到的交通数据进行分析,得到路段实时交通状态。另外,还设计了基于上述方法的无线交通信息服务系统(WTISS)原型,同时结合Paramics、NS2、Matlab、MySQL等工具完成了WTISS仿真系统,并在该仿真系统上验证了本文方法的正确性。

基于GPS浮动车的路段行程时间估计方法比较

以长春市局部路网的地理信息为基础,运用实测GPS数据分别对基于GPS浮动车的路段行程时间的直接估计方法与间接估计方法进行编程实现和测试分析,并且依据所得路段行程时间数据对比分析了两种方法各自的特点及适用范围。结果表明,两种方法适用范围的差别比较明显。

面向交通信息采集的无人飞机路径规划

引入无人飞机作为城市道路固定交通检测设备的辅助手段,部署无人飞机进行道路交通信息采集,提出了无人飞机的路径规划问题.考虑了无人飞机数量有限,不足以对所有目标进行侦察的情形,建立了以总巡航距离最短、巡航目标数量最多的多目标优化模型,提出了可行路径的重组方法,构造了求解该问题的非支配排序遗传算法.案例分析结果表明:构造的算法可以求出无人飞机路径规划的近似最优解,与最优初始可行解相比,总巡航距离减少了13.07%,巡航目标数量增加了41.67%.最后,讨论了无人飞机在道路交通信息采集中可能面临的问题.

基于ETC电子收费数据的信息提取技术研究

电子不停车收费系统是智能交通应用系统中取得较大发展的子系统.系统能实时记录车辆的进、出口收费站的时间、地点等数据.本文以电子不停车收费的交易数据为基础,通过对原始交易数据的分析,确定了数据的处理流程,在此基础上,提出了路段行程速度计算模型,交通流量分布规律分析方法和高速公路站点OD分布、车型比例分布等指标获取方法.研究以北京市高速公路电子收费数据为例,进行了案例分析.结果表明,本研究中提出的数据处理和提取技术能较为准确地获取高速公路运营管理中所需的信息,这些信息为高速公路出行者信息服务、高速公路交通运营和规划等提供有效的信息支撑.

基于GPS浮动车的交通信息采集方法

针对目前基于GPS浮动车的交通信息采集方法相关研究不够系统、全面,导致大量基础数据浪费、交通信息质量偏低、系统运行成本较高等问题,提出了一种新的基于GPS浮动车的交通信息采集方法。依托长春市局部路网的空间信息,采集GPS实测数据进行技术验证。验证结果表明:本文方法可以很好地解决已有方法存在的诸多问题,从而为改善交通状态判别及车辆动态导航系统的应用效果奠定数据基础。

基于视频图像处理的交通流检测方法

针对视频交通流的特点,提出了一种无需进行视场标定的交通流检测方法。该方法选用检测线上的点及其近似点作为检测区域,通过对背景模板上检测区域中的突变点的分析和统计,可以实时地检测车辆的驶入、存在和驶出,提高了检测速度。在此基础上,设计和实现了视频交通流信息采集系统,并用软件实现检测算法和图像处理算法。试验结果表明,其检测速度和检测精度都能够满足实际要求,达到了用最小的系统规模实现交通流信息采集的目的,能够为交通管理与控制提供信息数据。